{"id":54273,"date":"2019-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:16","slug":"reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do sistema de pacotes autossuficientes Flatpak 1.6.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/releases\/tag\/1.6.0\">Publicado<\/a><\/noindex>  uma nova ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1vel da ferramenta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/flatpak.org\/\">Flatpak 1.6<\/a><\/noindex>, que fornece um sistema para construir pacotes autossuficientes, independentes de distribui\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas do Linux e executados em um cont\u00eainer especial, que isola o aplicativo do restante do sistema. O suporte \u00e0 execu\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes Flatpak est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel para Arch Linux, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/copr.fedorainfracloud.org\/coprs\/amigadave\/flatpak-epel7\/\">CentOS<\/a><\/noindex>, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint e Ubuntu. Pacotes com Flatpak est\u00e3o inclu\u00eddos no reposit\u00f3rio Fedora e s\u00e3o suportados pelo gerente de aplicativos padr\u00e3o GNOME.<\/p>\n<p>Principais <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/blob\/master\/NEWS\">novidades<\/a><\/noindex> na ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o Flatpak 1.6:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Em <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/blob\/master\/data\/org.freedesktop.portal.Flatpak.xml#L244\">Portal API<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00e9todo CreateUpdateMonitor adicionado, permitindo que os aplicativos monitorem a disponibilidade de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es e solicitem a instala\u00e7\u00e3o da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o dispon\u00edvel.<br \/>\nPara proibir permiss\u00f5es de instala\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es pelo aplicativo, pode-se usar o comando &#171;flatpak permission-set flatpak updates $APPID no&#187; (se for especificado &#171;ask&#187; em vez de &#171;no&#187;, sempre aparecer\u00e1 um di\u00e1logo para confirma\u00e7\u00e3o da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o);<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<video style=\"width: 474px; height: 266.625px; max-width:100%\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gnome.org\/mclasen\/files\/2019\/12\/update-monitor.webm?_=1\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" controls><source type=\"video\/webm\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gnome.org\/mclasen\/files\/2019\/12\/update-monitor.webm?_=1\"><\/video><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uma biblioteca foi proposta para simplificar a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de manipuladores<br \/>\n libportal, que permite o tratamento de eventos sem o uso direto do API Portal e da an\u00e1lise de sinais recebidos via D-Bus.<br \/>\nO Libportal oferece camadas ass\u00edncronas simples para a maioria dos &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/xdg-desktop-portal\/blob\/master\/data\/\">portais<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uma nova permiss\u00e3o &#171;&#8212;socket=cups&#187; foi adicionada para fornecer acesso direto ao servidor de impress\u00e3o CUPS;\n<li class=\"l\"> O protocolo e o API para manipula\u00e7\u00e3o de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o foram alterados. Um autenticador para OCI (Open Container Initiative) foi adicionado. Suporte \u00e0 instala\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica de autenticadores de reposit\u00f3rios externos do flatpak foi implementado. Um manipulador de callback foi adicionado ao FlatpakTransaction para usar autentica\u00e7\u00e3o por login e senha de maneira semelhante ao m\u00e9todo de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o HTTP b\u00e1sico;\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte a aplicativos e sistemas protegidos, que exigem autentica\u00e7\u00e3o durante o carregamento, foi adicionado;\n<li class=\"l\"> A camada utilizada para isolamento bubblewrap foi atualizada para a vers\u00e3o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51947\">0.4.0<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte opcional a controle parental foi adicionado com a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da biblioteca <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.freedesktop.org\/pwithnall\/malcontent\">libmalcontent<\/a><\/noindex>, permitindo restri\u00e7\u00f5es de acesso a determinados tipos de conte\u00fado;\n<li class=\"l\"> As extens\u00f5es agora s\u00e3o instaladas antes do aplicativo, permitindo que o aplicativo funcione imediatamente ap\u00f3s a conclus\u00e3o da sua instala\u00e7\u00e3o;\n<li class=\"l\"> As opera\u00e7\u00f5es com arquivos tempor\u00e1rios foram reavaliadas, melhorando o desempenho em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de espa\u00e7o em disco insuficiente;\n<li class=\"l\"> Para executar o comando &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/flatpak-enter\">flatpak enter<\/a><\/noindex>&#187; n\u00e3o \u00e9 mais necess\u00e1rio usar sudo;\n<li class=\"l\"> Nos portais, foi adicionada a capacidade de executar ambientes isolados aninhados (sub-sandbox) para processos filhos;\n<li class=\"l\"> Novos comandos &#171;flatpak permission-set&#187; e &#171;permission-remove&#187; foram adicionados para gerenciar a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de permiss\u00f5es;\n<li class=\"l\"> Uma nova op\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;flatpak install &#8212;or-update&#187; foi adicionada, que executa a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, caso o aplicativo j\u00e1 esteja instalado;\n<li class=\"l\"> Um novo comando &#171;flatpak mask&#187; foi adicionado para fixar a vers\u00e3o e proibir a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es;\n<li class=\"l\"> Para imagens no formato OCI (Open Container Initiative), foi adicionada suporte para vincula\u00e7\u00e3o de r\u00f3tulos, gera\u00e7\u00e3o de hist\u00f3rico de altera\u00e7\u00f5es na imagem e inclus\u00e3o de tipos mime do Docker, al\u00e9m dos tipos mime do OCI;\n<li class=\"l\"> Nas configura\u00e7\u00f5es, foi adicionada a chave default-languages para definir a lista de idiomas utilizados, em adi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 lista do sistema.