{"id":94771,"date":"2020-09-21T13:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predstavlena-platforma-precursor-dlya-sozdaniya-svobodnyh-mobilnyh-ustrojstv"},"modified":"2020-09-21T13:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:42:19","slug":"predstavlena-platforma-precursor-dlya-sozdaniya-svobodnyh-mobilnyh-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/predstavlena-platforma-precursor-dlya-sozdaniya-svobodnyh-mobilnyh-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"Foi lan\u00e7ada a plataforma Precursor para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de dispositivos m\u00f3veis livres","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Andrew Huang (Andrew Huang<\/a><\/noindex>), um conhecido ativista na promo\u00e7\u00e3o das ideias de hardware livre, premiado com o EFF Pioneer Award 2012<\/a><\/noindex>, apresentou<\/a><\/noindex> plataforma aberta «Precursor<\/a><\/noindex>«, destinada \u00e0 cria\u00e7\u00e3o de conceitos para novos dispositivos m\u00f3veis. Assim como o Raspberry Pi e o Arduino permitem criar dispositivos para a Internet das Coisas, o Precursor tem como objetivo fornecer a capacidade de projetar e montar dispositivos m\u00f3veis variados para atender \u00e0s suas necessidades.<\/p>\n

Diferente de outros projetos, o Precursor oferece aos entusiastas n\u00e3o apenas uma placa, mas um prot\u00f3tipo completo de um dispositivo port\u00e1til com um corpo de alum\u00ednio de 69 x 138 x 7,2 mm, tela LCD (336×536), bateria (1100 mAh Li-Ion), teclado miniatura, alto-falante, motor de vibra\u00e7\u00e3o, aceler\u00f4metro e girosc\u00f3pio. O m\u00f3dulo computacional n\u00e3o vem com um processador pronto, mas com um SoC definido por software baseado em FPGA Xilinx XC7S50, no qual \u00e9 feita a emula\u00e7\u00e3o de um CPU RISC-V de 32 bits, operando a 100MHz. Nesse caso, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 limita\u00e7\u00f5es na emula\u00e7\u00e3o de outros componentes de hardware, por exemplo, pode-se emular o funcionamento de diversos processadores, desde 6502 e Z-80 at\u00e9 AVR e ARM, al\u00e9m de chips de \u00e1udio e v\u00e1rios controladores. A placa inclui 16 MB de SRAM, 128 MB de Flash, Wi-Fi Silicon Labs WF200C, USB tipo C, SPI, I\u00b2C, GPIO.<\/p>\n

\"Foi<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Entre as funcionalidades relacionadas \u00e0 seguran\u00e7a, destaca-se a presen\u00e7a de dois geradores de n\u00fameros pseudoaleat\u00f3rios de hardware. Curiosamente, o dispositivo \u00e9 essencialmente fornecido sem microfone embutido \u2014 entende-se que a captura de som s\u00f3 \u00e9 poss\u00edvel com a conex\u00e3o expl\u00edcita de um fone de ouvido, e se o fone estiver desconectado, \u00e9 fisicamente imposs\u00edvel realizar escuta, mesmo que o software do dispositivo tenha sido comprometido. <\/p>\n

O chip para comunica\u00e7\u00e3o sem fio (Wi-Fi) est\u00e1 fisicamente isolado do restante da plataforma e opera em um ambiente separado. Para proteger contra acesso n\u00e3o autorizado, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 utilizado um gabinete tranc\u00e1vel, um RTC separado para monitoramento de integridade, e monitoramento de movimento em modo de espera (aceler\u00f4metro e girosc\u00f3pio sempre ativos). H\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m um circuito de autodestrui\u00e7\u00e3o e limpeza instant\u00e2nea de todos os dados, acionado por uma chave AES.<\/p>\n

