{"id":39054,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pdu-i-vse-vse-vse-raspredelenie-pitaniya-v-stojke\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:36","slug":"pdu-i-vse-vse-vse-raspredelenie-pitaniya-v-stojke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/pdu-i-vse-vse-vse-raspredelenie-pitaniya-v-stojke","title":{"rendered":"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f9bef79a08830d148713955665b987e6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Uma das racks de virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o interna. Fomos cuidadosos com a indica\u00e7\u00e3o de cores dos cabos: o laranja indica uma entrada de energia \u00edmpar, enquanto o verde indica uma entrada par. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Aqui, falamos frequentemente sobre o 'grande' - chillers, geradores de energia, pain\u00e9is de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica. Hoje, o foco ser\u00e1 nas 'pequenas coisas' - tomadas nas racks, tamb\u00e9m conhecidas como Unidades de Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de Energia (PDU). Em nossos data centers, temos mais de 4 mil racks lotadas de equipamentos de TI, portanto, j\u00e1 vi muitos tipos: PDUs cl\u00e1ssicas, 'inteligentes' - com monitoramento e controle, e blocos de tomadas comuns. Hoje, descreverei os diferentes tipos de PDU e qual \u00e9 a melhor escolha em situa\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Tipos de PDU<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Um bloco simples de tomadas.<\/b> Sim, aquele que todo mundo tem em casa ou no escrit\u00f3rio. <br \/>\nFormalmente, isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 exatamente uma PDU no sentido de uso industrial em racks com equipamentos de TI, mas esses dispositivos t\u00eam seus f\u00e3s. A \u00fanica vantagem dessa solu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o baixo custo (o pre\u00e7o come\u00e7a a partir de 2 mil rublos). Al\u00e9m disso, eles podem ser \u00fateis se voc\u00ea usar racks abertas, onde uma PDU padr\u00e3o n\u00e3o encaixa, e n\u00e3o deseja perder unidades para uma PDU horizontal. Isso volta \u00e0 quest\u00e3o da economia.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1 muitas desvantagens: esses dispositivos nem sempre possuem prote\u00e7\u00e3o interna contra curto-circuitos e sobrecarga, e monitorar os indicadores e, ainda mais, controlar as tomadas, n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel. Na maioria das vezes, eles ser\u00e3o instalados na parte inferior da rack. Essa n\u00e3o \u00e9 a posi\u00e7\u00e3o mais conveniente para conectar o equipamento. <\/p>\n<p>Em geral, 'pilotos' podem ser usados se:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>voc\u00ea tem milhares de servidores e precisa economizar, <\/li>\n<li>voc\u00ea pode se permitir conectar o equipamento \u00e0s cegas, sem entender o que est\u00e1 acontecendo com o consumo real,<\/li>\n<li>est\u00e1 preparado para downtime do equipamento. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00e3o usamos isso, mas temos clientes que praticam isso com bastante sucesso. No entanto, eles constroem a infraestrutura para seus servi\u00e7os de tal forma que a falha de dezenas de servidores n\u00e3o afeta o funcionamento do aplicativo do cliente. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/a065f555adffbdbfc9cf29fcdf4e628c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Barato e eficiente.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/b0de3676bf2ec00134dfe95a276cb6b4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Instala\u00e7\u00e3o vertical.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>'PDU burras'.<\/b> Na verdade, este \u00e9 um PDU cl\u00e1ssico para uso em racks com equipamentos de TI, e isso j\u00e1 \u00e9 bom. Eles t\u00eam um formato adequado para a instala\u00e7\u00e3o nas laterais do rack, permitindo conectar o equipamento de forma conveniente. H\u00e1 prote\u00e7\u00e3o interna. Esses PDUs n\u00e3o possuem monitoramento, o que significa que n\u00e3o saberemos o quanto cada equipamento consome ou o que est\u00e1 acontecendo internamente. Temos quase nenhum desses PDUs restantes, e de modo geral, eles est\u00e3o gradualmente saindo do uso comum.<\/p>\n<p>Esses PDUs custam a partir de 25 mil rublos.