{"id":69621,"date":"2020-02-21T02:56:53","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T23:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/rabbitmq-chast-2-razbiraemsya-s-exchanges"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:14:48","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:14:48","slug":"rabbitmq-chast-2-razbiraemsya-s-exchanges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rabbitmq-chast-2-razbiraemsya-s-exchanges","title":{"rendered":"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><code>Exchange<\/code> \u2014 um exchange ou ponto de troca. Nele, as mensagens s\u00e3o enviadas. <code>Exchange<\/code> <strong>distribui a mensagem<\/strong> para uma ou v\u00e1rias filas. Ele <strong>roteia mensagens para a fila<\/strong> com base nas rela\u00e7\u00f5es criadas (<code>binds<\/code>) entre ele e a fila. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Exchange<\/code> n\u00e3o \u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/erlang.org\/doc\/reference_manual\/processes.html\">um processo Erlang<\/a><\/noindex>. Por quest\u00f5es de escalabilidade, <code>exchange<\/code> \u2014 \u00e9 uma string (link para o m\u00f3dulo com o c\u00f3digo, onde est\u00e1 a l\u00f3gica de roteamento) na base de dados embutida <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mnesia\">mnesia<\/a><\/noindex>. 1 mil exchanges consumir\u00e3o apenas 1MB de mem\u00f3ria. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"oglavlenie\">\u00cdndice<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/488654\/\">RabbitMQ. Parte 1. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o. Erlang, AMQP e RPC<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/489086\/\">RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>RabbitMQ. Parte 3. Entendendo as Queues e Bindings<\/li>\n<li>RabbitMQ. Parte 4. Entendendo o que s\u00e3o mensagens e frames<\/li>\n<li>RabbitMQ. Parte 5. Desempenho da publica\u00e7\u00e3o e consumo de mensagens<\/li>\n<li>RabbitMQ. Parte 6. Vis\u00e3o geral dos m\u00f3dulos Federation e Shovel<\/li>\n<li>RabbitMQ. Parte 7. Detalhes sobre Connection e Channel<\/li>\n<li>RabbitMQ. Parte 8. RabbitMQ no .NET<\/li>\n<li>RabbitMQ. Parte 9. Monitoramento<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"direct-exchange\"><em>Direct Exchange<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Direct exchange<\/code> \u2014 \u00e9 utilizado quando \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio <strong>entregar a mensagem em filas espec\u00edficas.<\/strong>A mensagem \u00e9 publicada em um exchange com um determinado <strong>chave de roteamento<\/strong> e vai para todas as filas que est\u00e3o ligadas a esse exchange com uma chave de roteamento similar. <strong>A chave de roteamento \u00e9 uma string<\/strong>. A correspond\u00eancia \u00e9 feita atrav\u00e9s da <strong>verifica\u00e7\u00e3o das strings por equival\u00eancia.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica do fluxo de mensagens:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/8ce3ab37542f2a7f8e7ac02a737c5f88.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Em <code>rabbitmq<\/code> existe o conceito de <strong>exchange padr\u00e3o<\/strong>. Este \u00e9 um <code>direct exchange<\/code> sem nome. Se um exchange padr\u00e3o \u00e9 utilizado, a mensagem ser\u00e1 roteada para a fila cujo nome \u00e9 igual \u00e0 <strong>chave de roteamento da mensagem.<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"topic-exchange\"><em>Topic Exchange<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Topic exchange<\/code> \u2014 similarmente <code>direct exchange<\/code> permite o roteamento seletivo ao comparar a chave de roteamento. Por\u00e9m, neste caso, a chave \u00e9 definida <strong>por um padr\u00e3o<\/strong>. Ao criar um padr\u00e3o, s\u00e3o utilizados <code>0<\/code> uma ou mais palavras (letras <code>AZ<\/code> e <code>az<\/code> e n\u00fameros <code>0-9<\/code>), separados por ponto, assim como os s\u00edmbolos <code>*<\/code> e <code>#<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>*<\/code> \u2014 pode ser substitu\u00eddo exatamente por <code>1<\/code> uma palavra <\/li>\n<li><code>#<\/code> \u2014 pode ser substitu\u00eddo por <code>0<\/code> uma ou mais palavras. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica do fluxo de mensagens:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a0ce48b291a3003eabbe61b3dfa5a4e1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A partir da vers\u00e3o <code>RabbitMQ 2.4.0<\/code> o algoritmo de roteamento para <code>topic exchange<\/code> passou a funcionar at\u00e9 <code>145<\/code> vezes mais r\u00e1pido. Eles conseguiram isso implementando a abordagem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rabbitmq.com\/blog\/2011\/03\/28\/very-fast-and-scalable-topic-routing-part-2\/\">trie implementation<\/a><\/noindex>, que envolve a representa\u00e7\u00e3o dos padr\u00f5es como uma estrutura de \u00e1rvore. Por exemplo, os padr\u00f5es <code>a.b.c<\/code>, <code>a.