{"id":94658,"date":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati"},"modified":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","slug":"red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat est\u00e1 desenvolvendo um novo sistema de arquivos NVFS, eficiente para mem\u00f3ria NVM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, um dos desenvolvedores do LVM e autor de uma s\u00e9rie inven\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/noindex>, relacionadas \u00e0 otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o do funcionamento de sistemas de armazenamento, trabalha na empresa Red Hat, apresentou<\/a><\/noindex> na lista de discuss\u00e3o dos desenvolvedores do n\u00facleo Linux uma nova sistema de arquivos NVFS<\/a><\/noindex>, voltada para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um sistema de arquivos compacto e r\u00e1pido para chips de mem\u00f3ria n\u00e3o vol\u00e1til (NVM, non-volatile memory, como NVDIMM), combinando o desempenho da RAM com a capacidade de armazenamento permanente dos dados. <\/p>\n

Ao desenvolver o NVFS, foi levado em considera\u00e7\u00e3o a experi\u00eancia do sistema de arquivos NOVA<\/a><\/noindex>, criado em 2017 especificamente para mem\u00f3ria NVM, mas n\u00e3o aceito no n\u00facleo Linux e limitada<\/a><\/noindex> com suporte de n\u00facleos Linux de 4.13 a 5.1.
\nO sistema de arquivos NVFS \u00e9 significativamente mais simples que o NOVA (4972 linhas de c\u00f3digo contra 21459), fornece uma ferramenta fsck, tem um desempenho superior, suporta atributos estendidos (xattrs), r\u00f3tulos de seguran\u00e7a, ACL e quotas, mas n\u00e3o suporta snapshots. A arquitetura<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS \u00e9 semelhante \u00e0
\nsistema de arquivos Ext4 e se alinha bem ao modelo de sistemas de arquivos baseado no subsistema VFS, permitindo minimizar o n\u00famero de camadas e utilizar um m\u00f3dulo que n\u00e3o requer patches no n\u00facleo.<\/p>\n

NVFS utiliza a interface do n\u00facleo DAX<\/a><\/noindex> para acesso direto aos dispositivos de mem\u00f3ria permanente, contornando a cache de p\u00e1gina. Para otimizar o trabalho com a mem\u00f3ria NVM, que utiliza endere\u00e7amento por byte, o conte\u00fado do armazenamento \u00e9 mapeado para o espa\u00e7o de endere\u00e7amento linear do n\u00facleo sem o uso do n\u00edvel de dispositivos de bloco tradicional e cache intermedi\u00e1rio. Para armazenar o conte\u00fado dos diret\u00f3rios, \u00e9 utilizado uma \u00e1rvore radix<\/a><\/noindex> , na qual cada nome de arquivo \u00e9 hasheado e o valor do hash \u00e9 utilizado durante a busca na \u00e1rvore.<\/p>\n

A integridade dos dados \u00e9 garantida por meio do mecanismo \u00absoft updates<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb (como no UFS do FreeBSD e no FFS do OpenBSD) sem a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de journaling. Para evitar a corrup\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos no NVFS, as opera\u00e7\u00f5es de altera\u00e7\u00e3o de dados s\u00e3o agrupadas de tal forma que uma falha n\u00e3o pode levar \u00e0 perda de blocos ou inode, e a integridade das estruturas \u00e9 restaurada com a ajuda da ferramenta fsck. A ferramenta fsck opera em modo multithread e garante desempenho de cerca de 1,6 milh\u00f5es de inode por segundo.<\/p>\n

Em testes de desempenho<\/a><\/noindex> A NVFS executou a opera\u00e7\u00e3o de copiar a \u00e1rvore com os textos de n\u00facleo Linux na mem\u00f3ria NVM cerca de 10% mais r\u00e1pido que a NOVA, 30% mais r\u00e1pido que a ext4 e 37% mais r\u00e1pido que a XFS. No teste de busca de dados, o sistema de arquivos NVFS foi 3% mais r\u00e1pido que a NOVA e 15% mais r\u00e1pido que a ext4 e XFS (mas com o cache de disco ativo, a NOVA foi 15% mais lenta).
\nNo teste de um milh\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es com diret\u00f3rios, a NVFS superou a NOVA em 40%, a ext4 em 22% e a XFS em 46%. Ao simular a atividade de um SGBD, o sistema de arquivos NVFS superou a NOVA em 20%, a ext4 em 18 vezes e a XFS em 5 vezes. No teste fs_mark, os resultados da NVFS e da NOVA ficaram aproximadamente no mesmo n\u00edvel, enquanto a ext4 e a XFS ficaram atr\u00e1s em cerca de 3 vezes.<\/p>\n

O atraso dos sistemas de arquivos tradicionais na mem\u00f3ria NVM deve-se ao fato de que eles n\u00e3o est\u00e3o planejados para endere\u00e7amento por byte, utilizado na mem\u00f3ria n\u00e3o vol\u00e1til, que se apresenta como uma mem\u00f3ria RAM comum. A leitura a partir de dispositivos de armazenamento convencionais garante a atomicidade da opera\u00e7\u00e3o no n\u00edvel de leitura\/escrita de um setor, enquanto a mem\u00f3ria NVM proporciona acesso no n\u00edvel de palavras de m\u00e1quina individuais. Al\u00e9m disso, os sistemas de arquivos tradicionais tentam reduzir a intensidade de acessos ao meio, que \u00e9 considerado intrinsecamente mais lento do que a mem\u00f3ria RAM, e tamb\u00e9m tentam agrupar opera\u00e7\u00f5es para garantir leituras sequenciais ao usar discos r\u00edgidos, processar filas de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es, combater a fragmenta\u00e7\u00e3o e dividir as prioridades de execu\u00e7\u00e3o de diferentes opera\u00e7\u00f5es. Para a mem\u00f3ria NVM, tais complexidades s\u00e3o desnecess\u00e1rias, uma vez que a velocidade de acesso aos dados \u00e9 compar\u00e1vel \u00e0 da RAM e a ordem de acesso n\u00e3o importa.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 (Mikuláš Patočka), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 LVM \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (NVM, non-volatile memory, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 NVDIMM), \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 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