{"id":38841,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:17","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:17","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:17","slug":"passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika","title":{"rendered":"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O Sistema de Nomes de Dom\u00ednio (DNS) \u00e9 semelhante a uma agenda telef\u00f4nica, que traduz nomes amig\u00e1veis ao usu\u00e1rio, como \"ussc.ru\", em endere\u00e7os IP. Como a atividade de DNS est\u00e1 presente praticamente em todas as sess\u00f5es de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, independentemente do protocolo, a loga\u00e7\u00e3o de DNS se torna uma fonte valiosa de dados para um especialista em seguran\u00e7a da informa\u00e7\u00e3o, permitindo que ele identifique anomalias ou obtenha dados adicionais sobre o sistema examinado.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Em 2004, Florian Weimer prop\u00f4s um m\u00e9todo de loga\u00e7\u00e3o chamado Passive DNS, que permite recuperar o hist\u00f3rico de altera\u00e7\u00f5es de dados de DNS com a capacidade de indexa\u00e7\u00e3o e busca, que podem fornecer acesso aos seguintes dados:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>O nome do dom\u00ednio<\/li>\n<li>O endere\u00e7o IP do nome de dom\u00ednio solicitado<\/li>\n<li>A data e hora da resposta<\/li>\n<li>O tipo de resposta<\/li>\n<li>etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Os dados para Passive DNS s\u00e3o coletados a partir de servidores DNS recursivos por meio de m\u00f3dulos integrados ou pela intercepta\u00e7\u00e3o de respostas de servidores DNS respons\u00e1veis pela zona.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/03066b8baf19d86c73bb7a1ca240a26c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Figura 1. Passive DNS (obtido do site <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ctovision.com\/passivedns-leverage-research\/\">Ctovision.com<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>A caracter\u00edstica do Passive DNS \u00e9 que n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio registrar o endere\u00e7o IP do cliente, o que ajuda a proteger a privacidade dos usu\u00e1rios. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Atualmente, existem v\u00e1rios servi\u00e7os que fornecem acesso a dados de Passive DNS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dnsdb.info\/\">DNSDB<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virustotal.com\/gui\/home\/upload\">VirusTotal<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskiq.com\/products\/passivetotal\/\">PassiveTotal<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/octo.safedns.com\/\">Octopus<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/securitytrails.com\/\">SecurityTrails<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/umbrella.cisco.com\/products\/threat-intelligence\">Umbrella Investigate<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Empresa<\/b><br \/>\nFarsight Security<br \/>\nVirusTotal<br \/>\nRiskiq<br \/>\nSafeDNS<br \/>\nSecurityTrails<br \/>\nCisco<\/p>\n<p><b>Acesso<\/b><br \/>\nPor solicita\u00e7\u00e3o<br \/>\nN\u00e3o requer registro<br \/>\nRegistro gratuito<br \/>\nPor solicita\u00e7\u00e3o<br \/>\nN\u00e3o requer registro<br \/>\nPor solicita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<p><b>API<\/b><br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<\/p>\n<p><b>Presen\u00e7a de cliente<\/b><br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nDispon\u00edvel<br \/>\nAusente<br \/>\nAusente<br \/>\nAusente<\/p>\n<p><b>In\u00edcio da coleta de dados<\/b><br \/>\n2010<br \/>\n2013<br \/>\n2009<br \/>\nExibe apenas os \u00faltimos 3 meses<br \/>\n2008<br \/>\n2006<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>Tabela 1. Servi\u00e7os com acesso a dados de Passive DNS<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Op\u00e7\u00f5es de uso do Passive DNS<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Usando o Passive DNS, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel estabelecer relacionamentos entre nomes de dom\u00ednio, servidores NS e endere\u00e7os IP. Isso permite construir mapas dos sistemas pesquisados e acompanhar as altera\u00e7\u00f5es desse mapa desde a primeira detec\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 o momento atual.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O Passive DNS tamb\u00e9m facilita a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de anomalias no tr\u00e1fego. Por exemplo, o monitoramento de altera\u00e7\u00f5es em zonas NS e registros do tipo A e AAAA pode identificar sites maliciosos que utilizam o m\u00e9todo de fast flux, projetado para esconder C&amp;C da detec\u00e7\u00e3o e bloqueio. Como nomes de dom\u00ednio leg\u00edtimos (exceto aqueles usados para balanceamento de carga) n\u00e3o costumam mudar seus endere\u00e7os IP com frequ\u00eancia, a maioria das zonas leg\u00edtimas raramente altera seus servidores NS. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O DNS Passivo, ao contr\u00e1rio da varredura direta de subdom\u00ednios por dicion\u00e1rios, permite encontrar at\u00e9 mesmo os nomes de dom\u00ednio mais ex\u00f3ticos, como \u201c222qmxacaiqaaaaazibq4aaidhmbqaaa0undefined7140c0.p.hoff.ru\u201d. Al\u00e9m disso, \u00e0s vezes isso permite descobrir \u00e1reas de teste (e vulner\u00e1veis) de um site, materiais para desenvolvedores, etc. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Investigando um link de um e-mail, usando o DNS Passivo<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Atualmente, o spam \u00e9 uma das principais formas pelas quais o invasor consegue acessar o computador da v\u00edtima ou roubar informa\u00e7\u00f5es confidenciais. Vamos tentar investigar o link de um e-mail desse tipo, usando o DNS Passivo, para avaliar a efic\u00e1cia desse m\u00e9todo.