*.b.c<\/code>, <code>a.#.c<\/code> e <code>b.b.c<\/code> ser\u00e3o representados pela seguinte estrutura:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/56ef5809fec9eb6c1b50a362b89dd05a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A correspond\u00eancia do padr\u00e3o \u00e9 feita iniciando pela raiz e seguindo de cima para baixo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Caracter\u00edsticas:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o deste exchange pode se tornar <strong>uma boa escolha para um poss\u00edvel desenvolvimento futuro do aplicativo<\/strong>, pois os modelos podem sempre ser ajustados para que a mensagem seja publicada de maneira semelhante <code>direct exchange<\/code> ou <code>fanout exchange<\/code><\/li>\n<li>modelos que utilizam <code>*<\/code> <strong>muito mais r\u00e1pido<\/strong>, do que os modelos que utilizam <code>#<\/code>. <\/li>\n<li><code>topic exchange<\/code> mais devagar <code>direct exchange<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"fanout-exchange\"><em>Fanout Exchange<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Fanout exchange<\/code> \u2013 <strong>todas as mensagens s\u00e3o entregues em todas as filas<\/strong> mesmo se a mensagem tiver uma chave de roteamento especificada.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Caracter\u00edsticas:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>RabbitMQ<\/code> <strong>n\u00e3o funciona com chaves de roteamento e modelos<\/strong> o que tem um efeito positivo sobre o desempenho. Este \u00e9 o mais r\u00e1pido <code>exchange<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li>todos os consumidores devem ser capazes de processar todas as mensagens;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica do fluxo de mensagens:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/575d86093f151016aef8058fc7d92907.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"headers-exchange\"><em>Headers Exchange<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Headers exchange<\/code> \u2013 direciona mensagens para filas relacionadas com base na compara\u00e7\u00e3o de pares (chave, valor) das propriedades <code>headers<\/code> vincula\u00e7\u00f5es e propriedades semelhantes da mensagem. <code>headers<\/code> representa <code>Dictionary&lt;chave, valor&gt;<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se uma chave especial for adicionada ao dicion\u00e1rio <code>x-match<\/code> com o valor <code>qualquer<\/code>, a mensagem \u00e9 roteada quando h\u00e1 uma correspond\u00eancia parcial dos pares (chave, valor). Esse comportamento \u00e9 semelhante ao operador <code>ou<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">var bindingArguments = new Dictinary();\nbindingArguments.add(\"x-match\", \"any\");<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Por padr\u00e3o, a chave <code>x-match<\/code> cont\u00e9m o valor <code>all<\/code>. Isso significa que a mensagem \u00e9 roteada quando h\u00e1 uma correspond\u00eancia total dos pares (chave, valor). Esse comportamento \u00e9 semelhante ao operador <code>e<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica do fluxo de mensagens:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/e9a02a0df88cb2c0538b97cec9002bf4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Caracter\u00edsticas:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>flexibilidade adicional<\/li>\n<li>sobrecargas adicionais de computa\u00e7\u00e3o. Todos os pares (chave, valor) do atributo <code>headers<\/code> devem ser ordenados por nome da chave antes de calcular os valores de roteamento da mensagem. <strong>Mais lento do que outros tipos de exchange<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"consistent-hashing-exchange\"><em>Consistent-Hashing Exchange<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Este exchange \u00e9 uma <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/rabbitmq\/rabbitmq-consistent-hash-exchange\">plugin<\/a><\/noindex> e <strong>n\u00e3o embutido<\/strong> em <code>RabbitMQ<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Consistent-hashing exchange<\/code> (exchange com hashing consistente) \u2013 \u00e9 utilizado quando h\u00e1 v\u00e1rias filas que s\u00e3o potenciais destinat\u00e1rias da mensagem e quando \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio equilibrar a carga entre elas. A rela\u00e7\u00e3o da mensagem com a fila ocorre com base no peso (um valor de string condicional de <code>0 - n<\/code>). