{"id":75678,"date":"2020-03-27T19:42:27","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T17:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/o-chem-molchit-explain-i-kak-ego-razgovorit"},"modified":"2020-03-27T19:42:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-27T17:42:27","slug":"o-chem-molchit-explain-i-kak-ego-razgovorit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/o-chem-molchit-explain-i-kak-ego-razgovorit","title":{"rendered":"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A cl\u00e1ssica pergunta que um desenvolvedor faz ao seu DBA ou ao propriet\u00e1rio de um neg\u00f3cio \u2014 ao consultor de PostgreSQL \u2014 quase sempre \u00e9 a mesma: <i>\u00abPor que os pedidos demoram tanto a serem executados no banco de dados?\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Um conjunto tradicional de raz\u00f5es:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>algoritmo ineficiente<\/b><br \/>\nquando voc\u00ea decidiu fazer um JOIN de v\u00e1rias CTE com algumas dezenas de milhares de registros<\/li>\n<li><b>estat\u00edsticas desatualizadas<\/b><br \/>\nse a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o real dos dados na tabela j\u00e1 difere significativamente da coletada pelo ANALYZE na \u00faltima vez<\/li>\n<li><b>um \u2018estrangulamento\u2019 de recursos<\/b><br \/>\ne j\u00e1 n\u00e3o h\u00e1 poder computacional suficiente no CPU, megabytes de mem\u00f3ria est\u00e3o sendo consumidos constantemente ou o disco n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de acompanhar todas as \u2018demandas\u2019 do banco de dados<\/li>\n<li><b>bloqueios<\/b> de processos concorrentes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nE se os bloqueios s\u00e3o bastante dif\u00edceis de capturar e analisar, para todo o resto, podemos simplesmente usar <b>o plano da consulta<\/b>, que pode ser obtido com <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/docs\/postgresql\/12\/using-explain\">o operador EXPLAIN<\/a><\/noindex> (<i>\u00e9 melhor, claro, usar EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) imediatamente \u2026<\/i>) ou <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/docs\/postgresql\/12\/auto-explain\">o m\u00f3dulo auto_explain<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Mas, como diz a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o, <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00abEntender o plano \u00e9 uma arte e para domin\u00e1-lo \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio ter alguma experi\u00eancia,\u2026\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Mas voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m pode conseguir isso sem ele, se usar a ferramenta certa!<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nComo geralmente \u00e9 o plano da consulta? Algo assim:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Index Scan usando pg_class_relname_nsp_index em pg_class (tempo real=0.049..0.050 linhas=1 loops=1)\n  Condi\u00e7\u00e3o do \u00cdndice: (relname = $1)\n  Filtro: (oid = $0)\n  Buffers: hit compartilhado=4\n  InitPlan 1 (retorna $0,$1)\n    -&gt;  Limite (tempo real=0.019..0.020 linhas=1 loops=1)\n          Buffers: hit compartilhado=1\n          -&gt;  Seq Scan em pg_class pg_class_1 (tempo real=0.015..0.015 linhas=1 loops=1)\n                Filtro: (relkind = 'r'::\"char\")\n                Linhas Removidas pelo Filtro: 5\n                Buffers: hit compartilhado=1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nou assim:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">\"Append  (custo=868.60..878.95 linhas=2 largura=233) (tempo real=0.024..0.144 linhas=2 loops=1)\"\n\"  Buffers: hit compartilhado=3\"\n\"  CTE cl\"\n\"    -&gt;  Seq Scan em pg_class  (custo=0.00..868.60 linhas=9972 largura=537) (tempo real=0.016..0.042 linhas=101 loops=1)\"\n\"          Buffers: hit compartilhado=3\"\n\"  -&gt;  Limite  (custo=0.00..0.10 linhas=1 largura=233) (tempo real=0.023..0.024 linhas=1 loops=1)\"\n\"        Buffers: hit compartilhado=1\"\n\"        -&gt;  CTE Scan em cl  (custo=0.00..997.20 linhas=9972 largura=233) (tempo real=0.021..0.021 linhas=1 loops=1)\"\n\"              Buffers: hit compartilhado=1\"\n\"  -&gt;  Limite  (custo=10.00..10.10 linhas=1 largura=233) (tempo real=0.117..0.118 linhas=1 loops=1)\"\n\"        Buffers: hit compartilhado=2\"\n\"        -&gt;  CTE Scan em cl cl_1  (custo=0.00..997.20 linhas=9972 largura=233) (tempo real=0.001..0.104 linhas=101 loops=1)\"\n\"              Buffers: hit compartilhado=2\"\n\"Tempo de Planejamento: 0.634 ms\"\n\"Tempo de Execu\u00e7\u00e3o: 0.248 ms\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMas ler o plano texto \u2018do papel\u2019 \u00e9 muito complicado e pouco intuitivo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>no n\u00f3 \u00e9 exibida <b>a soma dos recursos da sub\u00e1rvore<\/b><br \/>\nou seja, para entender quanto tempo levou para executar um determinado n\u00f3, ou quanto especificamente essa leitura da tabela trouxe dados do disco - \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio subtrair uma coisa da outra<\/li>\n<li>o tempo do n\u00f3 \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio <b>multiplicar por loops<\/b><br \/>\nsim, a subtra\u00e7\u00e3o ainda n\u00e3o \u00e9 a opera\u00e7\u00e3o mais dif\u00edcil que deve ser feita \"na cabe\u00e7a\" - pois o tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o m\u00e9dio para uma execu\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00f3, e eles podem ser centenas<\/li>\n<li>bem, tudo isso junto dificulta responder \u00e0 pergunta principal - ent\u00e3o quem \u00e9 <b>\"o elo mais fraco\"<\/b>?