{"id":99974,"date":"2021-04-20T16:22:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T14:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie"},"modified":"2026-02-14T18:35:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T16:35:58","slug":"soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/blog\/news\/soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie","title":{"rendered":"Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da API FLoC, promovida pelo Google em vez de cookies de rastreamento","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A implementa\u00e7\u00e3o experimental da tecnologia FLoC no Chrome 89, desenvolvida pelo Google como substitui\u00e7\u00e3o aos cookies de rastreamento de movimentos, encontrou resist\u00eancia da comunidade. Ap\u00f3s a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC, o Google planeja interromper completamente o suporte a cookies de terceiros no Chrome\/Chromium, que s\u00e3o utilizados ao acessar sites diferentes do dom\u00ednio da p\u00e1gina atual. Atualmente, o FLoC est\u00e1 sendo testado em um pequeno percentual de usu\u00e1rios do Chrome 90, e o suporte ao FLoC j\u00e1 est\u00e1 inclu\u00eddo na base de c\u00f3digo do Chromium.       <\/p>\n<p>De acordo com os opositores \u00e0 implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC, essa tecnologia n\u00e3o elimina completamente o rastreamento dos usu\u00e1rios, mas substitui uma forma de segmenta\u00e7\u00e3o por outra, e ao tentar resolver alguns problemas, cria outros. Por exemplo, o FLoC cria condi\u00e7\u00f5es para discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o de usu\u00e1rios com base em suas prefer\u00eancias e opini\u00f5es.                     <\/p>\n<p>Rea\u00e7\u00e3o de alguns projetos \u00e0 integra\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC na base de c\u00f3digo do Chromium:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Um dos principais desenvolvedores <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/hosting\/hosting-wordpress\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3264\">do sistema de gerenciamento de conte\u00fado WordPress<\/a>, que det\u00e9m cerca de 40% do mercado de CMS, prop\u00f4s considerar o FLoC como uma amea\u00e7a \u00e0 seguran\u00e7a e aproveitar a possibilidade oferecida na especifica\u00e7\u00e3o para proibir a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC e desativar a determina\u00e7\u00e3o das informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre os interesses do usu\u00e1rio para sites espec\u00edficos. A recusa do FLoC pode ser ativada do lado do site atrav\u00e9s da defini\u00e7\u00e3o do cabe\u00e7alho HTTP \u00abPermissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()\u00bb. Essa proibi\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC \u00e9 sugerida para ser ativada por padr\u00e3o em todas as inst\u00e2ncias do WordPress e as mudan\u00e7as devem ser inclu\u00eddas em uma das atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es que resolvem problemas de seguran\u00e7a.\n<p>Se a proposta for aprovada, em todos os sites que aplicam atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es do WordPress automaticamente, o FLoC ser\u00e1 desativado por padr\u00e3o. Para aqueles que desejam usar o FLoC, ser\u00e1 oferecida uma op\u00e7\u00e3o para desativar a transmiss\u00e3o do cabe\u00e7alho \u00abPermissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()\u00bb. Uma proibi\u00e7\u00e3o semelhante do FLoC tamb\u00e9m foi sugerida para ser adicionada na vers\u00e3o significativa do WordPress 5.8, mas ela est\u00e1 prevista para julho e pode n\u00e3o ser implementada a tempo da ativa\u00e7\u00e3o em massa do FLoC, portanto, est\u00e1 sendo considerada a possibilidade de desativar o FLoC atrav\u00e9s de uma atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o intermedi\u00e1ria.    <\/p>\n<p>Nos coment\u00e1rios, nem todos concordaram com a viabilidade do lan\u00e7amento de uma atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o desse tipo, argumentando que n\u00e3o se deve misturar quest\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a com a preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o pela privacidade. Os abusos das mudan\u00e7as propostas nas atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es autom\u00e1ticas podem levar \u00e0 perda de confian\u00e7a nessas atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es.        <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Os desenvolvedores dos navegadores Vivaldi e Brave Browser se recusaram a implementar o suporte ao FLoC em seus produtos, afirmando que seus usu\u00e1rios t\u00eam direito \u00e0 privacidade. Os representantes da Vivaldi tamb\u00e9m indicaram que devemos chamar as coisas pelo nome, e o FLoC \u2014 n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma tecnologia de prote\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 privacidade, como tenta promover o Google, mas sim uma tecnologia de rastreamento que viola a privacidade.\n<li class=\"l\"> A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de direitos humanos EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) lan\u00e7ou o site amifloced.org, que permite determinar a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC no navegador, dando ao usu\u00e1rio a oportunidade de entender se est\u00e1 participando do experimento do Google.\n<li class=\"l\"> O motor de busca DuckDuckGo criticou o FLoC e adicionou \u00e0 extens\u00e3o do Chrome DuckDuckGo Privacy Essentials o bloqueio do FLoC, al\u00e9m de ter proibido o uso do FLoC no site duckduckgo.com (DuckDuckGo Search) atrav\u00e9s da defini\u00e7\u00e3o do cabe\u00e7alho HTTP \u00abPermissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> A Microsoft ainda n\u00e3o incluiu o FLoC no navegador Edge, adotou uma postura de espera e est\u00e1 tentando desenvolver sua pr\u00f3pria tecnologia de rastreamento de prefer\u00eancias chamada PARAKEET (Private and Anonymized Requests for Ads that Keep Efficacy and Enhance Transparency). A ess\u00eancia do PARAKEET est\u00e1 no uso de um proxy,<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/pt\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"servidor\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3704\">servidor<\/a>, que fica entre o usu\u00e1rio e a rede de an\u00fancios. O usu\u00e1rio recebe um identificador \u00fanico, mas as informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre ele s\u00e3o acessadas apenas pelo proxy, que transmite \u00e0 rede de an\u00fancios apenas um conjunto limitado de informa\u00e7\u00f5es despersonalizadas.