Para descrever os componentes de hardware, \u00e9 utilizada a linguagem FHDL Migen<\/a><\/noindex> (Fragmented Hardware Description Language), baseada em Python. Migen faz parte do framework LiteX<\/a><\/noindex>, que fornece a infraestrutura para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de circuitos eletr\u00f4nicos. Com base no Precursor, utilizando FPGA e LiteX, foi preparado o SoC de refer\u00eancia Betrusted<\/a><\/noindex>, incluindo um CPU VexRISC-V RV32IMAC de 100 MHz, bem como um controlador embutido
\nBetrusted-EC com n\u00facleo LiteX VexRISC-V RV32I de 18 MHz.
\n

\"Foi<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

No SoC Betrusted, h\u00e1 um conjunto embutido de primitivos criptogr\u00e1ficos, como gerador de n\u00fameros aleat\u00f3rios, AES-128, -192, -256 com modos ECB, CBC e CTR, SHA-2 e SHA-512, motor criptogr\u00e1fico<\/a><\/noindex> baseado em curvas el\u00edpticas Curve25519. O motor criptogr\u00e1fico \u00e9 escrito em SystemVerilog e \u00e9 baseado nos n\u00facleos criptogr\u00e1ficos do projeto Google OpenTitan<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

O Precursor \u00e9 posicionado como uma plataforma para cria\u00e7\u00e3o e verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de prot\u00f3tipos, enquanto o Betrusted representa um dos dispositivos m\u00f3veis prontos, criados com base no Precursor. Como os enclaves tradicionais, usados para armazenamento isolado de chaves criptogr\u00e1ficas, n\u00e3o protegem contra ataques de alto n\u00edvel, como a coleta de senhas por meio de keyloggers ou acesso a mensagens por meio de captura de tela, o Betrusted implementou elementos de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o usu\u00e1rio (HCI<\/a><\/noindex>, Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Humano-Computador), garantindo que dados secretos que podem ser lidos por humanos nunca sejam armazenados, exibidos ou transmitidos fora do dispositivo protegido. <\/p>\n

O Betrusted n\u00e3o tenta substituir um telefone celular, mas apenas forma um enclave seguro com entrada e sa\u00edda acess\u00edveis para auditoria. Por exemplo, um smartphone externo pode ser usado via Wi-Fi como um canal de transmiss\u00e3o n\u00e3o confi\u00e1vel, mas as mensagens criptografadas transmitidas s\u00e3o inseridas apenas no teclado embutido do dispositivo Betrusted, e as mensagens recebidas s\u00e3o exibidas apenas na tela embutida.<\/p>\n

Todos os componentes do Precursor e do Betrusted s\u00e3o abertos e dispon\u00edveis para modifica\u00e7\u00e3o e experimenta\u00e7\u00e3o sob a licen\u00e7a Open Hardware Licence 1.2<\/a><\/noindex>, que exige a abertura sob a mesma licen\u00e7a de todas as obras derivadas. Incluindo abertos esquemas<\/a><\/noindex> e a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o completa do projeto das placas principais e secund\u00e1rias<\/a><\/noindex>, da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o pronta do SoC Betrusted<\/a><\/noindex> e do controlador<\/a><\/noindex> (EC<\/a><\/noindex>). Moldes para impress\u00e3o 3D do gabinete est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis. Em forma de projetos abertos, tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 em desenvolvimento um conjunto de firmwares<\/a><\/noindex> e especializado sistema operacional<\/a><\/noindex> Xous baseado em microkernel.<\/p>\n

\"Foi<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u042d\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044e \u0425\u0443\u0430\u043d (Andrew Huang), \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 EFF Pioneer Award 2012, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 «Precursor«, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041f\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a Raspberry Pi \u0438 Arduino \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439, Precursor \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":94772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 Plataforma Precursor para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de dispositivos m\u00f3veis livres apresentada | ProHoster","description":"Andrew Huang, conhecido ativista pela promo\u00e7\u00e3o das ideias de hardware livre, foi 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