{"id":76047,"date":"2020-03-30T19:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T17:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-kubernetes-1-18-sistemy-upravleniya-klasterom-izolirovannyh-kontejnerov"},"modified":"2020-03-30T19:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T17:42:04","slug":"vypusk-kubernetes-1-18-sistemy-upravleniya-klasterom-izolirovannyh-kontejnerov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-kubernetes-1-18-sistemy-upravleniya-klasterom-izolirovannyh-kontejnerov","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do Kubernetes 1.18, sistema de gerenciamento de clusters de cont\u00eaineres isolados","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/2020\/03\/25\/kubernetes-1-18-release-announcement\/\">Publicado<\/a><\/noindex> lan\u00e7amento da plataforma de orquestra\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/\">Kubernetes 1.18<\/a><\/noindex>, permitindo gerenciar como um todo um cluster de cont\u00eaineres isolados e fornecendo mecanismos para implanta\u00e7\u00e3o, gerenciamento e escalonamento de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es executadas em cont\u00eaineres. O projeto foi inicialmente criado pela Google, mas posteriormente transferido para uma plataforma independente, supervisionada pela Linux Foundation. A plataforma \u00e9 posicionada como uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o universal desenvolvida pela comunidade, n\u00e3o vinculada a sistemas espec\u00edficos e capaz de operar com quaisquer aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em qualquer ambiente de nuvem. O c\u00f3digo do Kubernetes \u00e9 escrito em Go e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\">\u00e9 distribu\u00eddo<\/a><\/noindex> est\u00e3o sob a licen\u00e7a Apache 2.0. <\/p>\n<p>fornece fun\u00e7\u00f5es para implanta\u00e7\u00e3o e gerenciamento de infraestrutura, como manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de banco de dados DNS, balanceamento de carga,<br \/>\ndistribui\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres entre os n\u00f3s do cluster (migra\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres com base na mudan\u00e7a de carga e nas necessidades de servi\u00e7os), verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de integridade em n\u00edvel de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o, gerenciamento de contas, atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o e escalonamento din\u00e2mico do cluster em funcionamento, sem interrup\u00e7\u00f5es. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel implantar grupos de cont\u00eaineres realizando opera\u00e7\u00f5es de atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o e revers\u00e3o imediatamente para todo o grupo, bem como segmenta\u00e7\u00e3o l\u00f3gica do cluster em partes com separa\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos. Suporte \u00e9 oferecido para migra\u00e7\u00e3o din\u00e2mica de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, cujos dados podem ser armazenados em sistemas de armazenamento locais ou em rede. <\/p>\n<p>A vers\u00e3o Kubernetes 1.18 inclui 38 mudan\u00e7as e melhorias, das quais 15 foram promovidas ao status est\u00e1vel, e 11 ao status beta. 12 novas mudan\u00e7as foram propostas no status alfa. Ao preparar a nova vers\u00e3o, esfor\u00e7os iguais foram direcionados tanto para aprimorar diversas funcionalidades e estabilizar recursos experimentais, quanto para adicionar novos desenvolvimentos. Principais mudan\u00e7as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kubectl\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-cli\/20190805-kubectl-debug.md\">Adicionada<\/a><\/noindex> vers\u00e3o alfa do comando &#171;kubectl debug&#187;, que facilita a depura\u00e7\u00e3o em pods, atrav\u00e9s da execu\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres ef\u00eameros com ferramentas de depura\u00e7\u00e3o.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-cli\/20200115-kubectl-diff.md\">Declarado est\u00e1vel<\/a><\/noindex> comando &#171;kubectl diff&#187;, que permite visualizar o que mudar\u00e1 no cluster se um manifesto for aplicado.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/87077\">Removidos<\/a><\/noindex> todos os geradores do comando &#171;kubectl run&#187;, exceto o gerador de um \u00fanico pod.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/87580\">Alterado<\/a><\/noindex> flag &#171;&#8212;dry-run&#187;, dependendo do seu valor (client, server e none), a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de teste do comando \u00e9 realizada no lado do cliente ou do servidor.\n<li class=\"l\"> C\u00f3digo kubectl <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-cli\/kubectl-staging.md\">destacado<\/a><\/noindex> em um reposit\u00f3rio separado. Isso permitiu separar o kubectl de depend\u00eancias internas do kubernetes e facilitou a importa\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00f3digo em projetos de terceiros.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ingress\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/758\">Come\u00e7ou<\/a><\/noindex> mudan\u00e7a do grupo API para Ingress para networking.v1beta1.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-network\/20190125-ingress-api-group.md\">Adicionados<\/a><\/noindex> novos campos:\n<ul>\n<li> pathType, que permite especificar como o caminho na solicita\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 comparado\n<li> IngressClassName &#8212; substitui\u00e7\u00e3o da anota\u00e7\u00e3o kubernetes.io\/ingress.class, que foi declarada obsoleta. Neste campo \u00e9 indicado o nome de um objeto especial IngressClass.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/ingress\/#ingress-class\">Adicionado<\/a><\/noindex> o objeto IngressClass, onde se especifica o controlador de ingress, seus par\u00e2metros adicionais e se deve ser usado como padr\u00e3o\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Service\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/service\/#application-protocol\">Adicionado<\/a><\/noindex> o campo AppProtocol, onde se pode indicar qual protocolo o aplicativo utiliza\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/endpoint-slices\/\">Foi traduzido<\/a><\/noindex> para o status beta e habilitado por padr\u00e3o EndpointSlicesAPI, que \u00e9 uma substitui\u00e7\u00e3o mais funcional para os Endpoints comuns.