{"id":91969,"date":"2020-08-21T07:42:01","date_gmt":"2020-08-21T05:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/monitoring-postgresql-s-ispolzovaniem-zabbix"},"modified":"2020-08-21T07:42:01","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T05:42:01","slug":"monitoring-postgresql-s-ispolzovaniem-zabbix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/monitoring-postgresql-s-ispolzovaniem-zabbix","title":{"rendered":"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/b17310212ae5dc4da0ca7d78312ca8ef.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o de Daria Vilkova para o Zabbix Meetup Online <\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Quero apresent\u00e1-lo a uma ferramenta de monitoramento do PostgreSQL e do sistema operacional, que est\u00e1 sendo desenvolvida pela nossa empresa utilizando Zabbix. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Escolhemos o Zabbix como nossa ferramenta de monitoramento h\u00e1 muito tempo, pois \u00e9 uma plataforma de c\u00f3digo aberto, suportada por uma comunidade ativa, muito popular na R\u00fassia. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Criamos um agente ativo \u2014 Mamonsu, que oferecia um monitoramento mais flex\u00edvel do que as ferramentas padr\u00e3o podiam proporcionar na \u00e9poca, e realizava a coleta de m\u00e9tricas e o envio para o Zabbix Server. Em nossa empresa, o Mamonsu \u00e9 utilizado durante a auditoria.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mamonsu\">Mamonsu<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu \u00e9 um agente ativo (Zabbix Trapper) para monitoramento do PostgreSQL e do sistema operacional. Mamonsu (escrito em Python) permite a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de par\u00e2metros de monitoramento do PostgreSQL e do sistema operacional em cinco minutos. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu possui ferramentas adicionais:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mamonsu tune \u2014 comando que edita os par\u00e2metros de configura\u00e7\u00e3o no arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o do PostgreSQL para a m\u00e1quina onde o agente Mamonsu est\u00e1 instalado. <\/li>\n<li>mamonsu report \u2014 comando que cria respostas sobre o sistema operacional e o PostgreSQL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu \u00e9 instalado no servidor de SGBD, coleta informa\u00e7\u00f5es, comp\u00f5e-as em JSON e as envia para visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o no Zabbix Server, onde deve haver um template para suas m\u00e9tricas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/9d87556e4b31b27cb7698b32b5f1e2c4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Esquema de funcionamento do Mamonsu<\/em> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"vozmozhnosti-mamonsu\">Recursos do Mamonsu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trabalho eficiente com o PostgreSQL<\/strong>. A conex\u00e3o cont\u00ednua com o PostgreSQL \u00e9 a principal vantagem do Mamonsu. Neste caso, o n\u00famero m\u00e1ximo de conex\u00f5es \u00e9 igual ao n\u00famero m\u00e1ximo de bancos de dados aos quais ele se conecta.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escalabilidade<\/strong>. O Mamonsu \u00e9 um agente completamente \"plug\u00e1vel\", e, devido \u00e0 estrutura fixa de cada plugin e \u00e0 relativa simplicidade do Python, \u00e9 f\u00e1cil aprender a escrever novos ou editar plugins padr\u00e3o, ou seja, par\u00e2metros de coleta de m\u00e9tricas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ampla cobertura de m\u00e9tricas para monitoramento<\/strong> para PostgreSQL, inclusive m\u00e9tricas de extens\u00f5es espec\u00edficas. <\/li>\n<li>Inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida, <strong>disponibilidade \"pronta para uso\"<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de templates e arquivos de configura\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>, assim como upload para o Zabbix Server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Multiplataforma<\/strong>, o que \u00e9 importante para nossos clientes que utilizam diferentes distribui\u00e7\u00f5es Linux, inclusive nacionais.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Licen\u00e7a BSD-clause<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Atualmente, oferecemos uma variedade de plugins e em cada vers\u00e3o subsequente nos esfor\u00e7amos para adicionar algo novo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>14 plugins para PostgreSQL, <\/li>\n<li>8 plugins para o OS Linux,<\/li>\n<li>4 plugins para o OS Windows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu coleta mais de 110 m\u00e9tricas do PostgreSQL e sistemas operacionais:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>70 m\u00e9tricas do PostgreSQL,<\/li>\n<li>40 m\u00e9tricas do OS Linux,<\/li>\n<li>8 m\u00e9tricas do OS Windows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As principais m\u00e9tricas incluem a disponibilidade do SGBD, n\u00famero de conex\u00f5es, tamanho do banco de dados, checkpoints, velocidade de leitura\/escrita, bloqueios, n\u00famero de processos de autovacuum e velocidade de gera\u00e7\u00e3o do WAL. A lista completa de m\u00e9tricas dispon\u00edveis, bem como uma descri\u00e7\u00e3o detalhada de todas as ferramentas, est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel em <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/postgrespro\/mamonsu\">reposit\u00f3rio<\/a><\/noindex> no site do GitHub. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/259cc7f1b6ab0cf137cef6b4e9a22c0f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Lista de m\u00e9tricas dispon\u00edveis no site do GitHub<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-mamonsu-za-5-minut\">Executando o Mamonsu em 5 minutos<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A configura\u00e7\u00e3o do monitoramento do PostgreSQL e do sistema operacional com o Mamonsu pode ser realizada em 5 minutos, seguindo 5 passos simples.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Instala\u00e7\u00e3o do Mamonsu<\/strong>. O Mamonsu pode ser compilado a partir do c\u00f3digo-fonte ou usando os pacotes dispon\u00edveis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ git clone ... &amp;&amp; cd mamonsu &amp;&amp; python setup.py<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>build &amp;&amp; python setup.py install<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Configura\u00e7\u00e3o das conex\u00f5es<\/strong>. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio especificar os par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o com o PostgreSQL e o Zabbix Server no arquivo agent.conf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\/etc\/mamonsu\/agent.conf<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Exportar o template para o Zabbix Server<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ mamonsu zabbix template export<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\/usr\/share\/mamonsu\/example.xml<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Adicionar um n\u00f3 \u00e0 rede no Zabbix Server<\/strong>. O template exportado ser\u00e1 automaticamente vinculado ao novo n\u00f3 na rede do Zabbix Server.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ mamonsu zabbix host create mamonsu-demo<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Iniciar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ service mamonsu start<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"napravleniya-razvitiya-mamonsu\">Dire\u00e7\u00f5es de desenvolvimento do Mamonsu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Como parte do desenvolvimento do Mamonsu, planejamos aprimorar m\u00e9tricas e criar novos plugins, como um plugin para monitorar o tamanho de tabelas espec\u00edficas. Tamb\u00e9m planejamos melhorar e criar ferramentas adicionais, bem como expandir as capacidades de auto-configura\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do comando <strong>mamonsu tune<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"modul-monitoringa-postgresql-v-sostave-zabbix-agent-2\">M\u00f3dulo de monitoramento do PostgreSQL dentro do Zabbix Agent 2<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para conectar ao PostgreSQL, usamos um driver r\u00e1pido e popular <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jackc\/pgx\">pgx<\/a><\/noindex> (driver PG e toolkit para Go).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Atualmente usamos duas interfaces: Exporter, que chama o manipulador pela chave, e Configurator do Zabbix Agent 2, que l\u00ea e verifica os par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o com o servidor, definidos no arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nos esfor\u00e7amos para otimizar o desempenho do SGBD, agrupando m\u00e9tricas e utilizando um manipulador (handler) para m\u00e9tricas e grupos de m\u00e9tricas, al\u00e9m de usar grupos de m\u00e9tricas em JSON como vari\u00e1veis dependentes (dependency items) e descoberta de baixo n\u00edvel (discovery rules). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"osnovnye-vozmozhnosti\">Principais funcionalidades<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de uma conex\u00e3o constante com o PostgreSQL entre as verifica\u00e7\u00f5es; <\/li>\n<li>suporte a intervalos de sondagem flex\u00edveis; <\/li>\n<li>compatibilidade com vers\u00f5es do PostgreSQL a partir da 10 e do Zabbix Server a partir da vers\u00e3o 4.4;<\/li>\n<li>a capacidade de conectar e monitorar v\u00e1rias inst\u00e2ncias do PostgreSQL simultaneamente, uma vez que o Zabbix Agent 2 permite a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rias sess\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"urovni-parametrov-podklyucheniya-k-postgresql\">N\u00edveis de par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o ao PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis tr\u00eas n\u00edveis de par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o ao PostgreSQL, ou seja, tarefas e configura\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Global,<\/li>\n<li>Sessions,<\/li>\n<li>Macros.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Os par\u00e2metros Global s\u00e3o definidos no n\u00edvel do agente, enquanto os par\u00e2metros Session e Macros determinam as configura\u00e7\u00f5es de conex\u00e3o ao banco de dados.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Os par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o ao PostgreSQL \u2014 Sessions s\u00e3o definidos no arquivo <strong>zabbix_agent2.conf<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/d88abf88cb106e81f0e7eb23a1d4a193.