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O peso equivalente das filas \u2013 indica que uma quantidade <strong>aproximadamente igual de<\/strong> mensagens (cada mensagem ser\u00e1 colocada apenas em uma fila). <strong>N\u00e3o h\u00e1 garantia total de que a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o das mensagens ser\u00e1 uniforme<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica do fluxo de mensagens:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/dd22749cad463fe86619a98276554e10.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Hash<\/code> \u00e9 calculado com base na chave de roteamento ou propriedade <code>headers<\/code> da mensagem. Se todas as mensagens publicadas tiverem chaves de roteamento diferentes ou <code>headers<\/code>, a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o ocorrer\u00e1 com base no peso. Caso contr\u00e1rio, ser\u00e1 utilizada a chave de roteamento ou <code>headers<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Deve ajudar quando a largura de banda do consumidor precisar crescer mais do que a solu\u00e7\u00e3o com m\u00faltiplos consumidores usando uma \u00fanica fila.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"kombinirovanie-obmennikov-e2e\"><em>Combina\u00e7\u00e3o de exchanges (E2E)<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O comportamento de todas as exchanges pode ser combinado por meio de conex\u00e3o <strong>Exchange-to-Exchange<\/strong> (a combina\u00e7\u00e3o de exchanges n\u00e3o est\u00e1 inclu\u00edda na especifica\u00e7\u00e3o <code>AMQP<\/code>. Esta \u00e9 uma extens\u00e3o do protocolo do lado <code>RabbitMQ<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica do fluxo de mensagens:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/41ea01a0f43f2dd195fa4f34f7fc176c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De <code>E2E<\/code> podemos encontrar a configura\u00e7\u00e3o escal\u00e1vel correta que atende tanto \u00e0s demandas atuais quanto \u00e0s crescentes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"sozdanie-exchange\"><em>Cria\u00e7\u00e3o de Exchange<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A cria\u00e7\u00e3o da exchange ocorre atrav\u00e9s de uma solicita\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00edncrona <code>RPC<\/code> ao servidor. A solicita\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 feita pelo m\u00e9todo <code>Exchange.Declare<\/code>, invocando com os par\u00e2metros:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nome da exchange<\/li>\n<li>tipo da exchange<\/li>\n<li>outros par\u00e2metros<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Exemplo de cria\u00e7\u00e3o <code>exchange<\/code> com <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rabbitmq.com\/dotnet.html\">RabbitMQ.Client<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">\/\/...\nchannel.ExchangeDeclare(\n    exchange: &quot;my_exchange&quot;,\n    type: &quot;direct&quot;,\n    durable: &quot;false&quot;,\n    autoDelete: &quot;false&quot;,\n    arguments: null\n);\n\/\/...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>exchange<\/code> \u2014 nome da exchange que queremos criar. O nome deve ser \u00fanico<\/li>\n<li><code>tipo<\/code> \u2014 tipo da exchange<\/li>\n<li><code>dur\u00e1vel<\/code> \u2014 se definido como <code>verdadeiro<\/code>, ent\u00e3o <code>exchange<\/code> ser\u00e1 persistente. Ele ser\u00e1 armazenado no disco e poder\u00e1 sobreviver \u00e0 reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do servidor\/broker. Se o valor <code>falso<\/code>, ent\u00e3o <code>exchange<\/code> for tempor\u00e1rio e ser\u00e1 removido quando o servidor\/broker for reiniciado<\/li>\n<li><code>autoDelete<\/code> \u2014 remo\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica. <code>Exchange<\/code> ser\u00e1 removido quando todas as filas associadas a ele forem removidas<\/li>\n<li><code>arguments<\/code> \u2014 argumentos opcionais. Na maioria das vezes, atrav\u00e9s dos argumentos define-se <code>alternative exchange<\/code> (<strong>exchange alternativo<\/strong>). Se a mensagem n\u00e3o puder passar pela rota original, ela pode ser enviada para a exchange alternativa para ser roteada por outro caminho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6a352e92f94dadf58ba24de453806133.