{"id":53580,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/uyazvimosti-v-openbsd-pozvolyayushhie-povysit-privilegii-i-obojti-autentifikatsiyu-v-smtpd-ldapd-i-radiusd"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:40:32","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T09:40:32","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-openbsd-pozvolyayushhie-povysit-privilegii-i-obojti-autentifikatsiyu-v-smtpd-ldapd-i-radiusd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-openbsd-pozvolyayushhie-povysit-privilegii-i-obojti-autentifikatsiyu-v-smtpd-ldapd-i-radiusd","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilidades no OpenBSD que permitem elevar privil\u00e9gios e contornar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o no smtpd, ldapd e radiusd","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Empresa Qualys <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.qualys.com\/laws-of-vulnerabilities\/2019\/12\/04\/openbsd-multiple-authentication-vulnerabilities\">expose<\/a><\/noindex> quatro <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qualys.com\/2019\/12\/04\/cve-2019-19521\/authentication-vulnerabilities-openbsd.txt\">no aplicativo para Windows, que permitia ao usu\u00e1rio elevar seus privil\u00e9gios no sistema para administrador (a vulnerabilidade foi causada pela intera\u00e7\u00e3o inadequada entre o cliente GUI sem privil\u00e9gios e o servi\u00e7o de sistema).<\/a><\/noindex> No OpenBSD, uma das quais permite a conex\u00e3o remota sem autentica\u00e7\u00e3o a alguns servi\u00e7os de rede, enquanto as outras tr\u00eas elevam suas permiss\u00f5es no sistema. O relat\u00f3rio da Qualys destacou a r\u00e1pida rea\u00e7\u00e3o dos desenvolvedores do OpenBSD \u2014 todos os problemas foram <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openbsd.org\/errata66.html\">foram corrigidas<\/a><\/noindex> em <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openbsd.org\/errata65.html\">OpenBSD 6.5<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openbsd.org\/errata66.html\">OpenBSD 6.6<\/a><\/noindex> resolvidos dentro de 40 horas ap\u00f3s a notifica\u00e7\u00e3o privada.<\/p>\n<p>A vulnerabilidade explor\u00e1vel remotamente \u00e9 causada por um erro na organiza\u00e7\u00e3o da chamada do manipulador de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o na biblioteca libc, que chama<br \/>\no programa \/usr\/libexec\/auth\/login_style com a transmiss\u00e3o de argumentos na linha de comando. Incluindo ao chamar login_style com o par\u00e2metro opcional \u201c-s service\u201d, \u00e9 permitido passar o nome do protocolo. Caso o nome de usu\u00e1rio comece com o caractere \u201c-\u201d, esse nome ser\u00e1 tratado como uma op\u00e7\u00e3o ao iniciar login_style. Dessa forma, se for especificado ao autenticar o nome de usu\u00e1rio \u201c-schallenge\u201d ou \u201c-schallenge:passwd\u201d, o login_style interpretar\u00e1 a solicita\u00e7\u00e3o como um pedido para usar o manipulador <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S\/Key\">S\/K<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>O problema \u00e9 que o protocolo S\/Key no login_style \u00e9 suportado apenas formalmente, sendo na verdade ignorado ao exibir o sinal de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o bem-sucedida. Assim, um invasor pode, apresentando-se como o usu\u00e1rio \u201c-schallenge\u201d, contornar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o e obter acesso sem fornecer senha ou chaves. Potencialmente, todos os servi\u00e7os de rede que utilizam chamadas padr\u00e3o da libc para autentica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o vulner\u00e1veis a isso. Por exemplo, a possibilidade de contornar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o foi confirmada no smtpd (AUTH PLAIN), ldapd e radiusd.<\/p>\n<p>No sshd, a vulnerabilidade n\u00e3o se manifesta, pois h\u00e1 uma prote\u00e7\u00e3o adicional que verifica a presen\u00e7a do usu\u00e1rio no sistema. No entanto, o sshd pode ser usado para verificar se o sistema \u00e9 vulner\u00e1vel \u2014 ao se conectar com o nome de usu\u00e1rio \u201c-sresponse:passwd\u201d, a conex\u00e3o trava, pois o sshd aguarda o retorno dos par\u00e2metros de chamada pelo login_passwd, enquanto o login_passwd aguarda a transmiss\u00e3o dos par\u00e2metros ausentes (o nome \u201c-sresponse\u201d \u00e9 interpretado como uma op\u00e7\u00e3o). Potencialmente, um invasor local pode tentar contornar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o na ferramenta su, mas a passagem do nome \u201c-sresponse\u201d leva \u00e0 falha do processo devido ao retorno de um ponteiro nulo ao executar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o getpwnam_r(\u201c-schallenge\u201d, \u2026).