{"id":38636,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","slug":"reliz-subd-postgresql-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do SGBD PostgreSQL 12.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ap\u00f3s um ano de desenvolvimento <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/about\/news\/1976\/\">foi publicado<\/a><\/noindex> nova ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1vel do SGBD PostgreSQL 12. Atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es para a nova ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/support\/versioning\/\">ser\u00e3o lan\u00e7adas<\/a><\/noindex> durante cinco anos at\u00e9 novembro de 2024. <\/p>\n<p>Principais <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/static\/release-12.html\">novidades<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionar suporte a \u201c<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/ddl-generated-columns.html\">colunas geradas<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d, cujo valor \u00e9 calculado com base em uma express\u00e3o que abrange os valores de outras colunas na mesma tabela (an\u00e1loga a visualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, mas para colunas individuais). As colunas geradas podem ser de dois tipos \u2014 armazenadas e virtuais. No primeiro caso, o valor \u00e9 calculado no momento da adi\u00e7\u00e3o ou altera\u00e7\u00e3o de dados, e no segundo \u2014 a cada leitura com base no estado atual de outras colunas. Atualmente, o PostgreSQL suporta apenas colunas geradas armazenadas;\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a capacidade de executar consultas a partir de documentos JSON usando <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-SQLJSON-PATH\">express\u00f5es de caminho<\/a><\/noindex>, semelhantes a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XPath\">XPath<\/a><\/noindex> e definidas no padr\u00e3o SQL\/JSON. Para aumentar a efici\u00eancia do processamento de tais express\u00f5es para documentos armazenados no formato JSONB, s\u00e3o aplicados mecanismos de indexa\u00e7\u00e3o existentes;\n<li class=\"l\"> O uso do compilador JIT (Just-in-Time) baseado em LLVM para acelerar a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de certas express\u00f5es no processo de processamento de consultas SQL est\u00e1 habilitado por padr\u00e3o. Por exemplo, o JIT \u00e9 aplic\u00e1vel para acelerar a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de express\u00f5es dentro de blocos \u201cWHERE\u201d, em listas de sa\u00edda (target lists), express\u00f5es agregadas e algumas opera\u00e7\u00f5es internas;\n<li class=\"l\"> A performance de indexa\u00e7\u00e3o foi significativamente aumentada. Os \u00edndices B-tree foram otimizados para trabalhar em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de frequente altera\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00edndices \u2014 nos testes TPC-C, observa-se um aumento geral na performance e uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o no consumo de espa\u00e7o em disco em m\u00e9dia de 40%. Os custos adicionais na gera\u00e7\u00e3o do log de grava\u00e7\u00e3o antecipada (WAL) foram reduzidos para tipos de \u00edndices GiST, GIN e SP-GiST. Para GiST, foi adicionada a possibilidade de criar \u00edndices de envolt\u00f3rio (por meio da express\u00e3o INCLUDE), que incluem colunas adicionais. Na opera\u00e7\u00e3o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-createstatistics.html\">CREATE STATISTICS<\/a><\/noindex> foi assegurado o suporte para estat\u00edsticas sobre os valores mais comuns (MCV), permitindo gerar planos de consulta mais otimizados ao utilizar colunas com distribui\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o uniforme;\n<li class=\"l\"> A implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de particionamento foi otimizada para consultas que abrangem tabelas com milhares de se\u00e7\u00f5es, mas limitadas a retornar um subconjunto restrito de dados. A performance de adicionar dados em tabelas particionadas foi aumentada com opera\u00e7\u00f5es INSERT e COPY, al\u00e9m de possibilitar a adi\u00e7\u00e3o de novas se\u00e7\u00f5es atrav\u00e9s do \u201cALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION\u201d sem bloquear a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de consultas;\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado suporte para a expans\u00e3o inline autom\u00e1tica de express\u00f5es de tabela comuns (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/queries-with.html\">Common Table Expression<\/a><\/noindex>, CTE), que permitem o uso de conjuntos de resultados nomeados tempor\u00e1rios definidos com o operador WITH. A expans\u00e3o inline pode melhorar o desempenho da maioria das consultas, mas atualmente \u00e9 aplicada apenas para CTE n\u00e3o recursivas;\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte adicionado <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/collation.html#COLLATION-NONDETERMINISTIC\">n\u00e3o determin\u00edsticos<\/a><\/noindex> propriedades de localidade \u201cCollation\u201d, permitindo definir regras de ordena\u00e7\u00e3o e m\u00e9todos de compara\u00e7\u00e3o levando em conta o significado dos caracteres (por exemplo, ao ordenar valores num\u00e9ricos, considera-se a presen\u00e7a de um sinal negativo e ponto antes do n\u00famero e diferentes formas de escrita, e ao comparar, n\u00e3o se leva em conta o caso dos caracteres e a presen\u00e7a de acento);\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado suporte para autentica\u00e7\u00e3o multifatorial do cliente, onde no pg_hba.conf \u00e9 poss\u00edvel combinar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o por certificado SSL (clientcert=verify-full) com um m\u00e9todo adicional de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o, como scram-sha-256;\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionado suporte para criptografia da comunica\u00e7\u00e3o durante a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o via <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/gssapi-auth.html\">GSSAPI<\/a><\/noindex>, tanto do lado do cliente quanto do lado do servidor;\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a capacidade de definir servidores LDAP com base em registros \u201cDNS SRV\u201d, se o PostgreSQL for compilado com OpenLDAP;\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a opera\u00e7\u00e3o \u201c<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-reindex.html#SQL-REINDEX-CONCURRENTLY\">REINDEX CONCURRENTLY<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb para reestruturar os \u00edndices sem bloquear as opera\u00e7\u00f5es de grava\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00edndice;\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada o comando <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/app-pgchecksums.html\">pg_checksums<\/a><\/noindex>, que permite ativar e desativar a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de somas de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o das p\u00e1ginas de dados em um banco de dados existente (anteriormente, essa opera\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3 era suportada durante a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do banco de dados);\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi garantida a exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de um indicador de progresso durante a execu\u00e7\u00e3o das opera\u00e7\u00f5es CREATE INDEX, REINDEX, CLUSTER, VACUUM FULL e pg_checksums;\n<li class=\"l\"> Foi adicionada a command \"<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/tableam.html\">CREATE ACCESS METHOD<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb para conectar manipuladores de novos m\u00e9todos de armazenamento de tabelas, otimizados para diversas tarefas espec\u00edficas. Atualmente, o \u00fanico m\u00e9todo de acesso integrado \u00e0s tabelas \u00e9 o \"heap\";\n<li class=\"l\"> O arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o recovery.conf foi mesclado com postgresql.conf. Agora, como indicadores para a transi\u00e7\u00e3o ao estado de recupera\u00e7\u00e3o ap\u00f3s falhas, devem-se utilizar os arquivos recovery.signal e standby.signal. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY\">deve<\/a><\/noindex> utilizar os arquivos recovery.signal e standby.signal.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51604\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 &#171;\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432&#171;, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 (\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432). \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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