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/fb16a6c0008306f4c6818a8a5a3675be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>PDUs \u201cinteligentes\u201d com monitoramento.<\/b> Esses dispositivos t\u00eam \u201cprocessadores\u201d, e s\u00e3o capazes de monitorar os par\u00e2metros de consumo de energia. H\u00e1 um display onde s\u00e3o exibidos os principais indicadores: tens\u00e3o, corrente e pot\u00eancia. Eles podem ser monitorados por grupos separados de tomadas: se\u00e7\u00f5es ou bancos. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel conectar-se remotamente a esse PDU e configurar o envio de dados para um sistema de monitoramento. Eles registram logs, pelos quais \u00e9 poss\u00edvel ver tudo o que aconteceu com ele, por exemplo, quando exatamente o PDU foi desligado.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, eles conseguem calcular o consumo (kW*h) para fins cont\u00e1beis, para entender quanto o rack consome em um determinado per\u00edodo de tempo. <\/p>\n<p>Estes s\u00e3o PDUs padr\u00e3o que oferecemos a nossos clientes para loca\u00e7\u00e3o, e a maioria dos nossos data centers possui esses PDUs.<\/p>\n<p>Se voc\u00ea for comprar, prepare-se para gastar a partir de 75 mil rublos por unidade.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/1525246e5893f9ff3c2b52621adbd467.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/830cec7968a7e6f331d4b2841c276e9d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/5afaacf9bf9a4adb72eae7ec6889c072.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Gr\u00e1fico do nosso monitoramento interno de PDUs.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>PDUs \u201cinteligentes\u201d com controle.<\/b> Al\u00e9m das funcionalidades descritas acima, esses PDUs t\u00eam controle. Os PDUs mais avan\u00e7ados gerenciam e monitoram cada tomada: \u00e9 poss\u00edvel ligar\/desligar, o que \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio em situa\u00e7\u00f5es em que \u00e9 preciso reiniciar um servidor remotamente por energia. Essa \u00e9 a beleza e o perigo desses PDUs: um usu\u00e1rio comum, por desconhecimento, pode acessar a interface web, clicar em algo e desligar\/reiniciar todo o sistema de uma vez. Sim, o sistema avisar\u00e1 duas vezes sobre as consequ\u00eancias, mas a pr\u00e1tica mostra que at\u00e9 os alarmes nem sempre protegem contra a\u00e7\u00f5es impensadas dos usu\u00e1rios. <\/p>\n<p>Um grande problema dos PDUs \u201cinteligentes\u201d \u00e9 o superaquecimento e a falha do controlador e do display. Os PDUs s\u00e3o geralmente instalados na parte traseira do rack, onde o ar quente \u00e9 expelido. \u00c9 um local quente, e os controladores n\u00e3o suportam. Contudo, n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio trocar o PDU inteiro; o controlador pode ser substitu\u00eddo em opera\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n<p>Bem, quanto ao custo, est\u00e1 bem salgado \u2013 a partir de 120 mil rublos.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e60a0801cc84efecbce8a462648dd122.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Voc\u00ea pode verificar a PDU com gerenciamento pela indica\u00e7\u00e3o sob cada tomada.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Na minha opini\u00e3o, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de gerenciamento em uma PDU \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o de gosto, mas a monitora\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 essencial. Caso contr\u00e1rio, n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel acompanhar o consumo e a carga. Por que isso \u00e9 importante, explicarei mais adiante. <\/p>\n<h3>Como calcular a pot\u00eancia necess\u00e1ria da PDU?<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00c0 primeira vista, parece simples: a pot\u00eancia da PDU deve corresponder \u00e0 pot\u00eancia do rack, mas h\u00e1 nuances. Suponha que voc\u00ea precise de um rack de 10 kW. Os fabricantes de PDU oferecem modelos de 3, 7, 11 e 22 kW. Voc\u00ea escolhe 11 kW, e, infelizmente, estar\u00e1 errado. Precisamos escolher 22 kW. Por que precisamos de uma margem t\u00e3o grande? Agora vou explicar.<\/p>\n<p>Em primeiro lugar, os fabricantes frequentemente indicam a pot\u00eancia da PDU em quilowatts, e n\u00e3o em quilovolts-amperes, que \u00e9 mais correto, mas n\u00e3o \u00f3bvio para o leigo.