{"id":71650,"date":"2020-02-27T08:51:33","date_gmt":"2020-02-27T05:51:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/mozilla-nachinaet-vnedrenie-tehnologii-izolyaczii-bibliotek-rlbox"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:10:40","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:10:40","slug":"mozilla-nachinaet-vnedrenie-tehnologii-izolyaczii-bibliotek-rlbox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/mozilla-nachinaet-vnedrenie-tehnologii-izolyaczii-bibliotek-rlbox","title":{"rendered":"Mozilla come\u00e7a a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia de isolamento de bibliotecas RLBox","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pesquisadores da Universidade de Stanford, da Universidade da Calif\u00f3rnia em San Diego e da Universidade do Texas em Austin desenvolveram<\/a><\/noindex> um conjunto de ferramentas RLBox<\/a><\/noindex>, que pode ser aplicada como um n\u00edvel adicional de isolamento para bloquear vulnerabilidades em bibliotecas de fun\u00e7\u00f5es. RLBox visa resolver o problema de seguran\u00e7a de bibliotecas de terceiros n\u00e3o confi\u00e1veis, que n\u00e3o est\u00e3o sob controle dos desenvolvedores, mas cujas vulnerabilidades podem comprometer o projeto principal. <\/p>\n

A empresa Mozilla planeja<\/a><\/noindex> implementar RLBox em builds do Firefox para Linux 74 e em builds do Firefox para macOS 75 para isolar a execu\u00e7\u00e3o da biblioteca Graphite<\/a><\/noindex>, respons\u00e1vel pela renderiza\u00e7\u00e3o de fontes. Nesse sentido, RLBox n\u00e3o \u00e9 espec\u00edfico para o Firefox e pode ser utilizado para isolar quaisquer bibliotecas em projetos variados. Trabalhos<\/a><\/noindex> RLBox s\u00e3o distribu\u00eddos<\/a><\/noindex> sob a licen\u00e7a MIT. Atualmente, RLBox suporta opera\u00e7\u00e3o em plataformas Linux e macOS, com suporte para Windows previsto para mais tarde.<\/p>\n

O mecanismo<\/a><\/noindex> o funcionamento do RLBox consiste em compilar o c\u00f3digo C\/C++ da biblioteca a ser isolada em um c\u00f3digo intermedi\u00e1rio de baixo n\u00edvel WebAssembly, que \u00e9 ent\u00e3o formatado como um m\u00f3dulo WebAssembly, cujas permiss\u00f5es s\u00e3o definidas vinculadamente apenas a esse m\u00f3dulo (por exemplo, uma biblioteca para manipula\u00e7\u00e3o de strings n\u00e3o poder\u00e1 abrir um socket de rede ou um arquivo). A transforma\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00f3digo C\/C++ em WebAssembly \u00e9 realizada com a ajuda de wasi-sdk<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Para execu\u00e7\u00e3o imediata, o m\u00f3dulo WebAssembly \u00e9 compilado em c\u00f3digo de m\u00e1quina com o aux\u00edlio do compilador Lucet<\/a><\/noindex> e \u00e9 executado em um «nano-processo» isolado do restante da mem\u00f3ria do aplicativo. O compilador Lucet \u00e9 baseado no mesmo c\u00f3digo que o motor JIT Cranelift<\/a><\/noindex>, utilizado no Firefox para executar WebAssembly. <\/p>\n

O m\u00f3dulo compilado opera em uma \u00e1rea de mem\u00f3ria separada e n\u00e3o tem acesso ao restante do espa\u00e7o de endere\u00e7amento. Em caso de explora\u00e7\u00e3o de uma vulnerabilidade na biblioteca, o atacante ficar\u00e1 limitado e n\u00e3o poder\u00e1 acessar \u00e1reas de mem\u00f3ria do processo principal ou transferir controle para fora do ambiente isolado. <\/p>\n

\"Mozilla<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Para os desenvolvedores, foi fornecido um n\u00edvel elevado API<\/a><\/noindex>, que permite a chamada de fun\u00e7\u00f5es da biblioteca em um modo isolado. Os manipuladores WebAssembly exigem quase nenhum recurso adicional, e a intera\u00e7\u00e3o com eles n\u00e3o \u00e9 muito mais lenta do que a chamada de fun\u00e7\u00f5es normais (as fun\u00e7\u00f5es da biblioteca s\u00e3o executadas na forma de c\u00f3digo nativo, com sobrecarga ocorrendo apenas durante a c\u00f3pia e verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de dados no processo de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o ambiente isolado). As fun\u00e7\u00f5es da biblioteca isolada n\u00e3o podem ser chamadas diretamente e, para acess\u00e1-las, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio utilizar
\n a camada invoke_sandbox_function(). <\/p>\n

Por sua vez, se a biblioteca precisar chamar fun\u00e7\u00f5es externas, essas fun\u00e7\u00f5es devem ser explicitamente definidas usando o m\u00e9todo register_callback (por padr\u00e3o, o RLBox fornece acesso \u00e0s fun\u00e7\u00f5es da biblioteca padr\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex>). Para garantir uma opera\u00e7\u00e3o segura da mem\u00f3ria (memory safety), a simples execu\u00e7\u00e3o isolada do c\u00f3digo n\u00e3o \u00e9 suficiente; \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m necess\u00e1rio garantir a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos fluxos de dados retornados.<\/p>\n

Os valores formados no ambiente isolado s\u00e3o marcados como n\u00e3o confi\u00e1veis, limitados por meio de r\u00f3tulos tainted<\/a><\/noindex> e para «limpeza» requerem verifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> e c\u00f3pia para a mem\u00f3ria do aplicativo.
\nSem limpeza, a tentativa de uso de dados contaminados em um contexto que requer dados normais (e vice-versa) resulta em erros durante a fase de compila\u00e7\u00e3o. Pequenos argumentos de fun\u00e7\u00f5es, valores de retorno e estruturas s\u00e3o passados por c\u00f3pia entre a mem\u00f3ria do processo e a mem\u00f3ria do ambiente isolado. Para grandes conjuntos de dados, a mem\u00f3ria \u00e9 alocada no ambiente isolado, e um ponteiro direto «refer\u00eancia-sandbox» \u00e9 retornado ao processo principal. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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