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/47d75ca464d6aa1c803670b1a53b4cf8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Figura 2. E-mail de spam<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O link deste e-mail levava ao site magnit-boss.rocks, que oferecia a coleta autom\u00e1tica de b\u00f4nus e a possibilidade de ganhar dinheiro:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f9bbb7d49579e5559c8fc76af0cfc13d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Figura 3. P\u00e1gina hospedada no dom\u00ednio magnit-boss.rocks<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para investigar este site, foi utilizado <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/api.passivetotal.org\/api\/docs\/\">API Riskiq<\/a><\/noindex>, que j\u00e1 possui 3 clientes prontos em <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/passivetotal\/python_api\">Python<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chrislee35\/passivetotal\">Ruby<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/passivetotal\/rust_api\">Rust<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Primeiro, vamos descobrir toda a hist\u00f3ria deste nome de dom\u00ednio, para isso usaremos o comando:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>pt-client pdns \u2014consulta magnit-boss.rocks<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Esse comando fornecer\u00e1 informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre todos os resolves de DNS associados a este nome de dom\u00ednio. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bfaa82b2d7a753f684f32a93e29bf679.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Figura 4. Resposta da API Riskiq<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vamos apresentar a resposta da API de uma forma mais clara: <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/90bcff91f110ee8e8f97151618548cb3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Figura 5. Todos os registros da resposta<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o posterior, foram retirados os endere\u00e7os IP para os quais este nome de dom\u00ednio estava resolvendo no momento em que o e-mail foi recebido em 01.08.2019; esses endere\u00e7os IP s\u00e3o 92.119.113.112 e 85.143.219.65. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Usando o comando: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>pt-client pdns \u2014consulta<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00e9 poss\u00edvel obter todos os nomes de dom\u00ednio relacionados a esses endere\u00e7os IP.<br \/>\nO endere\u00e7o IP 92.119.113.112 possui 42 nomes de dom\u00ednio \u00fanicos que estavam resolvendo para este IP, dentre os quais est\u00e3o os seguintes nomes:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>magnit-boss.club<\/li>\n<li>igrovie-avtomaty.me<\/li>\n<li>pro-x-audit.xyz<\/li>\n<li>zep3-www.xyz<\/li>\n<li>e outros<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O endere\u00e7o IP 85.143.219.65 possui 44 nomes de dom\u00ednio \u00fanicos que estavam resolvendo para este IP, dentre os quais est\u00e3o os seguintes nomes:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cvv2.name (site para venda de dados de cart\u00f5es de cr\u00e9dito)<\/li>\n<li>emaills.world<\/li>\n<li>www.mailru.space<\/li>\n<li>e outros<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As rela\u00e7\u00f5es com esses nomes de dom\u00ednio indicam phishing, mas acreditamos em pessoas boas, ent\u00e3o tentaremos obter um b\u00f4nus de 332.501,72 rublos? Ap\u00f3s clicar no bot\u00e3o \u201cSIM\u201d, o site nos solicita transferir 300 rublos de um cart\u00e3o para desbloquear a conta e nos direciona para o site as-torpay.info para inser\u00e7\u00e3o de dados. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cb2525f6438e5b0314949eae1ab3b81b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Figura 6. P\u00e1gina principal do site ac-pay2day.net<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Embora pare\u00e7a um site leg\u00edtimo, possuindo um certificado https, e a p\u00e1gina principal sugira a conex\u00e3o deste sistema de pagamento ao seu site, infelizmente, todos os links para conex\u00e3o n\u00e3o est\u00e3o funcionando. Este nome de dom\u00ednio resolve apenas para 1 endere\u00e7o IP \u2014 190.115.19.74. Este, por sua vez, possui 1475 nomes de dom\u00ednio \u00fanicos que resolvem para este endere\u00e7o IP, entre os quais est\u00e3o nomes como:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ac-pay2day.net<\/li>\n<li>ac-payfit.com<\/li>\n<li>as-manypay.com<\/li>\n<li>fletkass.net<\/li>\n<li>as-magicpay.com<\/li>\n<li>e outros<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Como podemos ver, o Passive DNS permite coletar dados sobre o recurso pesquisado de forma r\u00e1pida e eficaz, e at\u00e9 mesmo construir uma esp\u00e9cie de impress\u00e3o digital, que permite revelar todo um esquema de roubo de dados pessoais, desde a sua obten\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 o prov\u00e1vel local de venda. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DNS passivo nas m\u00e3os do analista\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e06af58c18cdd52e4790047c46768470.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Figura 7. Mapa do sistema investigado<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nem tudo \u00e9 t\u00e3o rosa quanto gostar\u00edamos. Por exemplo, essas investiga\u00e7\u00f5es podem facilmente esbarrar no CloudFlare ou servi\u00e7os similares. E a efic\u00e1cia da base de dados coletada depende muito da quantidade de consultas DNS que passam pelo m\u00f3dulo de coleta de dados do Passive DNS. No entanto, o Passive DNS \u00e9 uma fonte adicional de informa\u00e7\u00f5es para o pesquisador.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Autor: Especialista do Centro Ural de Sistemas de Seguran\u00e7a<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/470974\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d (DNS) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00abussc.ru\u00bb, \u0432 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c DNS \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c DNS \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 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