{"id":55413,"date":"2020-01-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-19T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/sotrudnik-red-hat-predstavil-sborochnuyu-sistemu-goals-vypusk-gnu-make-4-2"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:31","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:31","slug":"sotrudnik-red-hat-predstavil-sborochnuyu-sistemu-goals-vypusk-gnu-make-4-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/sotrudnik-red-hat-predstavil-sborochnuyu-sistemu-goals-vypusk-gnu-make-4-2","title":{"rendered":"Um funcion\u00e1rio da Red Hat apresentou o sistema de constru\u00e7\u00e3o Goals. Lan\u00e7amento do GNU Make 4.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Richard Jones (Richard WM Jones), autor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/libguestfs.org\/\">libguestfs<\/a><\/noindex>, trabalhando na Red Hat, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/rwmj.wordpress.com\/2020\/01\/14\/goals-an-experimental-new-tool-which-generalizes-make\/\">apresentou<\/a><\/noindex> nova ferramenta de constru\u00e7\u00e3o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/people.redhat.com\/~rjones\/goals\/\">Objetivos<\/a><\/noindex>, destinada a corrigir falhas e problemas na ferramenta make, mantendo a simplicidade e clareza dos scripts. A ferramenta make foi projetada em 1976 e possui v\u00e1rias defici\u00eancias conceituais que se busca corrigir nos Objetivos, sem alterar a concep\u00e7\u00e3o geral.<br \/>\nC\u00f3digo-fonte dos Objetivos <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/git.annexia.org\/?p=goals.git;a=summary\">\u00e9 distribu\u00eddo<\/a><\/noindex> sob a licen\u00e7a GPLv2+. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/git.annexia.org\/?p=libguestfs-talks.git;a=blob;f=2020-goals\/notes.txt;h=b03d9e5ea1062869c642a1850a09340ea1575116;hb=HEAD\">Problemas abordados<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Apoio apenas para uma t\u00e1tica de resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de depend\u00eancias \u2014 \u00aba instru\u00e7\u00e3o de montagem \u00e9 executada se o arquivo alvo estiver ausente ou for mais antigo que uma das depend\u00eancias\u00bb. No Goals, a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de outras t\u00e1ticas est\u00e1 prevista, como verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de URL, compara\u00e7\u00e3o de timestamps com qualquer arquivo, avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da montagem do pacote em <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fedoraproject.org\/wiki\/Koji\">Koji<\/a><\/noindex>, comparar somas de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o, executar conjuntos de teste com omiss\u00f5es seletivas de testes.\n<li class=\"l\"> Durante o processamento de objetivos de montagem, a ferramenta make n\u00e3o distingue entre arquivos e nomes de regras e, como resultado, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de que, ao executar a regra, o arquivo que foi declarado como sendo criado realmente ser\u00e1 gerado. Por exemplo, se existir uma regra com o nome \u00abtest\u00bb que executa scripts de testes, e acidentalmente um arquivo com o nome \u00abtest\u00bb for criado, os testes deixar\u00e3o de ser acionados, pois o make considerar\u00e1 que o objetivo foi montado e n\u00e3o requer a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de mais nenhuma a\u00e7\u00e3o (para contornar o problema no make, pode-se especificar a diretiva \u00ab.PHONY: test\u00bb). O Goals separa claramente arquivos e nomes de regras.\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Um funcion\u00e1rio da Red Hat apresentou o sistema de constru\u00e7\u00e3o Goals. Lan\u00e7amento do GNU Make 4.2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/47f42c47650ed38ae84938634edf1328.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Problema de fornecer apenas um par\u00e2metro para instru\u00e7\u00f5es de constru\u00e7\u00e3o.\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Um funcion\u00e1rio da Red Hat apresentou o sistema de constru\u00e7\u00e3o Goals. Lan\u00e7amento do GNU Make 4.2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2a81f9f98745e6d2ddbb90e21b110295.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Nos Objetivos, sugere-se o uso de um n\u00famero arbitr\u00e1rio de par\u00e2metros nomeados. Por exemplo, pode-se destacar separadamente o indicador do arquivo de depura\u00e7\u00e3o do nome:<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Um funcion\u00e1rio da Red Hat apresentou o sistema de constru\u00e7\u00e3o Goals. Lan\u00e7amento do GNU Make 4.2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ffc783f17ae76bb4d928351ac216d828.