{"id":71037,"date":"2020-02-23T14:45:41","date_gmt":"2020-02-23T11:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/lets-encrypt-pereshyol-k-proverke-s-ispolzovaniem-raznyh-podsetej"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:10:57","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:10:57","slug":"lets-encrypt-pereshyol-k-proverke-s-ispolzovaniem-raznyh-podsetej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/lets-encrypt-pereshyol-k-proverke-s-ispolzovaniem-raznyh-podsetej","title":{"rendered":"O Let's Encrypt mudou para verifica\u00e7\u00e3o utilizando sub-redes diferentes","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Autoridade certificadora sem fins lucrativos <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/letsencrypt.org\">Let&#8217;s Encrypt<\/a><\/noindex>, gerida pela comunidade e oferecendo certificados gratuitamente a todos os interessados, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/community.letsencrypt.org\/t\/acme-v1-v2-validating-challenges-from-multiple-network-vantage-points\/112253\">anunciou<\/a><\/noindex> sobre a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de um novo esquema de confirma\u00e7\u00e3o de autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o para a obten\u00e7\u00e3o de certificado para o dom\u00ednio. A consulta ao servidor onde est\u00e1 alojado o diret\u00f3rio utilizado na verifica\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;\/.well-known\/acme-challenge\/&#187; ser\u00e1 realizada agora utilizando v\u00e1rias solicita\u00e7\u00f5es HTTP, enviadas a partir de 4 endere\u00e7os IP diferentes, localizados em diferentes data centers e pertencentes a diferentes sistemas aut\u00f4nomos. A verifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 considerada bem-sucedida apenas se pelo menos 3 das 4 solicita\u00e7\u00f5es de diferentes IPs forem bem-sucedidas. <\/p>\n<p>A verifica\u00e7\u00e3o a partir de v\u00e1rias sub-redes permitir\u00e1 minimizar os riscos de obten\u00e7\u00e3o de certificados para dom\u00ednios alheios atrav\u00e9s de ataques direcionados que redirecionam o tr\u00e1fego por meio da substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de rotas fict\u00edcias usando BGP. A utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de um sistema de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o multiposicional exigir\u00e1 que o atacante consiga redirecionar simultaneamente rotas para v\u00e1rios sistemas aut\u00f4nomos de provedores com diferentes uplinks, o que \u00e9 consideravelmente mais complicado do que redirecionar uma \u00fanica rota. O envio de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es a partir de diferentes IPs tamb\u00e9m aumentar\u00e1 a confiabilidade da verifica\u00e7\u00e3o no caso de hosts individuais de Let&#8217;s Encrypt serem bloqueados (por exemplo, na R\u00fassia, alguns IPs de letsencrypt.org foram bloqueados pelo Roskomnadzor). <\/p>\n<p>At\u00e9 1 de junho, haver\u00e1 um per\u00edodo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o que permite a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de certificados ap\u00f3s a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o bem-sucedida a partir do data center prim\u00e1rio, na indisponibilidade do host a partir das outras sub-redes (por exemplo, isso pode ocorrer se o administrador do host no firewall permitiu solicita\u00e7\u00f5es apenas do data center principal de Let&#8217;s Encrypt ou devido a falhas de sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o das zonas no DNS). Com base nos logs, ser\u00e1 preparado uma lista branca para os dom\u00ednios que apresentam problemas de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o a partir de 3 data centers adicionais. Apenas dom\u00ednios com dados de contato preenchidos entrar\u00e3o na lista branca. Caso um dom\u00ednio n\u00e3o figure na lista branca automaticamente, o pedido para inclus\u00e3o pode ser enviado tamb\u00e9m atrav\u00e9s de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSfaW8KUOulxuf14bb5qsy0p30N83diZNYIpPD7OMFgT084hQg\/viewform\">um formul\u00e1rio especial<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Atualmente, o projeto Let&#8217;s Encrypt emitiu 113 milh\u00f5es de certificados, abrangendo cerca de 190 milh\u00f5es de dom\u00ednios (um ano atr\u00e1s, foram abrangidos 150 milh\u00f5es de dom\u00ednios, e dois anos atr\u00e1s \u2014 61 milh\u00f5es). Segundo as estat\u00edsticas do servi\u00e7o Firefox Telemetry, a quota global de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es de p\u00e1ginas via HTTPS \u00e9 de 81% (um ano atr\u00e1s era 77%, e dois anos atr\u00e1s \u2014 69%), e nos EUA \u2014 91%.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, pode-se notar, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digicert.com\/position-on-1-year-certificates\/\">inten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> da Apple<br \/>\nde deixar de confiar em certificados no navegador Safari que tenham um tempo de vida superior a 398 dias (13 meses). A limita\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 aplicada apenas a certificados emitidos a partir de 1\u00ba de setembro de 2020. Para aqueles obtidos antes de 1\u00ba de setembro, a confian\u00e7a ser\u00e1 mantida, mas limitada a 825 dias (2,2 anos).  <\/p>\n<p>A mudan\u00e7a pode impactar negativamente os neg\u00f3cios dos centros de certifica\u00e7\u00e3o que vendem certificados baratos com longos per\u00edodos de validade, que chegam a 5 anos. Segundo a Apple, a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de tais certificados cria amea\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a adicionais, dificulta a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o oportuna de novos padr\u00f5es criptogr\u00e1ficos e permite que os invasores mantenham o controle do tr\u00e1fego da v\u00edtima por longos per\u00edodos ou os utilizem para phishing em caso de vazamento sutil do certificado devido a uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52419\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 Let&#8217;s Encrypt, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 &#171;\/.well-known\/acme-challenge\/&#187;, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441 4 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 Let\u2019s Encrypt, 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