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Rede\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/508\">Suporte<\/a><\/noindex> IPv6 foi traduzido para o status beta.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Discos permanentes. A seguinte funcionalidade foi declarada est\u00e1vel:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/989\">Clonagem de PVC<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/features\/issues\/351\">Uso de dispositivos de bloco raw n\u00e3o conectados como discos permanentes<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/565\">Suporte a dispositivos de bloco raw no CSI<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/603\">Transmiss\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o pod que solicitou a conex\u00e3o do disco para o driver CSI<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Configura\u00e7\u00e3o do aplicativo\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  Nos objetos ConfigMap e Secret <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/generated\/kubernetes-api\/v1.18\/#configmap-v1-core\">adicionado<\/a><\/noindex> novo campo &#171;immutable&#187;. Definir o valor do campo como true pro\u00edbe a altera\u00e7\u00e3o do objeto.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Agendador\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-scheduling\/20200114-multi-scheduling-profiles.md\">Adicionada<\/a><\/noindex> possibilidade de criar perfis adicionais para o kube-scheduler. Se anteriormente era necess\u00e1rio executar planejadores separados para implementar algoritmos de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de pods n\u00e3o-padr\u00e3o, agora \u00e9 poss\u00edvel criar conjuntos adicionais de configura\u00e7\u00f5es para o planejador padr\u00e3o e especificar seu nome no mesmo campo do pod &#171;.spec.schedulerName&#187;. Status &#8212; alfa.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/configuration\/taint-and-toleration\/#taint-based-evictions\">Evic\u00e7\u00e3o baseadas em Taint<\/a><\/noindex> declarada est\u00e1vel\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Escalabilidade\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-autoscaling\/20190307-configurable-scale-velocity-for-hpa.md\">Adicionada<\/a><\/noindex> a capacidade de especificar no manifesto HPA o grau de agressividade ao mudar o n\u00famero de pods em execu\u00e7\u00e3o, ou seja, ao aumentar a carga, iniciar imediatamente N vezes mais inst\u00e2ncias.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> come\u00e7ou a usar\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nolancon\/website\/blob\/f4200307260ea3234540ef13ed80de325e1a7267\/content\/en\/docs\/tasks\/administer-cluster\/topology-manager.md\">Gerenciador de Topologia<\/a><\/noindex> recebeu status beta. A fun\u00e7\u00e3o inclui aloca\u00e7\u00e3o NUMA, o que ajuda a evitar degrada\u00e7\u00e3o de desempenho em sistemas multi-socket.\n<li class=\"l\"> Status beta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/configuration\/pod-overhead\/\">recebeu<\/a><\/noindex>  fun\u00e7\u00e3o PodOverhead, permitindo especificar no RuntimeClass uma quantidade adicional de recursos necess\u00e1ria para iniciar o pod.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1539\">Expandido<\/a><\/noindex> suporte a HugePages, a isola\u00e7\u00e3o em n\u00edvel de cont\u00eainer foi adicionada no status alfa, bem como o suporte a v\u00e1rios tamanhos de hugepages.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/86282\">Removido<\/a><\/noindex> endpoint para m\u00e9tricas \\\/metrics\\resource\\\/v1alpha1, em vez disso, \u00e9 utilizado \\\/metrics\\resource\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> API\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/85903\">Definitivamente<\/a><\/noindex> remo\u00e7\u00e3o da capacidade de usar os grupos de API obsoletos apps\\\/v1beta1 e extensions\\\/v1beta1.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/using-api\/api-concepts\/#server-side-apply\">ServerSide Apply<\/a><\/noindex> elevado ao status beta2. Esta melhoria transfere a manipula\u00e7\u00e3o de objetos do kubectl para o servidor API. Os autores da melhoria afirmam que isso permitir\u00e1 corrigir v\u00e1rios erros existentes que n\u00e3o podem ser resolvidos na situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual. Tamb\u00e9m foi adicionada a se\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;.metadata.managedFields&#187;, onde se prop\u00f5e armazenar o hist\u00f3rico de altera\u00e7\u00f5es do objeto, indicando quem, quando e o que exatamente foi alterado.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-auth\/20190607-certificates-api.md\">Anunciado<\/a><\/noindex> como est\u00e1vel o API CertificateSigningRequest.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte \u00e0 plataforma Windows.\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Continua a expans\u00e3o do suporte a Windows node. Vers\u00f5es alfa adicionadas:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1001\">Suporte a CRI-Contaierd<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1301\">Implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do RuntimeClass<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1122\">CSI proxy<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> O suporte a Group Managed Service Account foi promovido ao status est\u00e1vel\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/689\">Publicada a vers\u00e3o da plataforma de orquestra\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1043\">RunAsUserName<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52635\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 Kubernetes 1.18, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 Linux Foundation. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a 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