{"id":52139,"date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:48","slug":"mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","title":{"rendered":"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Em agosto de 2019, na R\u00fassia, foi realizado pela primeira vez no mundo (sim, \u00e9 verdade) um projeto comercial de backup sem fio de um cabo \u00f3ptico de backbone com capacidade de 40 Gbit\/s. O operador 'Edinstvo', uma subsidi\u00e1ria da Norilsk Nickel, criou um canal sem fio de 11 quil\u00f4metros atrav\u00e9s do Yenisei. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/954e0d901d0ab0651bb3b8860820669f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPeriodicament\u0435, na imprensa, incluindo o Habr, aparecem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">notas sobre recordes mundiais de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o sem fio<\/a><\/noindex>. Elas s\u00e3o interessantes do ponto de vista do progresso tecnol\u00f3gico, mas sempre se tratam de testes de pesquisa. Aqui temos um projeto comercial real, e n\u00e3o nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es do Vale do Sil\u00edcio ou de uma universidade europeia, mas diretamente na taiga do C\u00edrculo Polar. Para nossa surpresa, \u00e9 exatamente um pa\u00eds t\u00e3o vasto, com condi\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas e clim\u00e1ticas complexas, que cria as condi\u00e7\u00f5es para projetos que superam os melhores laborat\u00f3rios de pesquisa.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Cronologia dos \u00faltimos recordes de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o sem fio:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Maio de 2013<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2013-05-gbits-ghz-world-wireless-transmission.html\">40 Gbit\/s a 1 km<\/a><\/noindex> em uma frequ\u00eancia experimental de 240 GHz como um experimento conjunto de cientistas do Instituto de Tecnologia de Karlsruhe, da Radiometer Physics GmbH e do Instituto Fraunhofer de F\u00edsica Aplicada de Materiais S\u00f3lidos. A frequ\u00eancia do sinal n\u00e3o est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel para uso comercial.<\/li>\n<li><b>Maio de 2016<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">6 Gbit\/s a 37 km<\/a><\/noindex> na faixa de 70\/80 GHz, a mesma equipe, mas como um novo experimento em frequ\u00eancias destinadas a projetos comerciais.<\/li>\n<li><b>Novembro de 2016<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/\">20 Gbit\/s a 13 km<\/a><\/noindex>, centro de pesquisa do Facebook Connectivity Lab,<\/li>\n<li><b>Janeiro de 2019<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/en\/press-releases\/2019\/1\/deutsche-telekom-and-ericsson-achieve-fiber-like-results-with-wireless-backhaul\">40 Gbit\/s a 1,4 km<\/a><\/noindex>, campo de teste da Deutsche Telekom com equipamentos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o da Ericsson; em maio de 2019, a amplia\u00e7\u00e3o dos mesmos links no mesmo campo j\u00e1 levou a cerca de 100 Gbit\/s.<\/li>\n<li><b>Agosto de 2019<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lenta.ru\/news\/2019\/08\/21\/wireless\/\">40 Gbit\/s a 11 km<\/a><\/noindex>, o operador de Norilsk 'Edinstvo' com equipamentos em s\u00e9rie da LLC 'DOK' (S\u00e3o Petersburgo).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNa verdade, n\u00e3o haveria nenhum recorde de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o sem fio nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es do C\u00edrculo Polar \u00c1rtico se n\u00e3o fosse pela deriva de gelo no Yenisei. A hist\u00f3ria do projeto \u00e9 a seguinte: em 2017, depois que os operadores da 'grande tr\u00edade' se recusaram a desenvolver a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o na dire\u00e7\u00e3o de Tajmyr, a corporadora PAO 'GMK Norilsk Nickel' construiu, com recursos pr\u00f3prios, uma vasta rede de fibra \u00f3ptica (WOLC) de 956 km de extens\u00e3o de Novo Urengoy a Norilsk, com capacidade de 40 Gbps. Este \u00e9 um trajeto realmente complexo, passando por terrenos de dif\u00edcil acesso, e seus construtores receberam pr\u00eamios do governo por esse trabalho.