{"id":55018,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Linus Torvalds explicou quais s\u00e3o os problemas na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do ZFS para o kernel do Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Durante a discuss\u00e3o dos testes<\/a><\/noindex> o planejador de tarefas, um dos participantes da discuss\u00e3o apresentou um exemplo de que, apesar das declara\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a necessidade de manter a compatibilidade ao desenvolver o n\u00facleo do Linux, mudan\u00e7as recentes no n\u00facleo prejudicaram o funcionamento correto do m\u00f3dulo «ZFS on Linux<\/a><\/noindex>«. Linus Torvalds de forma muito detalhada<\/a><\/noindex>, que o princ\u00edpio «n\u00e3o quebrar<\/a><\/noindex> dos usu\u00e1rios<\/a><\/noindex>» se refere \u00e0 preserva\u00e7\u00e3o das interfaces externas do n\u00facleo, usadas por aplicativos no espa\u00e7o do usu\u00e1rio, bem como do pr\u00f3prio n\u00facleo. Mas n\u00e3o abrange separadamente as camadas de terceiros que s\u00e3o desenvolvidas sobre o n\u00facleo e que n\u00e3o foram aceitas na composi\u00e7\u00e3o principal do n\u00facleo, cujos autores, por sua conta e risco, devem monitorar as mudan\u00e7as no n\u00facleo.<\/p>\n

No que diz respeito ao projeto «ZFS on Linux», Linus n\u00e3o recomendou o uso do m\u00f3dulo zfs devido \u00e0 incompatibilidade das licen\u00e7as CDDL e GPLv2. A situa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 tal que, devido \u00e0 pol\u00edtica de licen\u00e7as da empresa Oracle, as chances de o ZFS algum dia ser inclu\u00eddo na composi\u00e7\u00e3o principal do n\u00facleo s\u00e3o muito pequenas. As camadas propostas para contornar a incompatibilidade de licen\u00e7as, que traduzem o acesso \u00e0s fun\u00e7\u00f5es do n\u00facleo para c\u00f3digo externo, s\u00e3o uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o duvidosa — os advogados continuam discutindo<\/a><\/noindex> se a reexporta\u00e7\u00e3o das fun\u00e7\u00f5es do n\u00facleo GPL atrav\u00e9s de wrappers constitui uma obra derivada, que deve ser fornecida sob a licen\u00e7a GPL.<\/p>\n

A \u00fanica situa\u00e7\u00e3o em que Linus aceitaria o c\u00f3digo ZFS no n\u00facleo principal \u00e9 se obtivesse uma autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o oficial da Oracle, certificada pelo principal advogado da empresa, ou melhor, pelo pr\u00f3prio Larry Ellison. Solu\u00e7\u00f5es intermedi\u00e1rias, como as camadas entre o n\u00facleo e o c\u00f3digo ZFS, s\u00e3o inaceit\u00e1veis, considerando a pol\u00edtica agressiva da Oracle em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 propriedade intelectual das interfaces de programa\u00e7\u00e3o (como exemplo, a disputa<\/a><\/noindex> com o Google sobre a API do Java). Al\u00e9m disso, Linus considera a inten\u00e7\u00e3o de usar o ZFS mais uma quest\u00e3o de moda, do que vantagens t\u00e9cnicas. Os testes de desempenho que Linus analisou n\u00e3o favorecem o ZFS, e a falta de um suporte robusto n\u00e3o garante a estabilidade a longo prazo.<\/p>\n

Vale lembrar que o c\u00f3digo ZFS \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo sob a licen\u00e7a livre CDDL, que \u00e9 incompat\u00edvel com a GPLv2, o que impede a integra\u00e7\u00e3o do ZFS on Linux na ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o principal do n\u00facleo Linux, uma vez que a mistura de c\u00f3digo sob as licen\u00e7as GPLv2 e CDDL \u00e9 inadmiss\u00edvel. Para contornar essa incompatibilidade de licen\u00e7as, o projeto «ZFS on Linux» decidiu distribuir o produto totalmente sob a licen\u00e7a CDDL na forma de um m\u00f3dulo carreg\u00e1vel separadamente, que \u00e9 fornecido separadamente do n\u00facleo. <\/p>\n

A possibilidade de distribuir o m\u00f3dulo pronto do ZFS como parte das distribui\u00e7\u00f5es gera controv\u00e9rsias entre os advogados. Advogados da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) acreditam<\/a><\/noindex>, sustentam que a entrega de um m\u00f3dulo bin\u00e1rio do n\u00facleo em uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o cria um produto combinado com GPL, exigindo a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o do trabalho final sob a GPL. Advogados da Canonical n\u00e3o concordam<\/a><\/noindex> afirmam que a entrega do m\u00f3dulo zfs \u00e9 permitida, desde que o componente seja fornecido como um m\u00f3dulo autossuficiente, separado do pacote do n\u00facleo. A Canonical observa que as distribui\u00e7\u00f5es h\u00e1 muito utilizam esse tipo de abordagem para fornecer drivers propriet\u00e1rios, como os drivers NVIDIA. <\/p>\n

O outro lado argumenta que o problema de compatibilidade com o n\u00facleo em drivers propriet\u00e1rios \u00e9 resolvido com a entrega de uma pequena camada, que \u00e9 distribu\u00edda sob a licen\u00e7a GPL (um m\u00f3dulo sob a licen\u00e7a GPL \u00e9 carregado para o n\u00facleo, que ent\u00e3o carrega os componentes propriet\u00e1rios). Para o ZFS, uma camada como essa s\u00f3 pode ser preparada sob a condi\u00e7\u00e3o de concess\u00e3o de exce\u00e7\u00f5es de licenciamento pela Oracle. No Oracle Linux, a incompatibilidade com a GPL \u00e9 resolvida pela concess\u00e3o de uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o de licenciamento pela Oracle, que elimina a exig\u00eancia de licenciamento do trabalho combinado sob a CDDL, mas essa exce\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o se aplica a outras distribui\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/p>\n

Uma manobra alternativa \u00e9 fornecer na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o apenas os c\u00f3digos-fonte do m\u00f3dulo, o que n\u00e3o leva a um v\u00ednculo e \u00e9 considerado como a entrega de dois produtos separados. No Debian, isso \u00e9 realizado atrav\u00e9s do sistema DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support), onde o m\u00f3dulo \u00e9 fornecido em c\u00f3digos-fonte e compilado na m\u00e1quina do usu\u00e1rio, logo ap\u00f3s a instala\u00e7\u00e3o do pacote.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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