{"id":86701,"date":"2020-06-28T19:42:14","date_gmt":"2020-06-28T17:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshenie-parametrov-bezopasnosti-ssl-soedineniya-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite-open-source-edition"},"modified":"2020-06-28T19:42:14","modified_gmt":"2020-06-28T17:42:14","slug":"uluchshenie-parametrov-bezopasnosti-ssl-soedineniya-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite-open-source-edition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshenie-parametrov-bezopasnosti-ssl-soedineniya-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite-open-source-edition","title":{"rendered":"Melhoria dos par\u00e2metros de seguran\u00e7a da conex\u00e3o SSL no Zimbra Collaboration Suite Open-Source Edition","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A confiabilidade da criptografia \u00e9 um dos indicadores mais importantes ao usar sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00e3o para neg\u00f3cios, pois diariamente eles est\u00e3o envolvidos na transmiss\u00e3o de uma enorme quantidade de informa\u00e7\u00f5es confidenciais. O meio amplamente aceito para avaliar a qualidade de uma conex\u00e3o SSL \u00e9 o teste independente da Qualys SSL Labs. Como esse teste pode ser executado por qualquer pessoa, para provedores de SaaS, \u00e9 especialmente importante que a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o nesse teste seja m\u00e1xima. A qualidade da conex\u00e3o SSL \u00e9 uma preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o apenas para provedores de SaaS, mas tamb\u00e9m para empresas comuns. Para elas, esse teste \u00e9 uma excelente oportunidade para identificar poss\u00edveis vulnerabilidades e fechar todas as brechas para criminosos cibern\u00e9ticos com anteced\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

\"Melhoria<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNo Zimbra OSE, \u00e9 permitido usar dois tipos de certificados SSL<\/a>. O primeiro \u00e9 o certificado autoassinado, que \u00e9 adicionado automaticamente durante a instala\u00e7\u00e3o. Este certificado \u00e9 gratuito e n\u00e3o tem limite de tempo de uso, o que o torna ideal para testar o Zimbra OSE ou us\u00e1-lo exclusivamente dentro de uma rede interna. No entanto, ao acessar o cliente web, os usu\u00e1rios ver\u00e3o um aviso do navegador de que este certificado n\u00e3o \u00e9 confi\u00e1vel, e o teste da Qualys SSL Labs certamente reprovou seu servidor.<\/p>\n

O segundo \u00e9 um certificado SSL comercial, assinado por uma autoridade certificadora. Esses certificados s\u00e3o aceitos sem problemas pelos navegadores e geralmente s\u00e3o usados na explora\u00e7\u00e3o comercial do Zimbra OSE. Imediatamente ap\u00f3s a instala\u00e7\u00e3o correta do certificado comercial, o Zimbra OSE 8.8.15 mostra uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o A no teste da Qualys SSL Labs. Esse \u00e9 um excelente resultado, mas nosso objetivo \u00e9 alcan\u00e7ar a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o A+.<\/p>\n

\"Melhoria
\n
\n\"Melhoria
\n
\nPara alcan\u00e7ar a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e1xima no teste da Qualys SSL Labs ao usar o Zimbra Collaboration Suite Open-Source Edition, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio realizar uma s\u00e9rie de etapas:<\/p>\n

1. Aumento dos par\u00e2metros do protocolo Diffie-Hellman<\/b><\/p>\n

Por padr\u00e3o, em todos os componentes do Zimbra OSE 8.8.15 que utilizam OpenSSL, o valor dos par\u00e2metros do protocolo Diffie-Hellman \u00e9 de 2048 bits. Em princ\u00edpio, isso \u00e9 mais do que suficiente para obter uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o A+ no teste da Qualys SSL Labs. Contudo, caso voc\u00ea esteja atualizando a partir de vers\u00f5es mais antigas, o valor dos par\u00e2metros pode ser inferior. Portanto, recomenda-se, ap\u00f3s a conclus\u00e3o da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, executar o comando zmdhparam set -new 2048, que elevar\u00e1 os par\u00e2metros do protocolo Diffie-Hellman para aceit\u00e1veis 2048 bits, e se desejado, com este mesmo comando, pode-se aumentar o valor dos par\u00e2metros para 3072 ou 4096 bits, o que, por um lado, aumentar\u00e1 o tempo de gera\u00e7\u00e3o, mas, por outro lado, ter\u00e1 um efeito positivo no n\u00edvel de seguran\u00e7a do servidor de email.<\/p>\n

2. Ativa\u00e7\u00e3o da lista de cifradores recomendada<\/b><\/p>\n

Por padr\u00e3o, o Zimbra Collaboration Suite Open-Source Edition suporta uma ampla gama de cifradores fortes e fracos, por meio dos quais os dados s\u00e3o criptografados ao passar por uma conex\u00e3o segura. No entanto, o uso de cifradores fracos \u00e9 uma desvantagem significativa na verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da seguran\u00e7a da conex\u00e3o SSL. Para evitar isso, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio configurar a lista de cifradores utilizados.<\/p>\n

