{"id":53598,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:31","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:31","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacotes nftables 0.9.3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=linux-netdev&#038;m=157532146517289&#038;w=2\">Publicado<\/a><\/noindex> lan\u00e7amento do filtro de pacotes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.3<\/a><\/noindex>, que se est\u00e1 desenvolvendo como uma substitui\u00e7\u00e3o ao iptables, ip6tables, arptables e ebtables por meio da unifica\u00e7\u00e3o das interfaces de filtragem de pacotes para IPv4, IPv6, ARP e pontes de rede. O pacote nftables inclui componentes de filtragem de pacotes que operam no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, enquanto, no n\u00edvel do kernel, a opera\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 suportada pelo subsistema nf_tables, que faz parte do n\u00facleo Linux desde a vers\u00e3o 3.13. As altera\u00e7\u00f5es necess\u00e1rias para a opera\u00e7\u00e3o do nftables 0.9.3 est\u00e3o inclu\u00eddas na futura ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo Linux 5.5.<\/p>\n<p>No n\u00edvel do kernel, \u00e9 fornecida apenas uma interface geral, independente do protocolo espec\u00edfico, que oferece fun\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas de extra\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de pacotes, execu\u00e7\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre dados e controle de fluxo. A l\u00f3gica de filtragem e os manipuladores espec\u00edficos de protocolo s\u00e3o compilados em bytecode no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, ap\u00f3s o que esse bytecode \u00e9 carregado no kernel atrav\u00e9s da interface Netlink e executado em uma m\u00e1quina virtual especial, semelhante ao BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Essa abordagem permite reduzir significativamente o tamanho do c\u00f3digo de filtragem que opera no n\u00edvel do kernel e transferir todas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es de an\u00e1lise de regras e l\u00f3gica de trabalho com protocolos para o espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n<p>Principais novidades:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte para mapeamento de pacotes por tempo. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel definir tanto intervalos de tempo e datas em que a regra ser\u00e1 acionada, quanto configurar a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o em dias espec\u00edficos da semana. Tamb\u00e9m foi adicionada uma nova op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00ab-T\u00bb para a sa\u00edda do tempo epoch em segundos.\n<p>     meta time \u00ab2019-12-24 16:00\u00bb \u2014 \u00ab2020-01-02 7:00\u00bb<br \/>\n     meta hour \u00ab17:00\u00bb \u2014 \u00ab19:00\u00bb<br \/>\n     meta day \u00abFri\u00bb<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte para recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e preserva\u00e7\u00e3o de etiquetas SELinux (secmark).\n<p>     ct secmark set meta secmark<br \/>\n     meta secmark set ct secmark<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte para listas de mapeamento synproxy, permitindo definir mais de uma regra para o backend.\n<p>    table ip foo {<br \/>\n            synproxy https-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 7<br \/>\n                    timestamp sack-perm<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            synproxy other-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 5<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain pre {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain bar {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    ct state invalid, untracked synproxy name ip saddr map { 192.168.1.0\/24 : \u00abhttps-synproxy\u00bb, 192.168.2.0\/24 : \u00abother-synproxy\u00bb }<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A capacidade de remover dinamicamente elementos de conjuntos de set das regras de processamento de pacotes.\n<p>     nft add rule \u2026 delete @set5 { ip6 saddr . ip6 daddr }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte para correspond\u00eancia VLAN por identificador e protocolo, definidos nos metadados da interface da ponte de rede;\n<p>        meta ibrpvid 100<br \/>\n        meta ibrvproto vlan<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00ab-t\u00bb (\u00ab\u2014terse\u00bb) para excluir elementos de conjuntos de set ao exibir regras. Ao executar \u00abnft -t list ruleset\u00bb ser\u00e1 exibido:\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                tipo ipv4_addr<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>E ao executar \u00abnft list ruleset\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                tipo ipv4_addr<br \/>\n                elementos = { 192.168.10.2, 192.168.20.1,<br \/>\n                             192.168.4.4, 192.168.2.34 }<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A capacidade de especificar mais de um dispositivo nas cadeias netdev (funciona apenas com o kernel 5.5) para combinar regras de filtragem padr\u00e3o.\n<p>     adicionar tabela netdev x<br \/>\n     add chain netdev x y {<br \/>\n        tipo filter hook ingress dispositivos = { eth0, eth1 } prioridade 0;<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A capacidade de adicionar descri\u00e7\u00f5es de tipos de dados.\n<p>    # nft describe ipv4_addr<br \/>\n    datatype ipv4_addr (endere\u00e7o IPv4) (basetype inteiro), 32 bits<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A possibilidade de compilar a interface CLI com a biblioteca linenoise em vez de libreadline.\n<p>     .\/configure \u2014with-cli=linenoise<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51980\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.3, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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