{"id":54267,"date":"2019-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:16","slug":"how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","title":{"rendered":"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ao se deparar com a quest\u00e3o e passar por uma grande quantidade de documenta\u00e7\u00e3o, tente sistematizar e anotar o que aprendeu para melhor memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m disso, fa\u00e7a um guia sobre esse assunto para que n\u00e3o precise passar por todo o caminho novamente.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A documenta\u00e7\u00e3o original est\u00e1 amplamente dispon\u00edvel em <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com\">https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de\">https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"postanovka-zadachi\">Formula\u00e7\u00e3o do problema<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O cliente deseja unir v\u00e1rios servidores alugados em uma \u00fanica rede para evitar a necessidade de pagar por v\u00e1rias sub-redes adicionais, conectar tudo ao roteador, atribuir endere\u00e7os locais internamente e proteger-se com um firewall. Para que todo o tr\u00e1fego da administra\u00e7\u00e3o circule dentro da VLAN. Al\u00e9m disso, migrar as m\u00e1quinas virtuais de um servidor antigo para um novo e descontinuar o antigo, atualizar o hardware usado e, ao mesmo tempo, migrar para um novo Proxmox.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Inicialmente, o cliente tem 5 servidores, cada um com uma sub-rede adicional, o primeiro endere\u00e7o da sub-rede dedicada \u00e9 atribu\u00eddo a uma bridge adicional no Proxmox. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/fa42daab8b3703e4a1bf926bc421e885.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As VMs est\u00e3o funcionando com Windows e t\u00eam o endere\u00e7o 85.x.x.177\/29 com gateway 85.x.x.176.<br \/>\nE de forma semelhante, todos os 5 servidores est\u00e3o configurados com suas m\u00e1quinas virtuais.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Curiosamente, essa configura\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 errada na configura\u00e7\u00e3o da rede em princ\u00edpio, usando o endere\u00e7o da rede para o primeiro n\u00f3 e o mesmo como gateway. Se tentar essa configura\u00e7\u00e3o em uma m\u00e1quina virtual no Ubuntu, a rede n\u00e3o funcionar\u00e1.<br \/>\n\u2003<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"realizaciya\">Implementa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Criamos um vSwitch na interface, atribu\u00edmos um VlanID a ele e adicionamos esse vSwitch a todos os servidores necess\u00e1rios.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/46183290bf149dc532816bb36206178e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Criamos um servidor de teste para que seja poss\u00edvel configurar e migrar sem problemas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Subimos a primeira m\u00e1quina virtual chr conforme <strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.mikrotik.com\/wiki\/Manual:CHR_ProxMox_installation\">as instru\u00e7\u00f5es para proxmox.<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se voc\u00ea estiver usando o script fornecido, preste aten\u00e7\u00e3o que, no in\u00edcio, verifica-se a exist\u00eancia do diret\u00f3rio -d \/root\/temp, e se n\u00e3o existir, um diret\u00f3rio \/home\/root\/temp \u00e9 criado, mas o trabalho continua sendo feito com o diret\u00f3rio \/root\/temp. O script deve ser corrigido para criar o diret\u00f3rio correspondente.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Configuramos a rede para Proxmox.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/8a259a88ae768c811198408833ff7555.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Adicionamos um subinterface com o n\u00famero VLAN, indicando que a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de endere\u00e7os ocorrer\u00e1 nas bridges usando inet manual. IMPORTANTE. N\u00e3o configure endere\u00e7os IP nas interfaces que voc\u00ea ir\u00e1 incluir na bridge, pois como isso funcionar\u00e1 e se funcionar\u00e1, ningu\u00e9m sabe.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Em seguida, criaremos a ponte vmbr0 \u2013 e atribu\u00edmos a ela o primeiro endere\u00e7o do servidor, fornecido pelo provedor Hetzner, indicando a porta da ponte \u2013 a primeira interface f\u00edsica sem VLAN, al\u00e9m de indicar com um comando adicional a adi\u00e7\u00e3o da rota para nossa rede adicional, solicitada na Hetzner para este servidor atrav\u00e9s desta ponte. A adi\u00e7\u00e3o da rota funcionar\u00e1 quando a interface for ativada.