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vale lembrar que a Flatpak oferece aos desenvolvedores a possibilidade de simplificar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de seus programas que n\u00e3o est\u00e3o nos reposit\u00f3rios padr\u00e3o das distribui\u00e7\u00f5es, atrav\u00e9s da <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/flatpak.org\/developer.html\">prepara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> um \u00fanico cont\u00eainer universal sem a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de builds separados para cada distribui\u00e7\u00e3o. Para os usu\u00e1rios preocupados com a seguran\u00e7a, o Flatpak permite executar aplicativos question\u00e1veis em um cont\u00eainer, fornecendo acesso apenas \u00e0s fun\u00e7\u00f5es de rede e arquivos do usu\u00e1rio relacionados ao aplicativo. Para os usu\u00e1rios interessados em novidades, o Flatpak permite instalar as vers\u00f5es de aplicativos mais recentes e est\u00e1veis sem a necessidade de modificar o sistema. Por exemplo, atualmente os pacotes Flatpak j\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/flathub.org\">s\u00e3o constru\u00eddos<\/a><\/noindex> para LibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Steam, 0 A.D., Visual Studio Code, VLC, Slack, Skype, Telegram Desktop, Android Studio, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Para reduzir o tamanho do pacote, ele inclui apenas as depend\u00eancias espec\u00edficas do aplicativo, enquanto as bibliotecas gr\u00e1ficas e de sistema b\u00e1sicas (Gtk+, Qt, bibliotecas GNOME e KDE, etc.) s\u00e3o fornecidas como ambientes de execu\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00edpicos plug\u00e1veis. A principal diferen\u00e7a entre Flatpak e Snap \u00e9 que o Snap utiliza componentes do ambiente do sistema principal e isolamento baseado na filtragem de chamadas de sistema, enquanto o Flatpak cria um cont\u00eainer separado do sistema e opera com grandes conjuntos de runtime, fornecendo como depend\u00eancias n\u00e3o pacotes, mas ambientes de sistema t\u00edpicos (por exemplo, todas as bibliotecas necess\u00e1rias para o funcionamento de programas GNOME ou KDE).<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m do ambiente de sistema t\u00edpico (runtime), instalado por meio de um <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sdk.gnome.org\/repo\/\">reposit\u00f3rio<\/a><\/noindex>, s\u00e3o fornecidas depend\u00eancias adicionais (bundle) necess\u00e1rias para o funcionamento do aplicativo. No total, runtime e bundle formam o conte\u00fado do cont\u00eainer, sendo que o runtime \u00e9 instalado separadamente e vinculado a v\u00e1rios cont\u00eaineres, o que permite evitar a duplica\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos de sistema comuns aos cont\u00eaineres. Em um sistema, podem ser instalados v\u00e1rios runtimes diferentes (GNOME, KDE) ou v\u00e1rias vers\u00f5es de um \u00fanico runtime (GNOME 3.26, GNOME 3.28). O cont\u00eainer com o aplicativo, como depend\u00eancia, usa apenas a vincula\u00e7\u00e3o a um runtime espec\u00edfico, sem considerar os pacotes individuais dos quais o runtime \u00e9 composto. Todos os elementos ausentes s\u00e3o empacotados diretamente junto com o aplicativo. Ao formar o cont\u00eainer, o conte\u00fado do runtime \u00e9 montado como a parti\u00e7\u00e3o \/usr, enquanto o bundle \u00e9 montado no diret\u00f3rio \/app. <\/p>\n<p>O conte\u00fado do runtime e dos cont\u00eaineres de aplicativos \u00e9 formado usando a tecnologia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=37750\">OSTree<\/a><\/noindex>, onde a imagem \u00e9 atualizada atomicamente a partir de um reposit\u00f3rio semelhante ao Git, permitindo aplicar m\u00e9todos de controle de vers\u00e3o aos componentes da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o (por exemplo, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel reverter rapidamente o sistema a um estado anterior). Os pacotes RPM s\u00e3o traduzidos para o reposit\u00f3rio OSTree por meio de uma camada especial <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/rpm-ostree.cloud.fedoraproject.org\/\">rpm-ostree<\/a><\/noindex>. A instala\u00e7\u00e3o e atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o separada de pacotes dentro do ambiente de trabalho n\u00e3o \u00e9 suportada; o sistema \u00e9 atualizado n\u00e3o ao n\u00edvel de componentes individuais, mas como um todo, mudando seu estado de maneira at\u00f4mica. S\u00e3o fornecidas ferramentas para a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o incremental de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, eliminando a necessidade de substituir completamente a imagem a cada atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>O ambiente isolado criado \u00e9 completamente independente da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o utilizada e, com as configura\u00e7\u00f5es corretas do pacote, n\u00e3o tem acesso aos arquivos e processos do usu\u00e1rio ou do sistema principal, n\u00e3o pode acessar diretamente o hardware, exceto atrav\u00e9s da sa\u00edda via DRI, e da subsistema de rede. A sa\u00edda gr\u00e1fica e a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o da entrada <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/wiki\">implementados<\/a><\/noindex> usando o protocolo Wayland ou atrav\u00e9s de um redirecionamento do socket X11. A intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o ambiente externo \u00e9 baseada em um sistema de troca de mensagens DBus e uma API Portals especial. Para isolamento  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/wiki\/Sandbox\">\u00e9 utilizado<\/a><\/noindex> uma camada <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/projectatomic\/bubblewrap\">Bubblewrap<\/a><\/noindex> e as tecnologias tradicionais de virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o em cont\u00eaineres para Linux, baseadas no uso de cgroups, espa\u00e7os de nomes (namespaces), Seccomp e SELinux. Para a sa\u00edda de \u00e1udio, utiliza-se o PulseAudio. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52075\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f Flatpak 1.6, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c Linux \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Flatpak-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint \u0438 Ubuntu. \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 Flatpak \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 Fedora \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f 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