<\/p>\n<p>Outras vulnerabilidades:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  CVE-2019-19520 \u2014 eleva\u00e7\u00e3o de privil\u00e9gios local atrav\u00e9s da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o da ferramenta xlock, fornecida com a flag sgid, que muda o grupo para 'auth'. No c\u00f3digo do xlock, a redefini\u00e7\u00e3o dos caminhos das bibliotecas \u00e9 proibida apenas quando o identificador de usu\u00e1rio (setuid) \u00e9 alterado, permitindo que um atacante modifique a vari\u00e1vel de ambiente 'LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH' e carregue sua pr\u00f3pria biblioteca compartilhada, cujo c\u00f3digo ser\u00e1 executado ap\u00f3s a eleva\u00e7\u00e3o de privil\u00e9gios para o grupo 'auth'.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2019-19522 \u2014 permite que um usu\u00e1rio local, pertencente ao grupo 'auth', execute c\u00f3digo com direitos de root ao habilitar a autentica\u00e7\u00e3o no sistema atrav\u00e9s do S\/Key ou YubiKey (que est\u00e3o desativados por padr\u00e3o). A entrada no grupo 'auth', que pode ser obtida explorando a vulnerabilidade mencionada no xlock, permite a grava\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos nos diret\u00f3rios \/etc\/skey e \/var\/db\/yubikey. Por exemplo, um atacante pode adicionar um novo arquivo \/etc\/skey\/root para gerar chaves de uso \u00fanico para autentica\u00e7\u00e3o como o usu\u00e1rio root via S\/Key.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2019-19519 \u2014 possibilidade de elevar os limites de recursos atrav\u00e9s da manipula\u00e7\u00e3o da ferramenta su. Ao especificar a op\u00e7\u00e3o '-L', que implica a repeti\u00e7\u00e3o c\u00edclica de tentativas de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o em caso de falha, a classe do usu\u00e1rio \u00e9 definida apenas uma vez e n\u00e3o \u00e9 redefinida em tentativas subsequentes. Um atacante pode executar 'su -l -L' e, na primeira tentativa, inserir um login de outra pessoa com uma classe de conta diferente, mas na segunda tentativa, autenticar-se com sucesso como si mesmo. Nessa situa\u00e7\u00e3o, os limites do usu\u00e1rio ser\u00e3o estabelecidos de acordo com a classe do usu\u00e1rio especificada na primeira tentativa (por exemplo, n\u00famero m\u00e1ximo de processos ou tamanho da mem\u00f3ria para o processo). O m\u00e9todo funciona apenas para a obten\u00e7\u00e3o de limites de usu\u00e1rios n\u00e3o privilegiados, j\u00e1 que para o usu\u00e1rio root \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria a presen\u00e7a no grupo wheel).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Adicionalmente, pode-se destacar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/undeadly.org\/cgi?action=article;sid=20191202105849\">a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> no OpenBSD, um novo m\u00e9todo de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de validade de chamadas de sistema, que complica ainda mais a explora\u00e7\u00e3o de vulnerabilidades. O m\u00e9todo permite a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de chamadas de sistema apenas se forem referenciadas de \u00e1reas de mem\u00f3ria previamente registradas. Para marcar as \u00e1reas de mem\u00f3ria <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=openbsd-cvs&amp;m=157500930922882&amp;w=2\">foi oferecido<\/a><\/noindex> nova chamada de sistema <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man.openbsd.org\/msyscall\">msyscall()<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51979\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Qualys \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 OpenBSD, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0435 Qualys \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 OpenBSD &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 OpenBSD 6.5 \u0438 OpenBSD 6.6 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 40 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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