{"id":76911,"date":"2020-04-06T07:42:08","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T05:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0"},"modified":"2020-04-06T07:42:08","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T05:42:08","slug":"vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento do conjunto de ferramentas de gerenciamento de cont\u00eaineres LXC e LXD 4.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Canonical <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/lxd-4-0-lts-stable-release-is-now-available\">publicou<\/a><\/noindex> lan\u00e7amento de ferramentas para organiza\u00e7\u00e3o do trabalho com cont\u00eaineres isolados <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxc\/\">LXC 4.0<\/a><\/noindex>, gerenciador de cont\u00eaineres <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxd\/\">LXD 4.0<\/a><\/noindex> e sistema de arquivos virtual <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxcfs\/\">LXCFS 4.0<\/a><\/noindex> para simula\u00e7\u00e3o em cont\u00eaineres \/proc, \/sys e visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o virtualizada de cgroupfs para distribui\u00e7\u00f5es que n\u00e3o suportam namespaces para cgroup. A vers\u00e3o 4.0 \u00e9 classificada como um lan\u00e7amento com suporte a longo prazo, com atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es disponibilizadas durante 5 anos<\/p>\n<p>LXC \u00e9 um runtime para executar cont\u00eaineres de sistema e cont\u00eaineres de aplicativos individuais (OCI). O LXC inclui a biblioteca liblxc, um conjunto de utilit\u00e1rios (lxc-create, lxc-start, lxc-stop, lxc-ls, etc.), modelos para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de cont\u00eaineres e um conjunto de bindings para v\u00e1rias linguagens de programa\u00e7\u00e3o. O isolamento \u00e9 realizado usando os mecanismos padr\u00e3o do kernel Linux. Para isolar processos, o stack de rede, ipc, uts, identificadores de usu\u00e1rios e pontos de montagem, \u00e9 utilizado o mecanismo de namespaces. Para limitar recursos, aplicam-se cgroups. Para reduzir privil\u00e9gios e limitar o acesso, s\u00e3o utilizadas funcionalidades do kernel, como perfis Apparmor e SELinux, pol\u00edticas Seccomp, Chroots (pivot_root) e capabilities. O c\u00f3digo do LXC <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lxc\/lxc\">\u00e9 escrito<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9 escrito em C e distribu\u00eddo sob a licen\u00e7a GPLv2.<\/p>\n<p>LXD \u00e9 uma camada sobre o LXC, CRIU e QEMU, utilizada para gerenciamento centralizado de cont\u00eaineres e m\u00e1quinas virtuais em um ou v\u00e1rios servidores. Enquanto o LXC \u00e9 uma ferramenta de baixo n\u00edvel para manipula\u00e7\u00e3o em n\u00edvel de cont\u00eaineres individuais, o LXD \u00e9 implementado como um processo em segundo plano que aceita solicita\u00e7\u00f5es pela rede atrav\u00e9s da API REST, permitindo criar configura\u00e7\u00f5es escal\u00e1veis implantadas em um cluster de v\u00e1rios servidores.<br \/>\nSuporta v\u00e1rios backends de armazenamento (\u00e1rvore de diret\u00f3rios, ZFS, Btrfs, LVM), snapshots com captura de estado, migra\u00e7\u00e3o ao vivo de cont\u00eaineres em opera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma m\u00e1quina para outra e ferramentas para organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de reposit\u00f3rios de imagens. O c\u00f3digo do LXD <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lxc\/lxd\">\u00e9 escrito<\/a><\/noindex> \u00e9 escrito em Go e distribu\u00eddo sob a licen\u00e7a Apache 2.0.<\/p>\n<p>Principais <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discuss.linuxcontainers.org\/t\/lxc-4-0-lts-has-been-released\/7182\">s\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> no LXC 4.0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> O driver para trabalhar com cgroup foi completamente reescrito. Adicionada a suporte para a hierarquia unificada de cgroup (cgroup2). Funcionalidade do controlador freezer adicionada, permitindo parar a opera\u00e7\u00e3o em cgroup e liberar temporariamente alguns recursos (CPU, entrada\/sa\u00edda e potencialmente at\u00e9 mesmo mem\u00f3ria) para executar outras tarefas;\n<li class=\"l\"> Infraestrutura para intercepta\u00e7\u00e3o de chamadas de sistema implementada;\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a suporte para o subsistema do n\u00facleo \u00abpidfd\u00bb, destinado a lidar com a situa\u00e7\u00e3o de reutiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de PID (pidfd est\u00e1 vinculado a um processo espec\u00edfico e n\u00e3o muda, enquanto o PID pode ser associado a outro processo ap\u00f3s a conclus\u00e3o do processo atual associado a esse PID);\n<li class=\"l\"> Melhorias na cria\u00e7\u00e3o e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de dispositivos de rede, bem como em suas movimenta\u00e7\u00f5es entre namespaces do subsistema de rede;\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementada a capacidade de mover dispositivos de rede sem fio (nl80211) para cont\u00eaineres.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Principais  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discuss.linuxcontainers.org\/t\/lxd-4-0-lts-has-been-released\/7231\/\">s\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> no LXD 4.0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte adicionado para iniciar n\u00e3o apenas cont\u00eaineres, mas tamb\u00e9m m\u00e1quinas virtuais;\n<li class=\"l\"> Para segmenta\u00e7\u00e3o de servidores LXD, foi proposta a concep\u00e7\u00e3o de projetos, que simplificam o gerenciamento de grupos de cont\u00eaineres e m\u00e1quinas virtuais. Cada projeto pode incluir seu pr\u00f3prio conjunto de cont\u00eaineres, m\u00e1quinas virtuais, imagens, perfis e volumes de armazenamento. Restri\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas e altera\u00e7\u00f5es de configura\u00e7\u00e3o podem ser definidas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos projetos;\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte adicionado para intercepta\u00e7\u00e3o de chamadas de sistema para cont\u00eaineres;\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementada a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de backups de ambientes e recupera\u00e7\u00e3o a partir deles;\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementada a cria\u00e7\u00e3o automatizada de snapshots de ambientes e volumes de armazenamento, com a possibilidade de definir a dura\u00e7\u00e3o dos snapshots;\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionado API para monitorar o estado da rede (lxc network info);\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte adicionado   <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linuxkit\/linuxkit\/tree\/master\/projects\/shiftfs\">shiftfs<\/a><\/noindex>, FS virtual para mapear pontos de montagem com namespaces de identificadores de usu\u00e1rios (user namespace);\n<li class=\"l\"> Propostos novos tipos de adaptadores de rede \u00abipvlan\u00bb e \u00abrouted\u00bb;\n<li class=\"l\"> Backend adicionado para usar armazenamentos baseados em CephFS;\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte \u00e0 replica\u00e7\u00e3o de imagens e configura\u00e7\u00f5es multi-arquitetura implementado para clusters;\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionada a capacidade de gerenciamento de acesso baseado em fun\u00e7\u00f5es (RBAC);\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte adicionado ao CGroup2;\n<li class=\"l\"> Possibilidade de configurar o endere\u00e7o MAC e determinar o endere\u00e7o de origem para NAT adicionada;\n<li class=\"l\"> API adicionada para gerenciar v\u00ednculos no DHCP (leases);\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporte adicionado ao Nftables.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52679\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXC 4.0, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXD 4.0 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 LXCFS 4.0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \/proc, \/sys \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f cgroupfs \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 4.0 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f 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