<\/p>\n<p>Um dos problemas durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o foi que a passagem do cabo WOLC de 40 Gbps pelo Yenisei, na aus\u00eancia de pontes, foi resolvida ao ser colocada no fundo do rio, com a adi\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rios cabos para garantir a seguran\u00e7a. No entanto, a deriva de gelo facilmente danifica a fibra \u00f3ptica. Al\u00e9m disso, a deriva de gelo no Yenisei n\u00e3o \u00e9 um evento de um \u00fanico dia, e nenhum trabalho de reparo na \u00e1gua \u00e9 permitido durante todo esse per\u00edodo devido ao alto risco para as pessoas. <\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m dos cabos adicionais no fundo do Yenisei, a rota foi respaldada por um canal de micro-ondas sem fio de 1 Gbps a partir de torres de telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es em cada lado do rio, em Igarka e na aldeia de Priluki (este canal de r\u00e1dio \u00e9 vis\u00edvel na foto acima \u2014 uma grande antena). Mas o que \u00e9 1 Gbps para garantir toda a \u00e1rea industrial de Norilsk em caso de dano \u00e0 fibra \u2026 \u2014 \u00e9 como l\u00e1grimas. Portanto, no per\u00edodo de outono e inverno de 2018-2019, o operador de Norilsk 'Edinstvo', que faz parte da PAO 'GMK Norilsk Nickel', iniciou trabalhos de projeto para construir um canal sem fio atrav\u00e9s do Yenisei com uma capacidade equivalente \u00e0 da rede WOLC. <\/p>\n<p>Para surpresa dos especialistas da \"Eedinstvo\", nenhum dos grandes nomes das telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es globais aceitou as propostas para a fornecimento de equipamentos para um canal sem fio de 40 gigabits a uma dist\u00e2ncia de 11 km. O desafio reside exatamente na combina\u00e7\u00e3o complexa de alta capacidade do canal e da dist\u00e2ncia. Equipamentos de s\u00e9rie modernos com capacidade de 10 Gbit\/s ou mais para a faixa de 70\/80 GHz possuem a particularidade de ter uma dist\u00e2ncia bastante limitada. Isso ocorre porque, com esquemas de codifica\u00e7\u00e3o complexos como QAM128 ou QAM256 \u2014 e apenas estes podem fornecer largura de banda de 10 Gbit\/s ou mais \u2014 \u00e9 dif\u00edcil garantir uma pot\u00eancia de transmissor significativa. Percursos de 3-5 km s\u00e3o f\u00e1ceis, mas em 11 km a atenua\u00e7\u00e3o do sinal se torna excessivamente alta e nenhuma conex\u00e3o no padr\u00e3o 10GE pode ser estabelecida. <\/p>\n<p>A chamada foi atendida por um desenvolvedor nacional de S\u00e3o Petersburgo \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/dokltd.ru\/\">a empresa DOK<\/a><\/noindex>. Eles j\u00e1 tinham desenvolvido pontes de r\u00e1dio que garantiam a dist\u00e2ncia necess\u00e1ria. Antes deste projeto, testaram um canal de 40 Gbit\/s com 4 pontes de r\u00e1dio trabalhando em conjunto, com 10 Gbit\/s cada, em seu campo de teste de 4 km, e estavam confiantes de que era poss\u00edvel alcan\u00e7ar tal capacidade. Mas, na pr\u00e1tica, ningu\u00e9m na ind\u00fastria de telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es jamais havia tentado conectar 4 pontes de r\u00e1dio operando em paralelo de 10 Gbit\/s a uma dist\u00e2ncia de 11 km. <\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/10bbb57f000d215286e2172169977f33.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAp\u00f3s receber recusas das marcas globais, o cliente, representado pela LLC \"Eedinstvo\", tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o estava seguro de que o equipamento nacional conseguiria lidar com o projeto. Portanto, foi decidido inicialmente instalar, como etapa piloto, apenas uma ponte de r\u00e1dio de 10 Gbit\/s a 11 km. E se ela se mostrasse eficaz, ent\u00e3o ampliar a tarefa para 4 pontes de r\u00e1dio operando em paralelo. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/8d572ba46bf36102132fc8eab4500803.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/66cf9992fddb577bfb58436196b372e9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/da5e4d133a67bca0b57b7c9acdb39438.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Do ponto de vista t\u00e9cnico, n\u00e3o \u00e9 absolutamente necess\u00e1rio transmitir 40 Gbit\/s em um \u00fanico canal, seja por meio de r\u00e1dio ou de cabos \u00f3ticos. \u00c9 muito mais simples transmitir dados atrav\u00e9s de v\u00e1rias \"linhas\" paralelas de 10 Gbit\/s. Equipamentos de rede padr\u00e3o 10GE s\u00e3o mais baratos e mais acess\u00edveis do que comutadores padr\u00e3o 40GE. Al\u00e9m disso, as linhas paralelas conferem maior confiabilidade a todo o canal. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nMas havia um problema: ao contr\u00e1rio do cabo \u00f3ptico, onde o sinal em fibras paralelas n\u00e3o interfere umas nas outras, os canais de r\u00e1dio enfrentam interfer\u00eancias m\u00fatua que podem levar \u00e0 falha total de conex\u00e3o. Isso \u00e9 combatido usando diferentes polariza\u00e7\u00f5es do sinal e separando os sinais por frequ\u00eancia. No entanto, isso \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil de dizer do que de implementar \"na pr\u00e1tica\". Os engenheiros de S\u00e3o Petersburgo desenvolveram circuitos em grandes microchips de micro-ondas (MMIC, Circuito Integrado de Micro-ondas Monol\u00edtico) baseados em arsenieto de g\u00e1lio e estavam confiantes em sua solu\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica.<\/p>\n<p>\"Os modernos pontes de r\u00e1dio padr\u00e3o 10GE s\u00e3o produzidos em todo o mundo com microchips de micro-ondas comprados. Neste setor, \u00e9 ineficaz realizar um desenvolvimento verticalmente integrado, onde todos os processos tecnol\u00f3gicos s\u00e3o realizados em uma \u00fanica empresa \u2014 desde a deposi\u00e7\u00e3o de chips de micro-ondas at\u00e9 a montagem dos componentes em um produto final. \u00c9 semelhante a v\u00e1rias empresas que fazem placas de computador com chips da Intel e AMD. No entanto, ao contr\u00e1rio das placas de PC em massa, a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de chips de micro-ondas, a amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o subsequente do sinal e a transmiss\u00e3o para a antena requerem uma expertise especial, e esse \u00e9, na verdade, o cerne do Know-How das empresas\", comentou Valery Salom\u00e1tov, gerente de projetos da LLC \"DOK\".<\/p>\n<p>A ponte de r\u00e1dio 10 Gbit\/s modelo PPC-10G-E-HP operou com sucesso em torres ao longo das margens do rio Yenisei por alguns meses (maio-junho de 2019). As chuvas de ver\u00e3o s\u00e3o o per\u00edodo mais dif\u00edcil para comunica\u00e7\u00e3o de r\u00e1dio na faixa milim\u00e9trica, pois as gotas de chuva s\u00e3o compar\u00e1veis ao comprimento de onda (cerca de 4 mm), o que causa atenua\u00e7\u00e3o do sinal. No inverno, esse problema n\u00e3o ocorre, pois flocos de neve, assim como n\u00e9voa e fuma\u00e7a, s\u00e3o r\u00e1dio transparentes para a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o sem fio na faixa de 70\/80 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9da8e10aab4d2e6c173fbc1b4986c0bc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Recorde mundial de transmiss\u00e3o de dados sem fio: 40 Gbps a 11 quil\u00f4metros\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9cda146d363d534a1b93551a500a4fab.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nA ponte de r\u00e1dio de 10 Gbit\/s da LLC \"DOK\" enfrentou as condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas e as dist\u00e2ncias, levando a operadora \"Edinstvo\" a decidir expandir para 4 canais sem fio paralelos com capacidade de 10GE cada, com base em estat\u00edsticas de disponibilidade da linha. A instala\u00e7\u00e3o foi realizada por especialistas da empresa \"Edinstvo\", que entenderam por conta pr\u00f3pria as nuances da configura\u00e7\u00e3o seguindo as instru\u00e7\u00f5es do equipamento. No final de julho de 2019, a ponte de r\u00e1dio <br \/>\n40 Gbit\/s (4x 10 Gbit\/s) atrav\u00e9s do Yenisei foi colocada em opera\u00e7\u00e3o industrial na presen\u00e7a da equipe de instala\u00e7\u00e3o da empresa \"DOK\".<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/467753\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 (\u0414\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430) \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 40 \u0413\u0431\u0438\u0442\/\u0441. \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u00ab\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00bb, \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 11-\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0415\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. 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