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se a cria\u00e7\u00e3o <code>exchange<\/code> <strong>talvez<\/strong>, o servidor enviar\u00e1 ao cliente uma resposta s\u00edncrona <code>RPC<\/code> uma resposta <code>Exchange.DeclareOk<\/code>. Se a cria\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>\u00e9 imposs\u00edvel<\/strong> (ocorreu um erro na solicita\u00e7\u00e3o <code>Exchange.Declare<\/code>), ent\u00e3o <strong>o canal ser\u00e1 fechado<\/strong> pelo servidor atrav\u00e9s de um comando ass\u00edncrono <code>Channel.Close<\/code> e o cliente receber\u00e1 uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rabbitmq.com\/releases\/rabbitmq-dotnet-client\/v3.6.10\/rabbitmq-dotnet-client-3.6.10-client-htmldoc\/html\/type-RabbitMQ.Client.Exceptions.OperationInterruptedException.html\">OperationInterruptedException<\/a><\/noindex>, que conter\u00e1 o c\u00f3digo de erro e sua descri\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A exchange deve ser criada antes da publica\u00e7\u00e3o de mensagens. Se voc\u00ea publicar uma mensagem em uma exchange inexistente \u2014 <code>RabbitMQ<\/code> ela ser\u00e1 silenciosamente descartada.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"sozdanie-exchange-cherez-graficheskiy-interfeys\"><em>Cria\u00e7\u00e3o de Exchange atrav\u00e9s da interface gr\u00e1fica<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Acesse o painel do administrador <code>RabbitMQ<\/code> como usu\u00e1rio <code>guest<\/code> (username: <code>guest<\/code> e password: <code>guest<\/code>). Observe que o usu\u00e1rio <code>guest<\/code> pode se conectar apenas a partir do host local. Agora vamos para a aba <code>Exchanges<\/code> e clique em <code>Add a new exchange<\/code>. Preencha as propriedades:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"RabbitMQ. Parte 2. Entendendo os Exchanges\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/c4fd31b8cdb8182690ec8c01ccd2a460.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A maior parte das propriedades foi descrita acima. Aqui notamos que se definir <code>Interno<\/code>, ent\u00e3o a troca s\u00f3 poder\u00e1 ser utilizada para <code>E2E<\/code>. <code>Producer<\/code> n\u00e3o poder\u00e1 enviar mensagens para tal troca.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zaklyuchenie\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ao desenvolver o sistema, \u00e9 conveniente descrever a topologia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F\">de roteamento<\/a><\/noindex> usando um grafo. Mas antes de come\u00e7ar a construir o grafo, \u00e9 importante identificar os caminhos com maior tr\u00e1fego, pois s\u00e3o eles que exigem <strong>uma maior largura de banda<\/strong> (desempenho). Em seguida, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel classificar o tr\u00e1fego. E s\u00f3 ent\u00e3o come\u00e7ar a constru\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se no grafo constru\u00eddo existir <strong>um conjunto finito<\/strong> de chaves de roteamento, \u00e9 v\u00e1lido considerar v\u00e1rias <code>fanout exchange<\/code>, que est\u00e3o relacionadas 1:1 com a chave de roteamento. Lembre-se que <code>fanout exchange<\/code> \u00e9 a mais r\u00e1pida.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se o n\u00famero de rotas <strong>tende ao infinito<\/strong>, \u00e9 importante prestar aten\u00e7\u00e3o em <code>topic exchange<\/code> ou, se o padr\u00e3o n\u00e3o for necess\u00e1rio, pode-se escolher <code>troca direta<\/code>, pois \u00e9 mais r\u00e1pida. <code>topic exchange<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Combina\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes <code>exchange<\/code> devem ajudar a encontrar a configura\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>escal\u00e1vel correta<\/strong>, que atenda tanto \u00e0s necessidades atuais quanto \u00e0s crescentes do sistema.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Quantidade <code>exchange<\/code> e o n\u00famero de filas deve ser m\u00ednimo em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao n\u00famero de rotas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>No pr\u00f3ximo artigo, come\u00e7aremos a explorar mais detalhadamente as Filas e V\u00ednculos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ssylki\">Links<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rabbitmq.com\/\">Site do projeto RabbitMQ<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/489086\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exchange \u2014 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. Exchange \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 (bindings) \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c\u044e. Exchange \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Erlang-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u0418\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 exchange \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 (\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438) \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":69622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exchange \u2014 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. 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