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Problemas de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o interpretador shell. Por exemplo, a necessidade de controlar a escapagem de espa\u00e7os em nomes de arquivos e diret\u00f3rios, consumo de recursos ao iniciar um interpretador shell separado para cada comando executado, dupla interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o do s\u00edmbolo \u00ab$\u00bb (usado tanto no shell quanto no make), considera\u00e7\u00e3o de recuos.\n<p>Os problemas mencionados s\u00e3o resolvidos no Goals usando o s\u00edmbolo \u00ab%\u00bb em vez de \u00ab$\u00bb para vari\u00e1veis de montagem (\u00ab$\u00bb permanece apenas para shell), aplicando um parser <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LALR(1)\">LALR(1)<\/a><\/noindex>, que requerem que os caminhos e nomes de arquivos sejam envolvidos em aspas e que os blocos de c\u00f3digo sejam destacados com chaves. Todo o bloco \u00e9 executado em uma \u00fanica inst\u00e2ncia do shell de comando, e dentro do bloco, a formata\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo \u00e9 livre, sem associa\u00e7\u00e3o a espa\u00e7os especiais.<\/p>\n<p>Era:<br \/>\n    target: foo.o bar.o<br \/>\n     ${CC} ${CFLAGS} $&lt; -o $@       <\/p>\n<p>Tornou-se:<br \/>\n    \u00abtarget\u00bb: \u00abfoo.o\u00bb, \u00abbar.o\u00bb {<br \/>\n        LAGS &lt; -o %@<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Outras caracter\u00edsticas dos Goals:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte opcional para a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de nomes e par\u00e2metros arbitr\u00e1rios:\n<p>     goal all = : \u00abtarget\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>     goal link =<br \/>\n     \u00abtarget\u00bb : \u00abfoo.o\u00bb, \u00abbar.o\u00bb { \u2026 }<\/p>\n<p>     goal compile (name) =<br \/>\n     \u00ab%name.o\u00bb : \u00ab%name.c\u00bb, \u00abdep.h\u00bb { LAGS -c $^ -o $@ }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dois modos de execu\u00e7\u00e3o: modo make para associar objetivos de montagem a nomes de arquivos (por exemplo, o arquivo \u00abfoo.o\u00bb corresponde ao objetivo \u00ab%name.o\u00bb), e modo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o direta da compila\u00e7\u00e3o:\n<p>     goal all = : link<\/p>\n<p>     goal link =<br \/>\n     \u00abtarget\u00bb : \u00abfoo.o\u00bb, compile (\u00abbar\u00bb) { \u2026 }<\/p>\n<p>     goal compile (name) =<br \/>\n     \u00ab%name.o\u00bb : \u00ab%name.c\u00bb, \u00abdep.h\u00bb { LAGS -c $^ -o $@ }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A t\u00e1tica de montagem \u00e9 definida por regras especiais, atrav\u00e9s das quais \u00e9 poss\u00edvel determinar a necessidade de recomposi\u00e7\u00e3o do objetivo de montagem. Se estiver vinculada \u00e0 presen\u00e7a de um arquivo, isso \u00e9 claramente definido atrav\u00e9s de um indicador correspondente (\u00abtarget\u00bb para o nome da regra e *file(\u00abtarget\u00bb) para a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o do arquivo).\n<p>  \u00abtarget\u00bb : \u00abfoo.o\u00bb, \u00abbar.o\u00bb { \u2026 }<\/p>\n<p>  *file(\u00abtarget\u00bb) : *file(\u00abfoo.o\u00bb), *file(\u00abbar.o\u00bb) { \u2026 }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> O desenvolvedor pode definir caracter\u00edsticas arbitr\u00e1rias das t\u00e1ticas de montagem. A caracter\u00edstica &#171;*file&#187; \u00e9 definida por padr\u00e3o (@{&#8230;} indica a supress\u00e3o da sa\u00edda, e &#171;exit 99&#187; sinaliza a necessidade de recompila\u00e7\u00e3o):\n<p>   tactic *file (filename) = @{<br \/>\n      test -f %filename || exit 99<br \/>\n      for f in %<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52215\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0441 (Richard WM Jones), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 libguestfs, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 Goals, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 make \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432. \u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 make \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 1976 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0432 Goals \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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