{"id":53426,"date":"2019-12-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-30T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/izbavlyaemsya-ot-nazojlivyh-preduprezhdenij-pri-vhode-na-terminalnyj-server"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:20","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:20","slug":"izbavlyaemsya-ot-nazojlivyh-preduprezhdenij-pri-vhode-na-terminalnyj-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/izbavlyaemsya-ot-nazojlivyh-preduprezhdenij-pri-vhode-na-terminalnyj-server","title":{"rendered":"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a182e9a14dd338ec2bf07965a0dad13d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Recentemente, implementamos uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o em um servidor terminal Windows. Como \u00e9 de praxe, criamos atalhos na \u00e1rea de trabalho dos funcion\u00e1rios para conex\u00e3o e dissemos \u2014 trabalhem. Mas os usu\u00e1rios ficaram alarmados em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Ciberseguran\u00e7a. Ao se conectar ao servidor, ao ver mensagens como: \"Voc\u00ea confia neste servidor? Tem certeza?\", ficavam assustados e nos procuravam \u2014 se estava tudo bem, podiam clicar em OK? Foi ent\u00e3o que decidimos tornar tudo mais bonito, para que n\u00e3o houvesse mais perguntas ou p\u00e2nico.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se os seus usu\u00e1rios ainda v\u00eam at\u00e9 voc\u00ea com esses medos, e voc\u00ea est\u00e1 cansado de marcar a op\u00e7\u00e3o \"N\u00e3o perguntar novamente\" \u2014 sinta-se \u00e0 vontade para continuar.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"shag-nulevoy-podgotovka-i-voprosy-doveriya\">Passo zero. Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o e quest\u00f5es de confian\u00e7a<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ent\u00e3o, nosso usu\u00e1rio clica no arquivo salvo com a extens\u00e3o .rdp e recebe um pedido como este:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ef950dc0f7f236f0be70ed64101d8a09.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>\"Conex\u00e3o maliciosa\"<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para eliminar essa janela, utilizamos uma ferramenta chamada <strong>RDPSign.exe. <\/strong>A documenta\u00e7\u00e3o completa est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel, como de costume, no <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/ru-ru\/windows-server\/administration\/windows-commands\/rdpsign\">site oficial<\/a><\/noindex>, e vamos analisar um exemplo de uso.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para come\u00e7ar, precisamos obter um certificado para assinar o arquivo. Ele pode ser:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u00fablico.<\/li>\n<li>Emitido por um servi\u00e7o interno de Autoridade Certificadora.<\/li>\n<li>Completamente autoassinado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O mais importante \u00e9 que o certificado tenha a capacidade de assinar (sim, pode-se obter<br \/>\nde contadores a assinatura digital), e os PCs clientes confiem nele. Aqui, vou usar um certificado autoassinado. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Lembro que a confian\u00e7a em um certificado autoassinado pode ser organizada por meio de pol\u00edticas de grupo. Mais detalhes \u2014 abaixo do spoiler.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Como tornar o certificado confi\u00e1vel usando a m\u00e1gica do GPO<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Primeiro, deve-se obter o certificado existente sem a chave privada no formato .cer (isso pode ser feito exportando o certificado da ferramenta \"Certificados\") e coloc\u00e1-lo em uma pasta de rede acess\u00edvel aos usu\u00e1rios para leitura. Depois, voc\u00ea pode configurar a pol\u00edtica de grupo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A importa\u00e7\u00e3o do certificado \u00e9 configurada na se\u00e7\u00e3o: Configura\u00e7\u00e3o do computador \u2014 Pol\u00edticas \u2014 Configura\u00e7\u00e3o do Windows \u2014 Configura\u00e7\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a \u2014 Pol\u00edticas de chave p\u00fablica \u2014 Centros de certifica\u00e7\u00e3o raiz confi\u00e1veis. Depois, clicamos com o bot\u00e3o direito do mouse para importar o certificado.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d83748f7dd37fa4b55bb742e908da390.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Pol\u00edtica configurada.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Agora, os PCs clientes confiar\u00e3o no certificado autoassinado.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se os problemas de confian\u00e7a foram resolvidos, passamos diretamente \u00e0 quest\u00e3o da assinatura.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"shag-pervyy-razmashisto-podpisyvaem-fayl\">Passo um. Assinamos o arquivo com confian\u00e7a.<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O certificado est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel, agora precisamos saber o seu hash. Vamos abri-lo na ferramenta 'Certificados' e copi\u00e1-lo na aba 'Detalhes'.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/40a75c3de255c15685e898eb31e1a3ee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>O hash que precisamos.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 melhor j\u00e1 format\u00e1-lo adequadamente \u2014 apenas letras mai\u00fasculas e sem espa\u00e7os, se houver. Isso pode ser feito facilmente no console PowerShell com o comando:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">(\"6B142D74CA7EB9F3D34A2FE16D1B949839DBA8FA\").ToUpper().Replace(\" \",\"\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Com o hash no formato correto, podemos assinar o arquivo rdp sem problemas:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">rdpsign.exe \/sha256 6B142D74CA7EB9F3D34A2FE16D1B949839DBA8FA .contoso.rdp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Onde .contoso.rdp \u00e9 o caminho absoluto ou relativo para o nosso arquivo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Depois que o arquivo foi assinado, n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel alterar parte das configura\u00e7\u00f5es atrav\u00e9s da interface gr\u00e1fica, como o nome do servidor (de fato, caso contr\u00e1rio, qual \u00e9 o sentido de assinar?). E se alterarmos as configura\u00e7\u00f5es com um editor de texto, a assinatura ser\u00e1 inv\u00e1lida.