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Os par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o ao PostgreSQL \u2014 Sessions<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ap\u00f3s a palavra-chave <strong>Sessions<\/strong> \u00e9 indicado um nome de sess\u00e3o exclusivo, que deve ser especificado na chave (modelo). <\/li>\n<li>Par\u00e2metros <strong>URI<\/strong> e <strong>UserName<\/strong> \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3rio para cada sess\u00e3o. <\/li>\n<li>Se o nome do banco n\u00e3o for especificado, utiliza-se o nome padr\u00e3o geral do banco para todas as sess\u00f5es do PostgreSQL, que tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 definido no arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Os par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o ao PostgreSQL \u2014 Macros s\u00e3o especificados na chave da m\u00e9trica no modelo (de forma semelhante ao m\u00e9todo utilizado no Zabbix Agent 1), ou seja, s\u00e3o criados no modelo e posteriormente especificados como par\u00e2metros na chave. Nesse caso, a sequ\u00eancia dos macros \u00e9 fixa, ou seja, por exemplo, <strong>URI<\/strong> \u00e9 sempre indicado em primeiro lugar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/3918b9de0118f901e916542f955bd17b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Os par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o ao PostgreSQL \u2014 Macros<\/em> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O m\u00f3dulo de monitoramento do PostgreSQL j\u00e1 inclui mais de 95 m\u00e9tricas, permitindo abranger uma ampla gama de par\u00e2metros do PostgreSQL, incluindo:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o n\u00famero de conex\u00f5es,<\/li>\n<li>o volume de bancos de dados, <\/li>\n<li>a arquivamento de arquivos wal,<\/li>\n<li>os pontos de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o,<\/li>\n<li>o n\u00famero de tabelas 'inchadas',<\/li>\n<li>o status da replica\u00e7\u00e3o,<\/li>\n<li>o atraso da r\u00e9plica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As m\u00e9tricas do PostgreSQL n\u00e3o s\u00e3o informativas sem os par\u00e2metros do sistema operacional. Mas o Zabbix Agent 2 j\u00e1 consegue coletar par\u00e2metros do sistema operacional, portanto, para obter uma vis\u00e3o completa, basta conectar ao n\u00f3 de rede os modelos necess\u00e1rios.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"obrabotchik-handler\">Handler<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Handler \u2014 a unidade principal do m\u00f3dulo, na qual a consulta \u00e9 executada e que permite obter m\u00e9tricas.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Para obter uma m\u00e9trica simples:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Criamos um arquivo para obter uma nova m\u00e9trica:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>zabbix\/src\/go\/plugins\/postgres\/handler_uptime.go<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Conectamos o pacote e especificamos a chave \u00fanica (chaves) das m\u00e9tricas:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/692acc55377c18ee37a9e1d426ebeccb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Criamos um handler com a consulta, ou seja, inicializamos uma vari\u00e1vel que conter\u00e1 o resultado:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/79e10e34edb78942acb6a264896be12d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Executamos a consulta:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/b7555bba37978302337ea0093dd1bb5c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio verificar a consulta em busca de erros, ap\u00f3s o que o resultado ser\u00e1 captado pelo processo Zabbix Agent 2. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Registramos a chave da nova m\u00e9trica:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Monitoramento do PostgreSQL usando Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/63256811903feacc5cf88e0a272aebd9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s registrar a m\u00e9trica, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel reconfigurar o agente com a nova m\u00e9trica.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O m\u00f3dulo est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel a partir do Zabbix 5.0 no site <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zabbix.com\/download\">https:\/\/www.zabbix.com\/download<\/a><\/noindex>. Nesta vers\u00e3o do Zabbix, os par\u00e2metros s\u00e3o especificados separadamente atrav\u00e9s de host e port. Na vers\u00e3o Zabbix 5.0.2, que ser\u00e1 lan\u00e7ada em breve, os par\u00e2metros de conex\u00e3o ser\u00e3o agrupados em uma \u00fanica URI.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Obrigado pela aten\u00e7\u00e3o! <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"poleznye-ssylki\">Links \u00dateis<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/postgrespro\/mamonsu\">GitHub Mamonsu<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/docs\/postgrespro\/11\/mamonsu\">Documenta\u00e7\u00e3o sobre Mamonsu<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.zabbix.com\/projects\/ZBX\/repos\/zabbix\/browse\/src\/go\/plugins\/postgres\">Zabbix Git<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zabbix\/blog\/515816\/\">habr.com<\/a> 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