{"id":38615,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:52","slug":"assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https","title":{"rendered":"As associa\u00e7\u00f5es de provedores dos EUA se op\u00f5em \u00e0 centraliza\u00e7\u00e3o na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do DNS-over-HTTPS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Associa\u00e7\u00f5es Comerciais NCTA<\/a><\/noindex>, CTIA<\/a><\/noindex> e USTelecom<\/a><\/noindex>, defendendo os interesses dos provedores de internet, entraram em contato<\/a><\/noindex> ao Congresso dos EUA, solicitando aten\u00e7\u00e3o para o problema da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do \"DNS sobre HTTPS\" (DoH, DNS over HTTPS) e pedindo ao Google informa\u00e7\u00f5es detalhadas sobre os planos atuais e futuros para incluir o DoH em seus produtos, al\u00e9m de obter um compromisso de n\u00e3o incluir, por padr\u00e3o, o processamento centralizado de consultas DNS no Chrome e Android sem uma discuss\u00e3o abrangente pr\u00e9via com outros representantes do ecossistema e considera\u00e7\u00e3o das poss\u00edveis consequ\u00eancias negativas.<\/p>\n

Entendendo o benef\u00edcio geral do uso de criptografia para o tr\u00e1fego DNS, as associa\u00e7\u00f5es consideram inaceit\u00e1vel a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de controle sobre a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de nomes em uma \u00fanica entidade e a vincula\u00e7\u00e3o desse mecanismo por padr\u00e3o aos servi\u00e7os DNS centralizados. Em particular, argumenta-se que o Google est\u00e1 se movendo para a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do DoH por padr\u00e3o no Android e no Chrome, o que, caso vinculado aos servidores do Google, levar\u00e1 a uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o da natureza descentralizada da infraestrutura DNS e \u00e0 cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um ponto \u00fanico de falha.<\/p>\n

Dado que o Chrome e o Android dominam o mercado, a imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de seus servidores DoH permitir\u00e1 que o Google controle a maior parte do fluxo de consultas DNS dos usu\u00e1rios. Al\u00e9m de reduzir a confiabilidade da infraestrutura, tal medida tamb\u00e9m proporcionar\u00e1 ao Google vantagens injustas sobre os concorrentes, uma vez que a empresa obter\u00e1 informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre as atividades dos usu\u00e1rios, que podem ser utilizadas para rastrear comportamentos e personalizar an\u00fancios. <\/p>\n

A implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do DoH tamb\u00e9m pode comprometer o funcionamento em \u00e1reas como sistemas de controle parental, acesso a espa\u00e7os de nomes internos em sistemas corporativos, escolha de rotas em sistemas de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de entrega de conte\u00fado e cumprimento de ordens judiciais na luta contra a dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o de conte\u00fado ilegal e explora\u00e7\u00e3o de menores. A manipula\u00e7\u00e3o de DNS tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 frequentemente utilizada para redirecionar usu\u00e1rios a p\u00e1ginas informando sobre a falta de cr\u00e9dito do assinante ou para acesso a redes sem fio.<\/p>\n

A empresa Google declarou<\/a><\/noindex>, que as preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o infundadas, j\u00e1 que n\u00e3o pretende habilitar o DoH por padr\u00e3o no Chrome e no Android. Previsto<\/a><\/noindex> No Chrome 78, a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o experimental do DoH por padr\u00e3o abranger\u00e1 apenas os usu\u00e1rios cujas configura\u00e7\u00f5es utilizam provedores de DNS que oferecem a op\u00e7\u00e3o de usar o DoH como alternativa aos DNS tradicionais. Aqueles que utilizam servidores DNS fornecidos pelo provedor de internet local continuar\u00e3o a enviar consultas DNS atrav\u00e9s do resolvedor do sistema. Ou seja, as a\u00e7\u00f5es do Google se restringem a substituir pelo servi\u00e7o equivalente do provedor atual para adotar um m\u00e9todo seguro de opera\u00e7\u00e3o com DNS. A ativa\u00e7\u00e3o experimental do DoH tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 prevista para o Firefox, mas, ao contr\u00e1rio do Google, a Mozilla inten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> utilizados<\/a><\/noindex> define como servidor DNS por padr\u00e3o o CloudFlare. Essa abordagem j\u00e1 causou cr\u00edticas<\/a><\/noindex> rea\u00e7\u00f5es por parte do projeto OpenBSD.<\/p>\n

Lembramos que o DoH pode ser \u00fatil para evitar vazamentos de informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre os nomes de host solicitados atrav\u00e9s dos servidores DNS dos provedores, combater ataques MITM e a adultera\u00e7\u00e3o do tr\u00e1fego DNS (por exemplo, ao se conectar a Wi-Fi p\u00fablico), enfrentar bloqueios em n\u00edvel de DNS (o DoH n\u00e3o pode substituir uma VPN na quest\u00e3o de contornar bloqueios implementados no n\u00edvel de DPI) ou para organizar o funcionamento no caso de n\u00e3o ser poss\u00edvel acessar diretamente os servidores DNS (por exemplo, ao trabalhar atrav\u00e9s de um proxy). <\/p>\n

Se em uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o normal as consultas DNS s\u00e3o enviadas diretamente para servidores DNS espec\u00edficos configurados no sistema, no caso do DoH a consulta para determinar o endere\u00e7o IP do host \u00e9 encapsulada no tr\u00e1fego HTTPS e enviada para um servidor HTTP, onde o resolvedor processa as solicita\u00e7\u00f5es atrav\u00e9s da API Web. O padr\u00e3o existente DNSSEC utiliza criptografia apenas para autentica\u00e7\u00e3o do cliente e do servidor, mas n\u00e3o protege o tr\u00e1fego contra intercepta\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o garante a confidencialidade das consultas. Atualmente, cerca de 30 servidores DNS p\u00fablicos<\/a><\/noindex> suportam DoH.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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