Para isso, deve-se usar o comando zmprov mcf zimbraReverseProxySSLCiphers 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128:AES256:HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4'<\/code><\/p>\n

Este comando j\u00e1 inclui um conjunto de cifradores recomendados e, gra\u00e7as a ele, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel adicionar imediatamente ao lista os cifradores confi\u00e1veis e excluir os n\u00e3o confi\u00e1veis. Agora, basta reiniciar os n\u00f3s com proxy reverso usando o comando zmproxyctl restart. Ap\u00f3s a reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o, as altera\u00e7\u00f5es feitas entrar\u00e3o em vigor.<\/p>\n

Caso esta lista n\u00e3o atenda a suas necessidades por algum motivo, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel remover uma s\u00e9rie de cifradores fracos usando o comando zmprov mcf +zimbraSSLExcludeCipherSuites<\/code>. Por exemplo, o comando zmprov mcf +zimbraSSLExcludeCipherSuites TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 +zimbraSSLExcludeCipherSuites TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA +zimbraSSLExcludeCipherSuites SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 +zimbraSSLExcludeCipherSuites SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA +zimbraSSLExcludeCipherSuites TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA<\/code>, que excluir\u00e1 completamente o uso de cifr\u00f5es RC4. O mesmo pode ser feito com os cifr\u00f5es AES e 3DES.<\/p>\n

3. Ativa\u00e7\u00e3o do HSTS<\/b><\/p>\n

Os mecanismos ativados de for\u00e7ar a criptografia da conex\u00e3o e a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o da sess\u00e3o TLS tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o condi\u00e7\u00f5es obrigat\u00f3rias para obter a melhor pontua\u00e7\u00e3o no teste da Qualys SSL Labs. Para ativ\u00e1-los, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio inserir o comando zmprov mcf +zimbraResponseHeader \"Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000\"<\/code>. Este comando adicionar\u00e1 o cabe\u00e7alho necess\u00e1rio \u00e0 configura\u00e7\u00e3o, e para que as novas configura\u00e7\u00f5es entrem em vigor, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio reiniciar o Zimbra OSE com o comando zmcontrol restart<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Neste est\u00e1gio, o teste da Qualys SSL Labs mostrar\u00e1 uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o de A+, no entanto, se voc\u00ea desejar aprimorar ainda mais a seguran\u00e7a do seu servidor, podem ser tomadas v\u00e1rias outras medidas.<\/p>\n

\"Melhoria
\n
\nPor exemplo, voc\u00ea pode for\u00e7ar a criptografia das conex\u00f5es entre processos, bem como ativar a criptografia for\u00e7ada ao se conectar aos servi\u00e7os do Zimbra OSE. Para verificar as conex\u00f5es entre processos, insira os seguintes comandos:<\/p>\n

zmlocalconfig -e ldap_starttls_supported=1\nzmlocalconfig -e zimbra_require_interprocess_security=1\nzmlocalconfig -e ldap_starttls_required=true<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPara ativar a criptografia for\u00e7ada, voc\u00ea deve inserir:<\/p>\n
zmprov gs `zmhostname` zimbraReverseProxyMailMode\nzmprov ms `zmhostname` zimbraReverseProxyMailMode https\n\nzmprov gs `zmhostname` zimbraMailMode\nzmprov ms `zmhostname` zimbraMailMode https\n\nzmprov gs `zmhostname` zimbraReverseProxySSLToUpstreamEnabled\nzmprov ms `zmhostname` zimbraReverseProxySSLToUpstreamEnabled TRUE<\/code><\/pre>\n
Com esses comandos, todas as conex\u00f5es com os servidores proxy-servidores<\/a> e de e-mail ser\u00e3o criptografadas, e todas essas conex\u00f5es ser\u00e3o proxyizadas.<\/p>\n
\"Melhoria
\n
\nAssim, seguindo nossas recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es, voc\u00ea pode n\u00e3o apenas alcan\u00e7ar a mais alta pontua\u00e7\u00e3o no teste de seguran\u00e7a da conex\u00e3o SSL, mas tamb\u00e9m aumentar significativamente a seguran\u00e7a de toda a infraestrutura do Zimbra OSE.<\/p>\n
Para qualquer quest\u00e3o relacionada ao Zextras Suite, voc\u00ea pode entrar em contato com a representante da empresa \u00abZextras\u00bb, Ekaterina Triandafiliadi, pelo e-mail katerina@zextras.com
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 SSL-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 Qualys SSL Labs. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f SaaS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 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