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A segunda ponte ser\u00e1 a nossa interface para tr\u00e1fego local, adicionamos um endere\u00e7o para garantir a conectividade entre diferentes servidores Proxmox na rede local sem acesso \u00e0 internet e indicamos como porta a subinterface eno1.4000, que foi designada para nosso VlanID.<br \/>\nDurante a configura\u00e7\u00e3o inicial, encontramos conselhos sobre a possibilidade de instalar adicionalmente o pacote ifupdown2 para que, ao alterar as interfaces de rede, o servidor n\u00e3o precise ser reiniciado completamente. No entanto, isso \u00e9 caracter\u00edstico apenas para a configura\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria, e ao usar pontes e configurar m\u00e1quinas virtuais, surgem problemas de queda de rede nas VMs. Quando, por exemplo, voc\u00ea altera a interface vmbr2, ao aplicar a configura\u00e7\u00e3o, a rede cai em todas as interfaces internas e n\u00e3o se restaura at\u00e9 a reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o completa do servidor. ifdown&amp;&amp;ifup n\u00e3o ajudam. Se algu\u00e9m tiver uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o \u2013 serei grato.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A primeira interface configurada no servidor permanece funcional e acess\u00edvel.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Atribui\u00e7\u00e3o de um endere\u00e7o para CHR para n\u00e3o perder endere\u00e7os do pool<br \/>\nO pool de endere\u00e7os que a Hetzner fornece parece bastante estranho para um administrador de rede, aproximadamente assim: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d6f74e42e41a6bdeb7f172089b7c48fd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A estranheza \u00e9 que \u00e9 sugerido usar o pr\u00f3prio endere\u00e7o do servidor f\u00edsico como gateway.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A op\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00e1ssica, proposta pela pr\u00f3pria Hetzner, est\u00e1 descrita na formula\u00e7\u00e3o da tarefa e foi implementada pelo cliente de forma aut\u00f4noma. Nesta op\u00e7\u00e3o, o cliente perde o primeiro endere\u00e7o para o endere\u00e7o da rede, o segundo endere\u00e7o na ponte proxmox que tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e1 o gateway, e o \u00faltimo endere\u00e7o para o broadcast. Endere\u00e7os IPv4 n\u00e3o s\u00e3o demais. Se voc\u00ea tentar diretamente atribuir ao CHR o endere\u00e7o IP 136.x.x.177\/29 e o gateway para 0.0.0.0\/0 como 148.x.x.165, voc\u00ea conseguir\u00e1, no entanto, o gateway n\u00e3o estar\u00e1 Direct Connected e, portanto, ser\u00e1 inating\u00edvel. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ca6ba7eab91409c85a388135c050388e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Voc\u00ea pode contornar a situa\u00e7\u00e3o usando uma rede de 32 bits para cada endere\u00e7o e como nome da rede, utilizando o endere\u00e7o desejado, que pode ser qualquer um. Isso resulta em uma conex\u00e3o semelhante a ponto a ponto.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6b7ac19527459656141c519c263f744b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nesse caso, o gateway estar\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel, e tudo funcionar\u00e1 como precisamos.<br \/>\nTenha em mente que, nessa configura\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o \u00e9 recomendado usar a regra SRC-NAT masquerade, porque o endere\u00e7o de sa\u00edda ser\u00e1 indefinidamente diferente; \u00e9 melhor especificar a a\u00e7\u00e3o: src-NAT e o endere\u00e7o espec\u00edfico a partir do qual voc\u00ea ir\u00e1 liberar o cliente.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>E por \u00faltimo.<br \/>\nPara bloquear o acesso ao pr\u00f3prio Proxmox da internet, use as ferramentas integradas: h\u00e1 um \u00f3timo firewall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Como configurar a rede e VLAN em um servidor dedicado Hetzner e Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/898e599c2a83e4b4e1b481fbd196338b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e3o \u00e9 aconselh\u00e1vel usar o firewall oferecido pela hetzner, para n\u00e3o confundir o local das configura\u00e7\u00f5es. Al\u00e9m disso, a hetzner funcionar\u00e1 em todas as redes, incluindo aquelas configuradas no CHR, e para abrir e encaminhar portas, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio faz\u00ea-lo tamb\u00e9m na interface web do provedor.<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/481290\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430 https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044f 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