{"id":39604,"date":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","slug":"backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"A vulnerabilidade Backport no RouterOS coloca em risco centenas de milhares de dispositivos","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"A
\n
\nA possibilidade de downgrade remoto de dispositivos baseados em RouterOS (Mikrotik) compromete centenas de milhares de dispositivos de rede. A vulnerabilidade est\u00e1 relacionada ao envenenamento do cache DNS do protocolo Winbox e permite carregar um firmware desatualizado (com reset da senha para o \"padr\u00e3o\") ou modificado no dispositivo.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"A
\n<\/p>\n

Detalhes da vulnerabilidade<\/h3>\n

\nO terminal RouterOS suporta um comando de resolu\u00e7\u00e3o para busca DNS.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n
\nEssa solicita\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 processada por um arquivo bin\u00e1rio chamado resolver. O resolver \u00e9 um dos muitos arquivos bin\u00e1rios conectados ao protocolo Winbox do RouterOS. Em um n\u00edvel alto, as \"mensagens\" enviadas para a porta Winbox podem ser roteadas para v\u00e1rios arquivos bin\u00e1rios no RouterOS com base em um esquema de numera\u00e7\u00e3o baseado em array.<\/p>\n

Por padr\u00e3o, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de servidor DNS est\u00e1 desativada no RouterOS.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n
\nNo entanto, mesmo com a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de servidor desativada, o roteador mant\u00e9m seu pr\u00f3prio cache DNS.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n
\nQuando fazemos uma solicita\u00e7\u00e3o usando winbox_dns_request, por exemplo, example.com, o roteador ir\u00e1 armazenar o resultado em cache.<\/p>\n

\"A
\n
\nComo podemos especificar o servidor DNS atrav\u00e9s do qual a solicita\u00e7\u00e3o deve passar, inserir endere\u00e7os incorretos \u00e9 trivial. Por exemplo, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel configurar uma implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do servidor DNS de Philipp Klaus<\/a><\/noindex>, para sempre responder com um registro A contendo o endere\u00e7o IP 192.168.88.250.<\/p>\n

def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Resposta:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAgora, se procurarmos example.com atrav\u00e9s do Winbox, podemos ver que o cache DNS do roteador foi envenenado.<\/p>\n
\"A
\n
\nClaro, o envenenamento de example.com n\u00e3o \u00e9 muito \u00fatil, j\u00e1 que o roteador, de fato, n\u00e3o o utilizar\u00e1. No entanto, o roteador precisa acessar upgrade.mikrotik.com, cloud.mikrotik.com, cloud2.mikrotik.com e download.mikrotik.com. E devido a mais um erro, h\u00e1 a possibilidade de envenen\u00e1-los todos ao mesmo tempo.<\/p>\n
def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"upgrade.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud2.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"download.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Resposta:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nO roteador solicita uma permiss\u00e3o e n\u00f3s fornecemos cinco de volta. O roteador est\u00e1 armazenando em cache todas essas respostas de forma incorreta.<\/p>\n
\"A
\n
\n\u00c9 \u00f3bvio que este ataque tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 \u00fatil se o roteador atua como servidor DNS, pois permite atacar os clientes do roteador.<\/p>\n
Al\u00e9m disso, este ataque permite explorar uma vulnerabilidade mais s\u00e9ria: realizar um downgrade ou um backport da vers\u00e3o do RouterOS. O atacante recria a l\u00f3gica do servidor de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, incluindo o changelog, e faz com que o RouterOS perceba uma vers\u00e3o antiga (vulner\u00e1vel) como atual. O perigo aqui \u00e9 que ao \"atualizar\" a vers\u00e3o, a senha do administrador \u00e9 redefinida para o valor \"padr\u00e3o\" \u2014 o invasor pode acessar o sistema com uma senha em branco!<\/p>\n
\r\n        \"Por\r\n        
<\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>
\nO ataque \u00e9 totalmente funcional, apesar de que o autor<\/a><\/noindex> implementa mais alguns vetores, incluindo a inser\u00e7\u00e3o de um backdoor no firmware<\/a><\/noindex>, mas isso j\u00e1 \u00e9 uma t\u00e9cnica excessiva e sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o para fins ileg\u00edtimos \u00e9 ilegal.<\/p>\n
Protecci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n
\nDesativar o Winbox simples protege contra esses ataques. Apesar da conveni\u00eancia de administra\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do Winbox, \u00e9 melhor usar o protocolo SSH.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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Resolver \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Backport da vulnerabilidade no RouterOS coloca em risco centenas de milhares de dispositivos | 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