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Agora, ao clicar duas vezes no atalho, a mensagem ser\u00e1 diferente:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a58ce07c889ce6afa1b1f26ff5f1999a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Nova mensagem. A cor \u00e9 menos alarmante, j\u00e1 \u00e9 um progresso.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vamos nos livrar disso tamb\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"shag-vtoroy-i-snova-voprosy-doveriya\">Passo dois. Novamente quest\u00f5es de confian\u00e7a.<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para nos livrarmos dessa mensagem, precisaremos novamente de uma pol\u00edtica de grupo. Desta vez, o caminho \u00e9: Configura\u00e7\u00e3o do Computador \u2014 Pol\u00edticas \u2014 Modelos Administrativos \u2014 Componentes do Windows \u2014 Servi\u00e7os de \u00c1rea de Trabalho Remota \u2014 Cliente de Conex\u00e3o de \u00c1rea de Trabalho Remota \u2014 Especificar hashes SHA1 de certificados representando editores confi\u00e1veis do RDP.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/88c0f13b8d37fea108bdc3a8b429da5c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>A pol\u00edtica que precisamos.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na pol\u00edtica, basta adicionar o hash que j\u00e1 conhecemos do passo anterior.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Vale notar que essa pol\u00edtica sobrep\u00f5e a pol\u00edtica 'Permitir arquivos RDP de editores confi\u00e1veis e par\u00e2metros de RDP definidos por padr\u00e3o'.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ec63d7d7756836e4773df9beb86c84f9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Pol\u00edtica configurada.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Voil\u00e1, agora n\u00e3o h\u00e1 perguntas estranhas \u2014 apenas um pedido de login e senha. Hmm...<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"shag-tretiy-prozrachnyy-vhod-na-server\">Passo tr\u00eas. Acesso transparente ao servidor.<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De fato, se j\u00e1 nos autenticamos ao entrar em um computador do dom\u00ednio, por que inserir novamente o mesmo login e senha? Vamos transmitir as credenciais ao servidor de forma 'transparente'. No caso do RDP simples (sem usar RDS Gateway), a pol\u00edtica de grupo nos ajudar\u00e1... <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vamos para a se\u00e7\u00e3o: Configura\u00e7\u00e3o do Computador \u2014 Pol\u00edticas \u2014 Modelos Administrativos \u2014 Sistema \u2014 Transmiss\u00e3o de Credenciais \u2014 Permitir transmiss\u00e3o de credenciais padr\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aqui \u00e9 poss\u00edvel adicionar os servidores necess\u00e1rios \u00e0 lista ou usar um wildcard. Isso ficar\u00e1 assim: <strong>TERMSRV\/trm.contoso.com<\/strong> ou <strong>TERMSRV\/<\/strong><b>*<\/b><strong>.contoso.com.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0404e4ac5026d2934005ac772184bb54.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Pol\u00edtica configurada.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Agora, se olharmos para o nosso atalho, ele ficar\u00e1 mais ou menos assim:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/41c2050bf2454c406ee635a856257293.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>O nome de usu\u00e1rio n\u00e3o pode ser alterado.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se estiver usando RDS Gateway, voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m precisar\u00e1 permitir a transmiss\u00e3o de dados nele. Para isso, no Gerenciador do IIS, desative a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00f4nima e ative a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de identidade do Windows nas 'M\u00e9todos de Autentica\u00e7\u00e3o'.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eliminando avisos inc\u00f4modos ao acessar o servidor terminal\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/8f252c4d92334256ca197c2adac64cd4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>IIS configurado.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e3o se esque\u00e7a de reiniciar os servi\u00e7os da web ao final com o comando:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">iisreset \/noforce\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Agora tudo est\u00e1 bem, sem perguntas ou solicita\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Apenas usu\u00e1rios registrados podem participar da pesquisa. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Entre<\/a><\/noindex>, por favor.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Conte-me, voc\u00ea assina os atalhos RDP para seus usu\u00e1rios?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">43%<\/strong>N\u00e3o, eles est\u00e3o acostumados a clicar em 'OK' nas mensagens sem ler, alguns at\u00e9 marcam sozinhos 'N\u00e3o perguntar novamente'.28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">29.2%<\/strong>Eu coloco o atalho manualmente e fa\u00e7o a primeira entrada no servidor junto com cada usu\u00e1rio.19<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">6.1%<\/strong>Claro, eu gosto de tudo em ordem.4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">21.5%<\/strong>N\u00e3o uso servidores de terminal.14<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    65 usu\u00e1rios votaram. 14 usu\u00e1rios se abstiveram.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/pc-administrator\/blog\/477808\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 Windows. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430: \u00ab\u0412\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443? \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e?\u00bb, \u043f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0430\u043c \u2014 \u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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