{"id":94417,"date":"2020-09-16T19:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T17:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/u-nas-tam-postgres-no-ya-hz-chto-s-nim-delat-s"},"modified":"2020-09-16T19:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-09-16T17:42:31","slug":"u-nas-tam-postgres-no-ya-hz-chto-s-nim-delat-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/u-nas-tam-postgres-no-ya-hz-chto-s-nim-delat-s","title":{"rendered":"Temos Postgres, mas n\u00e3o sei o que fazer com ele.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Esta \u00e9 uma cita\u00e7\u00e3o de um dos meus conhecidos que, h\u00e1 muito tempo, me fez uma pergunta sobre o Postgres. Naquela \u00e9poca, em poucos dias resolvemos o problema dele e, agradecendo-me, ele acrescentou: \"\u00c9 bom ter um DBA conhecido\".<\/p>\n<p>Mas o que fazer se n\u00e3o h\u00e1 um DBA conhecido? As op\u00e7\u00f5es podem variar bastante, desde procurar entre amigos de amigos at\u00e9 estudar a quest\u00e3o de forma aut\u00f4noma. Mas, independentemente da resposta que lhe venha \u00e0 mente, tenho uma boa not\u00edcia para voc\u00ea. Em fase de testes, lan\u00e7amos um servi\u00e7o de recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para Postgres e tudo ao seu redor. O que \u00e9 isso e como chegamos at\u00e9 aqui?<\/p>\n<h2>Por que tudo isso?<\/h2>\n<p>Postgres \u00e9, no m\u00ednimo, n\u00e3o simples, e \u00e0s vezes at\u00e9 muito complicado. Isso depende do n\u00edvel de envolvimento e responsabilidade.<\/p>\n<p>Para aqueles que est\u00e3o em opera\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio monitorar se o Postgres como servi\u00e7o est\u00e1 funcionando corretamente e de forma est\u00e1vel - monitorar a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos, disponibilidade, adequa\u00e7\u00e3o da configura\u00e7\u00e3o, e realizar atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es e verifica\u00e7\u00f5es de sa\u00fade regularmente. Para quem est\u00e1 em desenvolvimento e escreve aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, em linhas gerais, \u00e9 preciso acompanhar como a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o interage com o banco de dados e garantir que n\u00e3o cria situa\u00e7\u00f5es de erro que possam derrubar o banco. Se a pessoa n\u00e3o tiver a sorte de ser tech lead\/CTO, \u00e9 importante que o Postgres, em geral, funcione de forma confi\u00e1vel, previs\u00edvel e sem criar problemas, e que, idealmente, n\u00e3o precise se aprofundar no Postgres profunda e permanentemente.<\/p>\n<p>Em qualquer uma dessas situa\u00e7\u00f5es, h\u00e1 voc\u00ea e o Postgres. Para cuidar bem do Postgres, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio ter um bom entendimento de como ele funciona. Se Postgres n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma especializa\u00e7\u00e3o direta, pode-se gastar bastante tempo para estud\u00e1-lo. No cen\u00e1rio ideal, quando h\u00e1 tempo e disposi\u00e7\u00e3o, nem sempre \u00e9 claro por onde come\u00e7ar e para onde ir.<\/p>\n<p>Mesmo que esteja cercado de ferramentas de monitoramento, que deveriam facilitar a opera\u00e7\u00e3o, a necessidade de conhecimento especializado permanece em aberto. Para ser capaz de ler e entender gr\u00e1ficos, \u00e9 preciso tamb\u00e9m ter um bom entendimento de como o Postgres funciona. Caso contr\u00e1rio, qualquer monitoramento se transforma em imagens desanimadoras e notifica\u00e7\u00f5es falsas \u00e0 qualquer hora do dia.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/weaponry.io\">Arsenal<\/a><\/noindex> foi criado para facilitar a opera\u00e7\u00e3o do Postgres. O servi\u00e7o coleta e analisa dados sobre o Postgres e fornece recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o que pode ser aprimorado. <\/p>\n<p><em>O objetivo principal do servi\u00e7o \u00e9 oferecer recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es claras que proporcionem uma vis\u00e3o do que est\u00e1 acontecendo e o que precisa ser feito a seguir.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>Para especialistas que n\u00e3o possuem conhecimentos aprofundados, as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es servem como um ponto de partida para o aprimoramento. Para profissionais mais experientes, as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es destacam os aspectos que merecem aten\u00e7\u00e3o. Nesse sentido, Weaponry atua como um assistente que realiza tarefas rotineiras de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas ou defici\u00eancias que requerem aten\u00e7\u00e3o especial. Weaponry pode ser comparado a um linter que verifica o Postgres e aponta falhas.