{"id":98088,"date":"2020-10-24T02:42:34","date_gmt":"2020-10-24T00:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/shifrovanie-v-mysql-rotacziya-master-key"},"modified":"2020-11-18T00:58:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T22:58:48","slug":"shifrovanie-v-mysql-rotacziya-master-key","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/administrirovanie\/shifrovanie-v-mysql-rotacziya-master-key","title":{"rendered":"Criptografia no MySQL: rota\u00e7\u00e3o da Chave Mestre","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Com a proximidade do in\u00edcio de um novo ciclo de inscri\u00e7\u00f5es para o curso&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/dADq\/\"><strong><em>\u00abBancos de Dados\u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><strong><em>&nbsp;continuamos publicando uma s\u00e9rie de artigos sobre criptografia no MySQL.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No artigo anterior desta s\u00e9rie, discutimos <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/524050\/\"><u>como funciona a criptografia com a chave mestra (Master Key)<\/u><\/a><\/noindex>. Hoje, com base no conhecimento adquirido anteriormente, vamos analisar a rota\u00e7\u00e3o das chaves mestras.<\/p>\n<p>A rota\u00e7\u00e3o das chaves mestras envolve gerar uma nova chave mestra e recriptografar as chaves dos espa\u00e7os de tabelas (que est\u00e3o armazenadas nos cabe\u00e7alhos dos espa\u00e7os de tabelas) com essa nova chave.<\/p>\n<p>Vamos relembrar como \u00e9 o cabe\u00e7alho de um espa\u00e7o de tabela criptografado:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Criptografia no MySQL: rota\u00e7\u00e3o da Chave Mestre\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/24057c50b96236c5ee2647aeca4b575f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Do artigo anterior, sabemos que o servidor, ao iniciar, l\u00ea os cabe\u00e7alhos de todos os espa\u00e7os de tabelas criptografados e memoriza o maior KEY ID. Por exemplo, se temos tr\u00eas tabelas com KEY<em>ID = 3 e uma tabela com KEY<\/em>ID = 4, ent\u00e3o o identificador m\u00e1ximo da chave ser\u00e1 igual a 4. Vamos chamar essa CHAVE ID \u2014 MAX KEY ID.<\/p>\n<h3>Como funciona a rota\u00e7\u00e3o da chave mestra<\/h3>\n<p>1. O usu\u00e1rio executa ALTER INNODB MASTER KEY.<\/p>\n<p>2. O servidor solicita ao armazenamento de chaves (keyring) a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de uma nova chave mestra com o UUID do servidor e KEY<em>ID, que \u00e9 igual ao MAX<\/em>KEY<em>ID aumentado em um.<\/em>Assim, obtemos um identificador de chave mestra igual a INNODB<em>KEY<\/em>KEY-UUID-(MAX<em>KEY<\/em>ID + 1). Ap\u00f3s a gera\u00e7\u00e3o bem-sucedida da chave mestra, o MAX KEY ID \u00e9 incrementado em um (ou seja, MAX<em>KEY<\/em>ID = MAX<\/p>\n<p>ID + 1).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>3. O servidor verifica todos os espa\u00e7os de tabelas criptografados com a chave mestra e para cada espa\u00e7o de tabela:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>criptografa a chave do espa\u00e7o de tabela com a nova chave mestra;<em>KEY<\/em>atualiza o identificador da chave para o novo MAX<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ID;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>se o UUID for diferente do UUID do servidor, atualiza o UUID do servidor. Sabemos que o identificador da chave mestra (Master Key ID), usado para descriptografar a tabela, consiste no UUID e KEY ID, lidos do cabe\u00e7alho do espa\u00e7o de tabela. O que estamos fazendo agora \u00e9 atualizar essa informa\u00e7\u00e3o no cabe\u00e7alho de criptografia do espa\u00e7o de tabela, para que o servidor receba a chave mestra correta.<\/p>\n<p>Se tivermos espa\u00e7os de tabela adquiridos de diferentes locais, como de diferentes backups, podem usar chaves principais diferentes. Todas essas chaves principais precisar\u00e3o ser obtidas do armazenamento ao iniciar o servidor. Isso pode retardar a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o do servidor, especialmente se um armazenamento de chaves estiver em uso. Com a rota\u00e7\u00e3o da chave principal, recriptografamos as chaves dos espa\u00e7os de tabela com uma \u00fanica chave principal, a mesma para todos os espa\u00e7os de tabela. Agora, ao iniciar, o servidor deve obter apenas uma chave principal.<\/p>\n<p>Isso, \u00e9 claro, \u00e9 apenas um efeito colateral agrad\u00e1vel. O objetivo principal da rota\u00e7\u00e3o das chaves principais \u00e9 tornar o nosso servidor mais seguro. Caso a chave principal tenha sido de alguma forma roubada do armazenamento (por exemplo, do Vault Server), pode-se gerar uma nova chave principal e recriptografar as chaves dos espa\u00e7os de tabela, tornando a chave roubada inv\u00e1lida. Estamos a salvo... quase.<\/p>\n<p>No artigo anterior, falei sobre como, ap\u00f3s o roubo da chave do espa\u00e7o de tabelas, uma terceira parte pode us\u00e1-la para descriptografar dados. Desde que haja acesso ao nosso disco. No caso do roubo da chave principal e do acesso aos dados criptografados, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar a chave principal roubada para descriptografar a chave do espa\u00e7o de tabelas e obter os dados descriptografados. Como podemos ver, a rota\u00e7\u00e3o da chave principal n\u00e3o ajuda neste caso. Re-criptografamos a chave do espa\u00e7o de tabelas com uma nova chave principal, mas a chave real usada para criptografar\/descriptografar os dados permanece a mesma. Portanto, o \"hacker\" pode continuar a us\u00e1-la para descriptografar os dados. Antes, sugeri que <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.percona.com\/software\/mysql-database\/percona-server\"><u>Percona Server for MySQL<\/u><\/a><\/noindex> pode realizar a verdadeira recriptografia dos espa\u00e7os de tabela, e n\u00e3o apenas uma simples recriptografia da chave do espa\u00e7o de tabela. Essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 chamada de threads de criptografia (encryption threads). Contudo, no momento, essa funcionalidade ainda \u00e9 experimental.<\/p>\n<p>A rota\u00e7\u00e3o da chave principal \u00e9 \u00fatil quando a chave principal \u00e9 roubada, mas o invasor n\u00e3o tem a capacidade de us\u00e1-la e descriptografar as chaves dos espa\u00e7os de tabela.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/dADq\/\"><strong>Inscreva-se para uma aula demo gratuita.<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h4>Leia mais:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/522092\/\">Criptografia no MySQL: armazenamento de chaves<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/524050\/\">Criptografia no MySQL: uso de Master Key<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/524624\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441&nbsp;\u00ab\u0411\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\u00bb&nbsp;\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 MySQL. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c (Master Key). \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u0420\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":98089,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u00ab\u0411\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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