<br \/>\n\u00c0s vezes, os pr\u00f3prios fabricantes criam confus\u00e3o adicional:<\/p>\n<p>Aqui primeiro fala-se sobre 11 kW,<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/d9f76cadc92a2586358c6a011fc53db2.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nE na descri\u00e7\u00e3o detalhada j\u00e1 se menciona 11000 VA:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/8c314e7b707d62d7b757787e0f66459f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSe voc\u00ea est\u00e1 lidando com chaleiras e consumidores semelhantes, n\u00e3o haver\u00e1 diferen\u00e7a entre kW e kVA. Um rack de 10 kW com chaleiras consumir\u00e1 10 kVA. Mas se tivermos equipamentos de TI, aparecer\u00e1 um coeficiente (cos \u03c6): quanto mais novo o equipamento, mais pr\u00f3ximo esse coeficiente estar\u00e1 de 1. Em m\u00e9dia, para equipamentos de TI, pode-se considerar 0,93\u20130,95. Portanto, um rack de 10 kW com TI consumir\u00e1 10,7 kVA. Aqui est\u00e1 a f\u00f3rmula pela qual obtivemos 10,7 kVA.<\/p>\n<p><i>Pp = Pact.\/Cos(\u03c6)<br \/>\n10\/0.93=10.7 kVA<\/i><\/p>\n<p>E voc\u00ea pode levantar a quest\u00e3o, 10,7 \u2013 isso \u00e9 menos de 11. Por que precisamos de uma PDU de 22 kW? H\u00e1 um segundo ponto: o n\u00edvel de consumo de energia dos equipamentos varia dependendo do hor\u00e1rio do dia e do dia da semana. Ao distribuir a alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, isso deve ser levado em conta, e deve-se incluir cerca de 10% para varia\u00e7\u00f5es e picos, para que, no momento de aumento do consumo, a PDU n\u00e3o entre em sobrecarga e n\u00e3o deixe os equipamentos sem alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e45b43aeb146aaabfd5915e35a959731.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Gr\u00e1fico do consumo do rack de 10 kW ao longo de 4 dias.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Portanto, ao que temos de 10,7 kW devemos adicionar mais 10%, e no final a PDU de 11 kW j\u00e1 n\u00e3o nos serve.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<td>Modelo de PDU\n<\/td>\n<td>Fases\n<\/td>\n<td>Pot\u00eancia do fabricante, kVA\n<\/td>\n<td>Pot\u00eancia DtLN, kW\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.se.com\/ru\/ru\/product\/AP8858_APC\/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BF-2g%2C-%D1%81-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C-0u%2C-20%C2%A0a-208%C2%A0%D0%B2%2C-16%C2%A0a-230%C2%A0%D0%B2%2C-%2818%29-c13-%D0%B8-%282%29-c19\/?range=61795-%25d0%25b8%25d0%25b7%25d0%25bc%25d0%25b5%25d1%2580%25d0%25b8%25d1%2582%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bb%25d1%258c%25d0%25bd%25d1%258b%25d0%25b5-%25d0%25b1%25d1%2580%25d0%25bf-%25d1%2581%25d1%2582%25d0%25be%25d0%25b5%25d1%2587%25d0%25bd%25d0%25be%25d0%25b3%25d0%25be-%25d0%25b8%25d1%2581%25d0%25bf%25d0%25be%25d0%25bb%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b8%25d1%258f&amp;filter=business-3-%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;parent-category-id=7400&amp;parent-subcategory-id=7410\">AP8858<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/td>\n<td>1 f\n<\/td>\n<td>3,7\n<\/td>\n<td>3\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.se.com\/ru\/ru\/product\/AP8853_APC\/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BF-2g%2C-%D1%81-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C-0u%2C-32%C2%A0a%2C-230%C2%A0%D0%B2%2C-%2836%29-c13-%D0%B8-%286%29-c19\/?range=61795-%25d0%25b8%25d0%25b7%25d0%25bc%25d0%25b5%25d1%2580%25d0%25b8%25d1%2582%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bb%25d1%258c%25d0%25bd%25d1%258b%25d0%25b5-%25d0%25b1%25d1%2580%25d0%25bf-%25d1%2581%25d1%2582%25d0%25be%25d0%25b5%25d1%2587%25d0%25bd%25d0%25be%25d0%25b3%25d0%25be-%25d0%25b8%25d1%2581%25d0%25bf%25d0%25be%25d0%25bb%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b8%25d1%258f&amp;filter=business-3-%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;parent-category-id=7400&amp;parent-subcategory-id=7410\">AP8853<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/td>\n<td>1 