<\/p>\n<h2>Como est\u00e1 a situa\u00e7\u00e3o agora<\/h2>\n<p>Atualmente <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/weaponry.io\">Arsenal<\/a><\/noindex> est\u00e1 em fase de testes e de forma gratuita, com registro temporariamente restrito. Juntamente com alguns volunt\u00e1rios, estamos aprimorando o mecanismo de recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es em bases de dados de teste, identificando alarmes falsos e trabalhando no texto das recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/p>\n<p>A prop\u00f3sito, as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o bastante diretas - simplesmente dizem o que e como fazer, sem muitos detalhes adicionais - ent\u00e3o, no come\u00e7o, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio seguir os links de refer\u00eancia ou pesquisar mais. As verifica\u00e7\u00f5es e recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es abrangem configura\u00e7\u00f5es do sistema e hardware, configura\u00e7\u00f5es do pr\u00f3prio Postgres, o esquema interno e os recursos utilizados. H\u00e1 muitos outros aspectos que ainda precisam ser adicionados. <\/p>\n<p>E claro, estamos \u00e0 procura de volunt\u00e1rios que queiram experimentar o servi\u00e7o e fornecer feedback. Al\u00e9m disso, temos <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/demo.weaponry.io\">demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/noindex>, que voc\u00ea pode acessar e conferir. Se voc\u00ea percebeu que isso \u00e9 algo que precisa e est\u00e1 pronto para experimentar, entre em contato conosco pelo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"mailto:team@weaponry.io\">e-mail<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>Atualizado em 16-09-2020. Come\u00e7ando.<\/h2>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s o registro, o usu\u00e1rio \u00e9 convidado a criar um projeto - que permite agrupar inst\u00e2ncias de banco de dados. Ap\u00f3s criar o projeto, o usu\u00e1rio \u00e9 direcionado para as instru\u00e7\u00f5es de configura\u00e7\u00e3o e instala\u00e7\u00e3o do agente. Em poucas palavras, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio criar usu\u00e1rios para o agente, depois baixar o script de instala\u00e7\u00e3o do agente e execut\u00e1-lo. Nos comandos shell, isso se parece com o seguinte:<\/p>\n<pre><code>psql -c \"CREATE ROLE pgscv WITH LOGIN SUPERUSER PASSWORD 'A7H8Wz6XFMh21pwA'\"\nexport PGSCV_PG_PASSWORD=A7H8Wz6XFMh21pwA\ncurl -s https:\/\/dist.weaponry.io\/pgscv\/install.sh |sudo -E sh -s - 1 6ada7a04-a798-4415-9427-da23f72c14a5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Se houver um pgbouncer no host, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio criar um usu\u00e1rio para conectar o agente. O m\u00e9todo espec\u00edfico de configura\u00e7\u00e3o do usu\u00e1rio no pgbouncer pode variar bastante e depende muito da configura\u00e7\u00e3o utilizada. De forma geral, a configura\u00e7\u00e3o envolve adicionar o usu\u00e1rio em <em>stats_users<\/em> no arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o (geralmente \u00e9 <em>pgbouncer.ini<\/em>) e especificar a senha (ou seu hash) no arquivo indicado no par\u00e2metro <em>auth_file.<\/em> Ao alterar o stats_users, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio reiniciar o pgbouncer.<\/p>\n<p>O script install.sh aceita alguns argumentos obrigat\u00f3rios que s\u00e3o \u00fanicos para cada projeto e, atrav\u00e9s de vari\u00e1veis de ambiente, recebe as credenciais dos usu\u00e1rios criados. Em seguida, o script inicia o agente em modo bootstrap - o agente se copia no PATH, cria uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o com as credenciais, uma unidade do systemd e \u00e9 iniciado como um servi\u00e7o do systemd. <br \/>Com isso, a instala\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 conclu\u00edda. Dentro de alguns minutos, a inst\u00e2ncia do banco de dados aparecer\u00e1 na lista de hosts na interface e j\u00e1 ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel visualizar as primeiras recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es. Mas um ponto importante, muitas recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es exigem uma grande quantidade de m\u00e9tricas acumuladas (pelo menos por um dia).<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/519240\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e Postgres. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b: &#171;\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0439 DBA&#187;. \u041d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e DBA? \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e 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