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mozilla e Opera n\u00e3o planejam adicionar a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC em seus produtos. A Apple ainda n\u00e3o tomou uma decis\u00e3o final sobre a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC no Safari.\n<li class=\"l\"> O bloqueador de an\u00fancios uBlock implementou o bloqueio de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es FLoC por padr\u00e3o. Um bloqueio similar do FLoC foi adicionado aos complementos Adguard e Adblock Plus.        <\/ul>\n<p>Vale lembrar que a API FLoC (Aprendizado Federado de Coortes) destina-se a determinar a categoria de interesses do usu\u00e1rio sem a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o individual e sem liga\u00e7\u00e3o ao hist\u00f3rico de visitas a sites espec\u00edficos. O FLoC permite a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de grupos de usu\u00e1rios com interesses semelhantes, sem identificar usu\u00e1rios individuais. Os interesses do usu\u00e1rio s\u00e3o determinados atrav\u00e9s de \"coortes\", etiquetas curtas que descrevem diferentes grupos de interesse. As coortes s\u00e3o calculadas do lado do navegador usando algoritmos de aprendizado de m\u00e1quina aplicados a dados de hist\u00f3rico de visitas e ao conte\u00fado aberto no navegador. Os detalhes permanecem do lado do usu\u00e1rio, sendo transmitidas externamente apenas informa\u00e7\u00f5es gerais sobre as coortes que refletem interesses e que permitem a exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de publicidade relevante sem rastrear um usu\u00e1rio espec\u00edfico.      <\/p>\n<p>Principais riscos associados \u00e0 implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do FLoC:  <\/p>\n<ul>  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o com base nas prefer\u00eancias dos usu\u00e1rios. Por exemplo, ofertas de emprego e concess\u00e3o de cr\u00e9dito podem variar de acordo com a etnia, religi\u00e3o, g\u00eanero e idade. Usu\u00e1rios enfrentando dificuldades financeiras podem ser for\u00e7ados a aceitar empr\u00e9stimos com taxas de juros elevadas, e a determina\u00e7\u00e3o de dados demogr\u00e1ficos e prefer\u00eancias pol\u00edticas pode ser utilizada para aumentar a persuas\u00e3o de desinforma\u00e7\u00f5es. Ao usar o FLoC, as informa\u00e7\u00f5es comportamentais seguir\u00e3o o usu\u00e1rio de site a site, e os dados de atividades passadas podem ser utilizados para manipular o usu\u00e1rio ao acessar sites.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00e3o se descarta a possibilidade de engenharia reversa do hist\u00f3rico de visitas com base nos dados da coorte. A an\u00e1lise do algoritmo de atribui\u00e7\u00e3o de coortes permitir\u00e1 inferir quais sites o usu\u00e1rio provavelmente visitou. Al\u00e9m disso, a partir das coortes, podem-se fazer dedu\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a idade, situa\u00e7\u00e3o social, orienta\u00e7\u00e3o de g\u00eanero, prefer\u00eancias pol\u00edticas, dificuldades financeiras ou experi\u00eancias traum\u00e1ticas.\n<li class=\"l\"> O surgimento de um fator adicional para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o oculta do navegador do usu\u00e1rio (\"browser fingerprinting\"). Embora as coortes FLoC abranjam milhares de pessoas, podem ser usadas para aumentar a precis\u00e3o da identifica\u00e7\u00e3o do navegador quando combinadas com outros dados indiretos, como resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da tela, lista de tipos MIME suportados, par\u00e2metros espec\u00edficos em cabe\u00e7alhos (HTTP\/2 e HTTPS), plugins e fontes instaladas, disponibilidade de certas APIs Web, caracter\u00edsticas espec\u00edficas de renderiza\u00e7\u00e3o de placas gr\u00e1ficas via WebGL e Canvas, manipula\u00e7\u00f5es de CSS, e caracter\u00edsticas de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o mouse e teclado.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Fornecimento de dados pessoais adicionais para rastreadores que j\u00e1 identificam usu\u00e1rios. Por exemplo, se um usu\u00e1rio est\u00e1 identificado e entrou em sua conta, o servi\u00e7o pode claramente associar os dados de prefer\u00eancias fornecidos na coorte a um usu\u00e1rio espec\u00edfico e, ao mudar as coortes, rastrear a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de prefer\u00eancias.             <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, \u00e9 importante notar que, paralelamente, representantes da ind\u00fastria publicit\u00e1ria est\u00e3o desenvolvendo outros m\u00e9todos alternativos de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o que podem ser usados para rastrear usu\u00e1rios caso os Cookies de terceiros sejam bloqueados no Chrome. Por exemplo, a empresa The Trade Desk prop\u00f4s a tecnologia UID2 (Identificador Unificado), que implementa um mecanismo de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de usu\u00e1rios que opera em colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com propriet\u00e1rios de sites. O identificador UID2 \u00e9 gerado com base nas informa\u00e7\u00f5es fornecidas pelo usu\u00e1rio ao se registrar no site, como e-mail, n\u00famero de telefone ou dados da conta em redes sociais. Com base na criptografia do conte\u00fado do UID2, um coordenador da infraestrutura cria um token que o propriet\u00e1rio do site pode passar para redes de an\u00fancios. Redes de an\u00fancios autorizadas podem obter as chaves para descriptografar o token e recuperar o UID2 original, que pode ser usado para criar um perfil geral do usu\u00e1rio, agregando informa\u00e7\u00f5es de diferentes fontes.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54951\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Chrome 89 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 FLoC, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Cookie, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f FLoC \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 Chrome\/Chromium \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 Cookie, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 FLoC \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Chrome 89 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 FLoC, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b 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