{"id":73426,"date":"2020-03-09T14:42:13","date_gmt":"2020-03-09T11:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-memcached-1-6-0-s-vklyucheniem-podderzhki-vneshnego-hranilishha"},"modified":"2020-03-09T14:42:13","modified_gmt":"2020-03-09T11:42:13","slug":"reliz-memcached-1-6-0-s-vklyucheniem-podderzhki-vneshnego-hranilishha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/reliz-memcached-1-6-0-s-vklyucheniem-podderzhki-vneshnego-hranilishha","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do Memcached 1.6.0 com suporte a armazenamento externo","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Aconteceu<\/a><\/noindex> lan\u00e7amento significativo do sistema de cache de dados em mem\u00f3ria Memcached 1.6.0<\/a><\/noindex>, operando com dados no formato chave\/valor e se destacando pela simplicidade de uso. O Memcached \u00e9 geralmente aplicado como uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o leve para acelerar o desempenho de sites com alta carga, atrav\u00e9s do cache de acesso a bancos de dados e dados intermedi\u00e1rios. C\u00f3digo \u00e9 disponibilizado<\/a><\/noindex> sob a licen\u00e7a BSD.<\/p>\n

Na nova vers\u00e3o, a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do armazenamento «extstore<\/a><\/noindex>«, que agora \u00e9 compilado por padr\u00e3o (para desativ\u00e1-lo, a op\u00e7\u00e3o «—disable-extstore» est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel no script configure), mas requer ativa\u00e7\u00e3o expl\u00edcita na inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o (instala\u00e7\u00f5es antigas continuar\u00e3o funcionando ap\u00f3s a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o sem mudan\u00e7as). Embora o armazenamento «extstore» seja considerado est\u00e1vel de forma geral, recomenda-se cautela ao implement\u00e1-lo em sistemas muito grandes.<\/p>\n

Extstore permite o uso de dispositivos SSD\/Flash para expandir o tamanho do cache. Assim como ao usar a mem\u00f3ria RAM, o armazenamento em Flash n\u00e3o \u00e9 persistente e ser\u00e1 redefinido ao reiniciar. A nova modalidade \u00e9 destinada a garantir a cache eficiente de dados de grande tamanho. Ao usar «extstore», chaves e metadados, assim como antes, s\u00e3o armazenados apenas na mem\u00f3ria RAM, mas os grandes dados associados \u00e0s chaves, cujo tamanho excede o limite definido, s\u00e3o salvos em armazenamento externo, enquanto na RAM permanece apenas o ponteiro. <\/p>\n

Se os dados associados \u00e0 chave forem de pequeno tamanho, o Memcached funciona normalmente, mantendo os dados na mem\u00f3ria e n\u00e3o acessando o armazenamento externo. Se houver muita mem\u00f3ria livre, os dados mais requisitados podem estar totalmente em cache na mem\u00f3ria RAM (por exemplo, pode-se especificar que apenas objetos maiores que 1024 bytes, que n\u00e3o foram acessados nos \u00faltimos 3600 segundos», sejam salvos no Flash).<\/p>\n

A implementa\u00e7\u00e3o foi otimizada para garantir o m\u00e1ximo desempenho e m\u00ednima carga na CPU, em detrimento da efici\u00eancia de armazenamento (alto n\u00edvel de fragmenta\u00e7\u00e3o). Para prolongar a vida \u00fatil dos dispositivos Flash, os dados s\u00e3o armazenados em buffer e salvos no armazenamento de forma sequencial. Para manter o estado do cache entre reinicializa\u00e7\u00f5es, pode-se usar a nova funcionalidade introduzida na vers\u00e3o 1.5.18, que permite salvar um dump do cache em um arquivo. Na pr\u00f3xima inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel restaurar o cache a partir deste arquivo para evitar picos de carga nos manipuladores de conte\u00fado devido \u00e0 aus\u00eancia de dados no cache (o cache se torna imediatamente «quente»).<\/p>\n

A segunda altera\u00e7\u00e3o importante no Memcached 1.6 foi a reformula\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00f3digo para a intera\u00e7\u00e3o de rede, que agora \u00e9 adaptada para o tratamento autom\u00e1tico de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es em lote dentro de uma \u00fanica chamada de sistema. Anteriormente, ao enviar v\u00e1rios comandos 'GET' em um \u00fanico pacote TCP, o memcached enviava os resultados com a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de chamadas de sistema separadas. No Memcached 1.6, as respostas s\u00e3o agregadas e retornadas por meio do envio de uma \u00fanica chamada de sistema. Como resultado, agora temos em m\u00e9dia 1,5 chaves por chamada de sistema, o que demonstra em testes uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o na carga da CPU de at\u00e9 25% e uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o nas lat\u00eancias de alguns porcento.<\/p>\n

A reformula\u00e7\u00e3o do subsistema de rede tamb\u00e9m permitiu a aloca\u00e7\u00e3o din\u00e2mica de buffers conforme a necessidade, em vez da atribui\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1tica de buffers. Essa otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o reduziu o consumo de mem\u00f3ria em modo de espera por novos comandos atrav\u00e9s de uma conex\u00e3o estabelecida pelo cliente de 4.5 KB para 400-500 bytes, al\u00e9m de eliminar muitas chamadas malloc, realloc e free, que causavam fragmenta\u00e7\u00e3o desnecess\u00e1ria de mem\u00f3ria em sistemas com um grande n\u00famero de conex\u00f5es. Cada thread de trabalho agora gerencia seu pr\u00f3prio pool de buffers para leitura e grava\u00e7\u00e3o para conex\u00f5es ativas de clientes. Para ajustar o tamanho desses buffers
\ns\u00e3o previstas as op\u00e7\u00f5es '-o resp_obj_mem_limit=N' e '-o read_buf_mem_limit=N'.<\/p>\n

Na vers\u00e3o 1.6, tamb\u00e9m foi anunciado que o protocolo bin\u00e1rio foi declarado obsoleto no que diz respeito \u00e0 intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o servidor. A manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do protocolo bin\u00e1rio e a corre\u00e7\u00e3o de erros continuar\u00e3o, mas novos recursos e atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es de fun\u00e7\u00f5es existentes n\u00e3o ser\u00e3o implementados.<\/a><\/noindex> Protocolo de texto protocolo de texto<\/a><\/noindex> continuar\u00e1 o desenvolvimento sem mudan\u00e7as. O novo protocolo substituiu o protocolo bin\u00e1rio meta<\/a><\/noindex> (vers\u00e3o textual do protocolo com comandos meta compactos), demonstrando a combina\u00e7\u00e3o ideal de desempenho e confiabilidade. O novo protocolo abrange todas as opera\u00e7\u00f5es anteriormente dispon\u00edveis atrav\u00e9s dos protocolos textual e bin\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 «extstore«, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Lan\u00e7amento do 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