{"id":81922,"date":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","date_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli"},"modified":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","slug":"kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","title":{"rendered":"Como migrar um container OpenVZ 6 para um servidor KVM sem complica\u00e7\u00f5es","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Todos que precisaram, pelo menos uma vez na vida, transferir um cont\u00eainer OpenVZ para um servidor com virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o KVM total, enfrentaram alguns problemas:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A maior parte das informa\u00e7\u00f5es est\u00e1 banalmente desatualizada e era relevante para ciclos EOL do sistema operacional que j\u00e1 passaram h\u00e1 muito tempo.<\/li>\n<li>Diferentes sistemas operacionais sempre oferecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es variadas, e nunca discutem poss\u00edveis erros durante a migra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c0s vezes, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio lidar com configura\u00e7\u00f5es que simplesmente n\u00e3o funcionam ap\u00f3s a migra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Quando voc\u00ea transfere um servidor, sempre pode corrigir algo no caminho, mas e quando transfere um cluster inteiro? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Neste artigo, tentarei explicar como migrar corretamente um cont\u00eainer OpenVZ para KVM com o m\u00ednimo de tempo de inatividade e uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida para todos os problemas.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nebolshoy-likbez-chto-takoe-openvz-i-chto-takoe-kvm\">Um pequeno esclarecimento: o que \u00e9 OpenVZ e o que \u00e9 KVM?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e3o vamos nos aprofundar na terminologia, mas diremos em termos gerais:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>OpenVZ<\/strong> \u2014 virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o em n\u00edvel de sistema operacional, que pode ser implementada at\u00e9 em um micro-ondas, pois n\u00e3o h\u00e1 necessidade de instru\u00e7\u00f5es de CPU e tecnologias de virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o na m\u00e1quina host. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM <\/strong> \u2014 virtualiza\u00e7\u00e3o completa, que utiliza toda a pot\u00eancia da CPU e pode virtualizar qualquer coisa, de qualquer forma, cortando em todas as dire\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Contr\u00e1rio \u00e0 cren\u00e7a popular de que no ambiente <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/\"   title=\"provedores de hospedagem\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1210\">provedores de hospedagem<\/a> OpenVZ h\u00e1 supersolicita\u00e7\u00e3o, enquanto no KVM n\u00e3o \u2014 para felicidade dos \u00faltimos, o KVM atualmente \u00e9 supersolicitado t\u00e3o bem quanto seu colega.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-budem-perenosit\">O que iremos transferir?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Como cobaia para a migra\u00e7\u00e3o, tivemos que utilizar toda a gama de sistemas operacionais dispon\u00edveis no OpenVZ: CentOS (vers\u00f5es 6 e 7), Ubuntu (14, 16 e 18 LTS), Debian 7.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pressupunha-se que na maioria dos cont\u00eaineres OpenVZ j\u00e1 estivesse rodando algum tipo de LAMP, e alguns at\u00e9 tinham algum software muito espec\u00edfico. Na maioria das vezes, essas foram configura\u00e7\u00f5es com o painel de controle ISPmanager, VestaCP (e normalmente, n\u00e3o atualizadas h\u00e1 anos). \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio levar em conta tamb\u00e9m suas demandas para a migra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A migra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 realizada com a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"endere\u00e7os IP\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"668\">endere\u00e7os IP<\/a> do cont\u00eainer transfer\u00edvel, suponhamos que o IP que estava no cont\u00eainer ser\u00e1 mantido na VM e funcionar\u00e1 sem problemas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Antes da transfer\u00eancia, vamos garantir que temos tudo em m\u00e3os:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Servidor OpenVZ, acesso root completo \u00e0 m\u00e1quina host, a possibilidade de parar\/montar\/iniciar\/remover cont\u00eaineres.<\/li>\n<li>Servidor KVM, acesso root completo \u00e0 m\u00e1quina host, com todas as implica\u00e7\u00f5es. Pressup\u00f5e-se que tudo j\u00e1 esteja configurado e pronto para funcionar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pristupaem-k-perenosu\">Come\u00e7amos a migra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Antes de iniciar a migra\u00e7\u00e3o, vamos definir os termos para evitarmos confus\u00f5es:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 m\u00e1quina host KVM<br \/>\n<strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 m\u00e1quina host OpenVZ<br \/>\n<strong>CTID<\/strong> \u2014 container OpenVZ<br \/>\n<strong>VM<\/strong> \u2014 servidor virtual KVM<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"podgotovka-k-perenosu-i-sozdanie-virtualnyh-mashin\">Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para a migra\u00e7\u00e3o e cria\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1quinas virtuais.