{"id":89477,"date":"2020-07-23T01:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T23:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast"},"modified":"2020-07-23T01:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T23:42:18","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu-2-chast","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. Conectados por uma corrente (Parte 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na semana passada, primeira parte<\/a><\/noindex> nesta artigo, descrevermos como \u00e9 constru\u00edda a combina\u00e7\u00e3o de Apache e Nginx na Timeweb. Agradecemos muito aos leitores pelas perguntas e pela discuss\u00e3o ativa! Hoje, vamos explicar como a disponibilidade de v\u00e1rias vers\u00f5es do PHP \u00e9 implementada em um \u00fanico servidor e por que garantimos a seguran\u00e7a dos dados de nossos clientes.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nHospedagem Virtual<\/b> (Hospedagem compartilhada) implica que em um \u00fanico servidor est\u00e3o alojadas v\u00e1rias contas de clientes. Em uma conta de um cliente, geralmente, h\u00e1 v\u00e1rios sites. Os sites funcionam tanto em CMSs prontas (como Bitrix) quanto em sistemas personalizados. Assim, os requisitos t\u00e9cnicos de todos os sistemas s\u00e3o diferentes, por isso, dentro de um \u00fanico servidor, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio gerenciar v\u00e1rias vers\u00f5es do PHP.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nUsamos o Nginx como servidor web principal: ele aceita todas as conex\u00f5es externas e serve o conte\u00fado est\u00e1tico. Outros pedidos s\u00e3o encaminhados para o servidor web Apache. \u00c9 aqui que come\u00e7a a m\u00e1gica: para cada vers\u00e3o do PHP, \u00e9 executada uma inst\u00e2ncia separada do Apache, que escuta em uma porta espec\u00edfica. Essa porta \u00e9 especificada no host virtual do site do cliente. <\/p>\n

Voc\u00ea pode ler mais sobre o funcionamento do esquema compartilhado em na primeira parte do artigo<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nEsquema compartilhado <\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c9 importante notar que instalamos pacotes do PHP para diferentes vers\u00f5es, porque geralmente em todas as distribui\u00e7\u00f5es existe apenas uma vers\u00e3o do PHP. <\/p>\n

Seguran\u00e7a em primeiro lugar!<\/h4>\n

\nUma das principais tarefas da hospedagem virtual \u00e9 garantir a seguran\u00e7a dos dados do cliente. Diferentes contas, estando em um \u00fanico servidor, s\u00e3o aut\u00f4nomas e independentes. Como isso funciona?<\/p>\n

Os arquivos dos sites s\u00e3o armazenados nos diret\u00f3rios pessoais dos pr\u00f3prios usu\u00e1rios, e nos hosts virtuais dos servidores web, os caminhos necess\u00e1rios s\u00e3o especificados. \u00c9 importante que os servidores web, Nginx e Apache, tenham acesso aos arquivos finais de um determinado cliente, j\u00e1 que o servidor web \u00e9 iniciado apenas de um usu\u00e1rio. <\/p>\n

Para o Nginx, \u00e9 utilizado um patch de seguran\u00e7a desenvolvido pela equipe da Timeweb: esse patch muda o usu\u00e1rio para aquele especificado no arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o do servidor web. <\/p>\n

Para outros provedores de hospedagem, esse problema pode ser resolvido, por exemplo, por meio de manipula\u00e7\u00f5es com permiss\u00f5es avan\u00e7adas do sistema de arquivos (ACL).<\/p>\n

Para o funcionamento do Apache, \u00e9 utilizado o m\u00f3dulo de multiprocessamento mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex>. Ele permite que cada VirtualHost seja iniciado com seu pr\u00f3prio identificador de usu\u00e1rio e ID de grupo.
\n\"Apache
\nDessa forma, gra\u00e7as \u00e0s opera\u00e7\u00f5es descritas acima, obtemos um ambiente isolado e seguro para cada cliente. Assim, tamb\u00e9m atendemos \u00e0s necessidades de escalabilidade para o hospedagem compartilhada. <\/p>\n

Como \u00e9 implementada a integra\u00e7\u00e3o entre Apache e Nginx pode ser lido em primeira parte<\/a><\/noindex> nosso artigo. Al\u00e9m disso, l\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 descrita uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o alternativa atrav\u00e9s do esquema dedicado.<\/p>\n

Se voc\u00ea tiver d\u00favidas para nossos especialistas, escreva nos coment\u00e1rios. Faremos o poss\u00edvel para responder a tudo ou descrever uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o mais detalhada em artigos futuros.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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