f\n<\/td>\n<td>7,4\n<\/td>\n<td>6\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.se.com\/ru\/ru\/product\/AP8881_APC\/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BF-2g%2C-%D1%81-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C-0u%2C-11%C2%A0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%82%2C-230%C2%A0%D0%B2%2C-%2836%29-c13-%D0%B8-%286%29-c19\/?range=61795-%25d0%25b8%25d0%25b7%25d0%25bc%25d0%25b5%25d1%2580%25d0%25b8%25d1%2582%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bb%25d1%258c%25d0%25bd%25d1%258b%25d0%25b5-%25d0%25b1%25d1%2580%25d0%25bf-%25d1%2581%25d1%2582%25d0%25be%25d0%25b5%25d1%2587%25d0%25bd%25d0%25be%25d0%25b3%25d0%25be-%25d0%25b8%25d1%2581%25d0%25bf%25d0%25be%25d0%25bb%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b8%25d1%258f&amp;filter=business-3-%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;parent-category-id=7400&amp;parent-subcategory-id=7410\">AP8881<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/td>\n<td>3 f\n<\/td>\n<td>11\n<\/td>\n<td>9\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.se.com\/ru\/ru\/product\/AP8886_APC\/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BF-2g%2C-%D1%81-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C-0u%2C-22%2C0%C2%A0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%82-%2832%C2%A0%D0%B0%29%2C-17%2C3%C2%A0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%82-%2824%C2%A0%D0%B0%29%2C-230%C2%A0%D0%B2%2C-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%3A-%2830%29-c13-%D0%B8-%2812%29-c19\/?range=61795-%25d0%25b8%25d0%25b7%25d0%25bc%25d0%25b5%25d1%2580%25d0%25b8%25d1%2582%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bb%25d1%258c%25d0%25bd%25d1%258b%25d0%25b5-%25d0%25b1%25d1%2580%25d0%25bf-%25d1%2581%25d1%2582%25d0%25be%25d0%25b5%25d1%2587%25d0%25bd%25d0%25be%25d0%25b3%25d0%25be-%25d0%25b8%25d1%2581%25d0%25bf%25d0%25be%25d0%25bb%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b8%25d1%258f&amp;filter=business-3-%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;parent-category-id=7400&amp;parent-subcategory-id=7410\">AP8886<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/td>\n<td>3 f\n<\/td>\n<td>22\n<\/td>\n<td>18\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n<i>Fragmento da tabela de pot\u00eancia de modelos espec\u00edficos de PDU de acordo com a vers\u00e3o da DataLine. Levando em conta a convers\u00e3o de kVA para kW e a margem para picos ao longo do dia.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Caracter\u00edsticas da instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00c9 mais conveniente trabalhar com PDU quando ela est\u00e1 montada verticalmente, \u00e0 esquerda e \u00e0 direita do rack. Nesse caso, ela n\u00e3o ocupa espa\u00e7o \u00fatil. At\u00e9 quatro PDUs podem ser instalados no rack - duas \u00e0 esquerda e duas \u00e0 direita. Na maioria das vezes, coloca-se uma PDU de cada lado. Cada PDU recebe uma entrada de energia. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e180fb9d97ebecdb9abdeaf3cd4e3f36.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>O \u201cequipamento\u201d padr\u00e3o do rack \u00e9 2 PDUs e 1 AVR.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0s vezes, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 espa\u00e7o no rack para PDUs verticais, por exemplo, se for um rack aberto. Nesse caso, as PDUs horizontais v\u00eam em ajuda. A \u00fanica desvantagem \u00e9 que, nesse caso, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio lidar com a perda de 2 a 4 unidades no rack, dependendo do modelo da PDU. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/5078ae5ea5c3d66b58648b9ba7ed0ee6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Aqui, a PDU ocupou 4 unidades. Esse tipo de PDU tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 utilizado quando \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio separar dois clientes em um \u00fanico rack. Nesse caso, cada cliente ter\u00e1 um par de PDUs separado.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1 momentos em que o rack escolhido n\u00e3o \u00e9 profundo o suficiente, e o servidor se projeta, obstruindo a PDU. Aqui, o mais triste n\u00e3o \u00e9 que parte das tomadas ficar\u00e1 ociosa, mas sim que, se essa PDU quebrar, ter\u00e1 que ser enterrada diretamente no rack, ou ent\u00e3o desligar e remover todo o equipamento que estiver bloqueando. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/5883f751e1fcbfae7e6f6991b7fc1272.