<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Passo 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Como precisamos de um lugar para migrar o container, vamos criar <strong>VM<\/strong> com uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o semelhante em <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Importante!<\/strong> A VM deve ser criada exatamente no mesmo sistema operacional que est\u00e1 atualmente rodando no CTID. Por exemplo, se o CTID tiver Ubuntu 14 instalado, a VM tamb\u00e9m deve ter Ubuntu 14. Vers\u00f5es menores n\u00e3o s\u00e3o cr\u00edticas, mas as maiores devem ser id\u00eanticas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s criar a VM, devemos atualizar os pacotes no CTID e na VM (n\u00e3o confundir com a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema operacional \u2014 n\u00e3o devemos atualiz\u00e1-lo, apenas os pacotes e, se for o caso, a vers\u00e3o do sistema operacional na sua vers\u00e3o principal).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para CentOS, esse processo parece inofensivo:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum clean all\n# yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>E n\u00e3o menos inofensivo para Ubuntu, Debian:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get update\n# apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Passo 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vamos instalar em <strong>CTID<\/strong>, <strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> e <strong>VM<\/strong> uma ferramenta <strong>rsync<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>CentOS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Debian, Ubuntu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e3o instalamos mais nada nem l\u00e1, nem c\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Passo 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Parar o processo <strong>CTID <\/strong>para <strong>VZ_NODE <\/strong>com o comando<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl stop CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Montamos a imagem <strong>CTID<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl mount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vamos para a pasta \/vz\/root\/<strong>CTID<\/strong> e executamos<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mount --bind \/dev dev &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/sys sys &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/proc proc &amp;&amp; chroot .<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sob chroot, criamos o arquivo \/root\/exclude.txt \u2014 ele conter\u00e1 a lista de exce\u00e7\u00f5es que n\u00e3o ser\u00e3o migadas para o novo servidor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">\/boot\n\/proc\n\/sys\n\/tmp\n\/dev\n\/var\/lock\n\/etc\/fstab\n\/etc\/mtab\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/conf.d\/net\n\/etc\/network\/interfaces\n\/etc\/networks\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network*\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/hwconf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/ip6tables-config\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/kernel\n\/etc\/hostname\n\/etc\/HOSTNAME\n\/etc\/hosts\n\/etc\/modprobe*\n\/etc\/modules\n\/net\n\/lib\/modules\n\/etc\/rc.conf\n\/usr\/share\/nova-agent*\n\/usr\/sbin\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/init.d\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/ips\n\/etc\/ipaddrpool\n\/etc\/ips.dnsmaster\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-ens3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Conectamos em <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> e iniciamos nosso <strong>VM<\/strong>, para que funcione e esteja acess\u00edvel pela rede.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Agora tudo est\u00e1 pronto para a migra\u00e7\u00e3o. Vamos l\u00e1!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Passo 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ainda sob chroot, executamos<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">rsync --exclude-from=\"\/root\/exclude.txt\" --numeric-ids -avpogtStlHz --progress -e \"ssh -T -o Compression=no -x\" \/ root@KVM_NODE:\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O comando rsync realizar\u00e1 a migra\u00e7\u00e3o; esperamos que as chaves sejam claras \u2014 a migra\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 feita mantendo links simb\u00f3licos, permiss\u00f5es, propriet\u00e1rios e grupos, al\u00e9m de ter a criptografia desativada para maior velocidade (poder\u00edamos usar um cifrador mais r\u00e1pido, mas isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00e3o cr\u00edtico para esta tarefa), o que tamb\u00e9m desativou a compress\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s a conclus\u00e3o do rsync, sa\u00edmos do chroot (pressionando ctrl+d) e executamos<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">umount dev &amp;&amp; umount proc &amp;&amp; umount sys &amp;&amp; cd .. &amp;&amp; vzctl umount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Passo 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vamos realizar algumas a\u00e7\u00f5es que nos ajudar\u00e3o a iniciar a VM ap\u00f3s a migra\u00e7\u00e3o do OpenVZ.<br \/>\nEm servidores com <strong>Systemd<\/strong> executaremos o comando que nos ajudar\u00e1 a fazer login no console comum, por exemplo, atrav\u00e9s da tela VNC do servidor<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mv \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty2.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Em servidores <strong>CentOS 6<\/strong> e <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> vamos instalar o n\u00facleo atualizado:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">yum install kernel-$(uname -r)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O servidor pode ser inicializado a partir dele, mas ap\u00f3s a transfer\u00eancia, pode deixar de funcionar ou ser removido.