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nQuando tentamos explicar tudo isso para algumas centenas de nossos desenvolvedores, percebemos que de fora parece mais ou menos assim:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/abb07e902639b5ec245851aa4a0edb58.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAh, ent\u00e3o, precisamos de\u2026<\/p>\n<h2>A ferramenta<\/h2>\n<p>\nNele, tentamos reunir todas as mec\u00e2nicas-chave que ajudam a entender, por plano e solicita\u00e7\u00e3o, \"quem \u00e9 o culpado e o que fazer\". E, al\u00e9m disso, compartilhar parte de nossa experi\u00eancia com a comunidade.<br \/>\nConhe\u00e7am e utilizem - <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/explain.tensor.ru\/\">explain.tensor.ru<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<h3>Clareza nos planos<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00c9 f\u00e1cil entender o plano quando ele aparece assim?<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Seq Scan em pg_class (tempo real=0.009..1.304 linhas=6609 loops=1)\n  Buffers: compartilhado hit=263\nTempo de Planejamento: 0.108 ms\nTempo de Execu\u00e7\u00e3o: 1.800 ms\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nN\u00e3o muito.<\/p>\n<p>Mas assim, <b>de forma condensada<\/b>, quando as m\u00e9tricas chave est\u00e3o separadas - j\u00e1 fica muito mais claro:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/18404ce800de847f1934ac2c7fef10be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMas se o plano for mais complicado - a ajuda vir\u00e1 <b>gr\u00e1fico de pizza de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de tempo<\/b> por n\u00f3s:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ca9fdd07278801e4f3ad15e997efc1a0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nBem, para os casos mais complicados, a ajuda vem com <b>diagrama de execu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c03f358858206d7ccae20fd8142baa8c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPor exemplo, podem ocorrer situa\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o triviais em que o plano pode ter mais de uma raiz real:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ea4f3f498737e9cc3f8f40c16a5bd1d7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/267273e8491d6b4403442672612c33ff.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Sugest\u00f5es estruturais<\/h3>\n<p>\nBem, se toda a estrutura do plano e seus pontos fracos j\u00e1 est\u00e3o dispostos e vis\u00edveis - por que n\u00e3o destac\u00e1-los para o desenvolvedor e explicar em 'linguagem simples'?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0e7157a09f7f5707e769cc1d6a8f3af8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>Reunimos j\u00e1 v\u00e1rias dezenas desses modelos de recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<h3>Profiler de consulta linha a linha<\/h3>\n<p>\nAgora, se sobrepusermos a consulta inicial ao plano analisado, poderemos ver quanto tempo foi gasto em cada operador espec\u00edfico - aproximadamente assim:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0766d331798d529363d10006ace211f3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u2026 ou at\u00e9 assim:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sobre o que o EXPLAIN n\u00e3o fala e como faz\u00ea-lo conversar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/4efd23d84792c5a7f54b40e86ff17353.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de par\u00e2metros na consulta<\/h3>\n<p>\nSe voc\u00ea 'anexou' ao plano n\u00e3o apenas a consulta, mas tamb\u00e9m seus par\u00e2metros da linha DETAIL do log, poder\u00e1 copir\u00e1-la adicionalmente em uma das variantes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>com substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de valores na consulta<br \/>\npara execu\u00e7\u00e3o direta em sua base e posterior perfilagem<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">SELECT 'const', 'param'::text;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>com substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de valores atrav\u00e9s de PREPARE\/EXECUTE<br \/>\npara emular o funcionamento do agendador, quando a parte param\u00e9trica pode ser ignorada \u2014 por exemplo, ao trabalhar com tabelas particionadas<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">DEALLOCATE ALL;\nPREPARE q(text) AS SELECT 'const', $1::text;\nEXECUTE q('param'::text);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Arquivo de planos<\/h3>\n<p>\nInsira, analise e compartilhe com seus colegas! Os planos permanecer\u00e3o no arquivo e voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 retorn\u00e1-los mais tarde: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/explain.tensor.ru\/archive\/\">explain.tensor.ru\/archive<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Mas se voc\u00ea n\u00e3o quiser que seu plano seja visto por outros, n\u00e3o se esque\u00e7a de marcar a op\u00e7\u00e3o \"n\u00e3o publicar no arquivo\".<\/p>\n<p>Nos pr\u00f3ximos artigos, falarei sobre as dificuldades e solu\u00e7\u00f5es que surgem ao analisar o plano.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tensor\/blog\/477624\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 DBA \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e PostgreSQL, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e: \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e?\u00bb \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d: \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c JOIN \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 CTE \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":75679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 DBA \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u043a 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