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>N\u00e3o fa\u00e7a assim - 1.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"PDU e tudo mais: distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no rack\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2cebf71685e3bd9be3a8805bc482047a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>N\u00e3o fa\u00e7a assim - 2.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Conex\u00e3o de equipamentos<\/h3>\n<p>\nAt\u00e9 mesmo a PDU mais avan\u00e7ada n\u00e3o ajudar\u00e1 se os equipamentos estiverem conectados incorretamente e n\u00e3o houver possibilidade de monitorar o consumo. <\/p>\n<p>O que pode dar errado? Um pouco <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/310356\/\">de base t\u00e9cnica<\/a><\/noindex>. Para cada rack, h\u00e1 duas entradas de energia, e em um rack padr\u00e3o, h\u00e1 duas PDUs. Isso significa que cada PDU tem sua pr\u00f3pria entrada. Se algo acontecer com uma das entradas (leia-se PDU), o rack continuar\u00e1 funcionando com a segunda. Para que esse esquema funcione, algumas regras devem ser seguidas. Aqui est\u00e3o as principais (a lista completa voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/193914\/\">aqui<\/a><\/noindex>):<\/p>\n<p><b>Os equipamentos devem ser conectados a PDUs diferentes. <\/b>Se o equipamento tiver uma fonte de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e um plugue, ele \u00e9 conectado \u00e0 PDU atrav\u00e9s do AVR (dispositivo de transfer\u00eancia autom\u00e1tica de reserva) ou ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch). Em caso de falhas em uma das entradas ou na pr\u00f3pria PDU, o AVR alterna o equipamento para a PDU\/entrada funcional. O equipamento n\u00e3o perceber\u00e1 nada.<\/p>\n<p><b>Carga emparelhada nas duas entradas\/PDU.<\/b> A entrada de reserva s\u00f3 salvar\u00e1 se aguentar a carga da entrada que falhou. Para isso, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio deixar uma margem: carregar cada entrada com menos da metade da pot\u00eancia nominal, e a carga total nas duas entradas deve ser inferior a 100% do nominal. Somente assim, a entrada restante suportar\u00e1 a carga dupla. Se n\u00e3o for assim, o recurso de mudar para a reserva n\u00e3o funcionar\u00e1 \u2014 o equipamento ficar\u00e1 sem energia. Para evitar o pior, n\u00f3s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/324610\/\">monitoramos<\/a><\/noindex> este par\u00e2metro. <\/p>\n<p><b>Balanceamento de carga entre se\u00e7\u00f5es do PDU.<\/b> As tomadas do PDU s\u00e3o agrupadas em se\u00e7\u00f5es \u2014 normalmente de 2 ou 3. Cada se\u00e7\u00e3o tem seu pr\u00f3prio limite de pot\u00eancia. \u00c9 importante n\u00e3o exced\u00ea-lo e distribuir uniformemente a carga por todas as se\u00e7\u00f5es. E aqui tamb\u00e9m se aplica a hist\u00f3ria das cargas pareadas, mencionada anteriormente.<\/p>\n<p><b>Para resumir<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sempre que poss\u00edvel, escolha um PDU com fun\u00e7\u00e3o de monitoramento.<\/li>\n<li>Ao escolher um modelo de PDU, deixe uma margem de pot\u00eancia.<\/li>\n<li>Instale o PDU de modo que seja poss\u00edvel substitu\u00ed-lo sem perturbar o equipamento de TI.<\/li>\n<li>Conecte corretamente: ligue o equipamento a dois PDUs, n\u00e3o sobrecarregue as se\u00e7\u00f5es e lembre-se das cargas pareadas. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/471876\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2013 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u041c\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u201c\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044f\u043a\u201d \u2013 \u0447\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0414\u0413\u0423, \u0413\u0420\u0429. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u201c\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0445\u201d \u2013 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0435 Power Distribution Unit (PDU). \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 4 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043a, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0418\u0422-\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/pdu-i-vse-vse-vse-raspredelenie-pitaniya-v-stojke\" 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