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>No servidor <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio aplicar uma pequena corre\u00e7\u00e3o para o PolkitD, caso contr\u00e1rio, o servidor entrar\u00e1 em um loop de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o infinito:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">getent group polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mGrupo polkitd j\u00e1 existee[0m\" || { groupadd -r polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mGrupo polkitd faltante adicionadoe[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mFalha ao adicionar o grupo polkitde[0m\"; }\n\ngetent passwd polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mUsu\u00e1rio polkitd j\u00e1 existee[0m\" || { useradd -r -g polkitd -d \/ -s \/sbin\/nologin -c \"Usu\u00e1rio para polkitd\" polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mUsu\u00e1rio polkitd faltante adicionadoe[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mFalha ao adicionar o usu\u00e1rio polkitde[0m\"; }\n\nrpm -Va polkit* &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mVerifica\u00e7\u00e3o rpm polkit* passoue[0m\" || { echo -e \"e[1;33mRedefinindo a propriedade do usu\u00e1rio\/grupo e permiss\u00f5es do rpm polkit*e[0m\"; rpm --setugids polkit polkit-pkla-compat; rpm --setperms polkit polkit-pkla-compat; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Em todos os servidores, se o mod_fcgid foi instalado para o Apache, vamos aplicar uma pequena corre\u00e7\u00e3o nas permiss\u00f5es, caso contr\u00e1rio, os sites que usam mod_fcgid ter\u00e3o erro 500:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">chmod +s `which suexec` &amp;&amp; apachectl restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>E por \u00faltimo, isso ser\u00e1 \u00fatil para distribui\u00e7\u00f5es Ubuntu e Debian. Este sistema operacional pode cair em um loop de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o infinito com o erro<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>looping too fast. throttling execution a little<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u00e9 desagrad\u00e1vel, mas f\u00e1cil de corrigir, dependendo da vers\u00e3o do sistema operacional.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sobre <strong>Debian 9<\/strong> a corre\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 assim:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>executamos<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">dbus-uuidgen<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>se recebermos um erro<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\/usr\/local\/lib\/libdbus-1.so.3: version `LIBDBUS_PRIVATE_1.10.8\u2032 not found<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>verificamos a presen\u00e7a do LIBDBUS <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">ls -la \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu | grep dbus\nlibdbus-1.so.3 -&gt; libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 \nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.15 &lt;-- precisamos deste\nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.16<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>se tudo estiver certo, executamos<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cd \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\nrm -rf libdbus-1.so.3\nln -s libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 libdbus-1.so.3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Caso n\u00e3o ajude \u2014 tentamos a segunda op\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A segunda op\u00e7\u00e3o para resolver o problema com <strong>throttling execution a little<\/strong> serve praticamente para todas as distribui\u00e7\u00f5es Ubuntu e Debian.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Executamos<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">bash -x \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/dbus.postinst configure<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Allowed Logout URLs <strong>Ubuntu 14<\/strong>, <strong>Debian 7<\/strong> al\u00e9m disso, executamos:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">adduser --system --home \/nonexistent --no-create-home --disabled-password --group messagebus\n\nrm -rf \/etc\/init.d\/modules_dep.sh <\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O que fizemos? Restauramos o messagebus, que estava faltando para iniciar o Debian\/Ubuntu e removemos o modules_dep, que veio do OpenVZ e impedia a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o de muitos m\u00f3dulos do n\u00facleo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Passo 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Reiniciamos a VM, verificamos no VNC como est\u00e1 a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o e, idealmente, tudo deve inicializar sem problemas. No entanto, pode haver alguns problemas espec\u00edficos ap\u00f3s a migra\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014 mas estes v\u00e3o al\u00e9m do escopo deste artigo e ser\u00e3o corrigidos \u00e0 medida que surgirem.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Espero que esta informa\u00e7\u00e3o seja \u00fatil! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/502132\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 OpenVZ \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 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