{"id":78802,"date":"2020-04-22T01:42:02","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T23:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-20-03-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix"},"modified":"2020-04-22T01:42:02","modified_gmt":"2020-04-21T23:42:02","slug":"vypusk-distributiva-nixos-20-03-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-20-03-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7amento da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o NixOS 20.03, que usa o gerenciador de pacotes Nix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discourse.nixos.org\/t\/nixos-20-03-release\/6785\">Apresentado<\/a><\/noindex> o lan\u00e7amento da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/\">NixOS 20.03<\/a><\/noindex>, que \u00e9 baseado no gerenciador de pacotes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/nix\/\">Nix<\/a><\/noindex> e fornece uma s\u00e9rie de desenvolvimentos pr\u00f3prios que facilitam a configura\u00e7\u00e3o e a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema. Por exemplo, no NixOS, \u00e9 utilizado um \u00fanico arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema (configuration.nix), que permite a r\u00e1pida revers\u00e3o de atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, suporte \u00e0 altern\u00e2ncia entre diferentes estados do sistema, instala\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes individuais por usu\u00e1rios distintos (o pacote \u00e9 instalado no diret\u00f3rio pessoal), instala\u00e7\u00e3o simult\u00e2nea de v\u00e1rias vers\u00f5es de um mesmo programa e garantias de compila\u00e7\u00f5es reproduz\u00edveis. O tamanho total <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nixos.org\/nixos\/download.html\">imagem de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex> com KDE \u2014 1,2 GB, vers\u00e3o console reduzida \u2014 540 MB. <\/p>\n<p>Principais <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nixos.org\/nixos\/manual\/release-notes.html#sec-release-20.03\">novidades<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> As vers\u00f5es dos componentes da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o foram atualizadas, incluindo o kernel Linux 5.4 (antes 4.19),<br \/>\n    gcc 9.2.0,<br \/>\n    glibc 2.30,<br \/>\n    mesa 19.3.3,<br \/>\n    openssl 1.1.1d,<br \/>\n    PostgreSQL 11, OpenSSH 8.1.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Os ambientes de trabalho foram atualizados para KDE 5.17.5 (+ KDE Applications 19.12.3),<br \/>\n    GNOME 3.34 e Pantheon 5.1.3 (do Elementary OS). Ao ativar Pantheon atrav\u00e9s da configura\u00e7\u00e3o services.xserver.desktopManager.pantheon.enable, a tela de login associada \u00e9 habilitada automaticamente.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> No instalador gr\u00e1fico, ap\u00f3s a instala\u00e7\u00e3o, o in\u00edcio autom\u00e1tico da sess\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica \u00e9 garantido (anteriormente era exibido um prompt de console com a sugest\u00e3o de executar &#171;systemctl start display-manager&#187; se fosse necess\u00e1rio um interface gr\u00e1fica). Para desativar o in\u00edcio do gerenciador de tela, foi adicionado um item no menu de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;Disable display-manager&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Para pools ZFS, \u00e9 garantido que a opera\u00e7\u00e3o TRIM seja executada semanalmente para drives NVME e SSD (configura\u00e7\u00e3o services.zfs.trim.enable). Se o ZFS estiver presente na configura\u00e7\u00e3o config.boot.initrd.supportedFilesystems ou config.boot.supportedFilesystems, tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e3o realizadas verifica\u00e7\u00f5es peri\u00f3dicas (services.zfs.autoScrub.enable) e cria\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica de snapshots (services.zfs.autoSnapshot.enable).\n<li class=\"l\"> O c\u00f3digo nixos-option foi reescrito em C++ e expandido com a op\u00e7\u00e3o &#171;-r&#187; para exibir todas as configura\u00e7\u00f5es.\n<li class=\"l\"> As configura\u00e7\u00f5es services.xserver.desktopManager.default e services.xserver.windowManager.default foram substitu\u00eddas pela op\u00e7\u00e3o universal services.xserver.displayManager.defaultSession (por exemplo, services.xserver.displayManager.defaultSession = &#171;xfce+icewm&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> Adicionado <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nixos.org\/nixos\/manual\/release-notes.html#sec-release-20.03-new-services\">46 novos servi\u00e7os<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> As imagens para cart\u00f5es SD s\u00e3o, por padr\u00e3o, comprimidas com bzip2.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ao usar o Nix, os pacotes s\u00e3o instalados em uma \u00e1rvore de diret\u00f3rios separada \/nix\/store ou em um subdiret\u00f3rio no diret\u00f3rio do usu\u00e1rio. Por exemplo, um pacote \u00e9 instalado como \/nix\/store\/f2a4\u20268a143-firefox-75.0.0\/, onde &#171;f2a4\u2026&#187; \u00e9 um identificador \u00fanico do pacote, utilizado para controle de depend\u00eancias. Os pacotes s\u00e3o formatados como cont\u00eaineres, contendo os componentes necess\u00e1rios para o funcionamento dos aplicativos.<br \/>\nUma abordagem semelhante \u00e9 usada no gerenciador de pacotes GNU Guix, que \u00e9 baseado nos conceitos do Nix.<\/p>\n<p>Entre os pacotes, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel identificar depend\u00eancias, utilizando a varredura de hashes-identificadores no diret\u00f3rio dos pacotes instalados para verificar a presen\u00e7a de depend\u00eancias j\u00e1 estabelecidas. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel tanto fazer o download de pacotes bin\u00e1rios prontos do reposit\u00f3rio (ao instalar atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es, somente as altera\u00e7\u00f5es delta dos pacotes bin\u00e1rios s\u00e3o baixadas), quanto compilar a partir de c\u00f3digos-fonte com todas as depend\u00eancias. A cole\u00e7\u00e3o de pacotes \u00e9 apresentada em um reposit\u00f3rio especial. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/nixpkgs\/\">Nixpkgs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52775\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 20.03, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Nix \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 NixOS \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (configuration.nix), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 20.03.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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