{"id":100532,"date":"2021-06-17T22:23:06","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T20:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-predlozhil-slsa-dlya-zashhity-ot-vredonosnyh-izmenenij-v-proczesse-razrabotki"},"modified":"2021-06-17T22:23:06","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T20:23:08","slug":"google-predlozhil-slsa-dlya-zashhity-ot-vredonosnyh-izmenenij-v-proczesse-razrabotki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/google-predlozhil-slsa-dlya-zashhity-ot-vredonosnyh-izmenenij-v-proczesse-razrabotki","title":{"rendered":"Google a propus SLSA pentru a proteja \u00eempotriva modific\u0103rilor mali\u021bioase \u00een procesul de dezvoltare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Google a lansat cadrul SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts), care sintetizeaz\u0103 experien\u021ba existent\u0103 \u00een protejarea infrastructurii de dezvoltare \u00eempotriva atacurilor care au loc \u00een timpul scrierii codului, test\u0103rii, construirii \u0219i distribu\u021biei produsului.     <\/p>\n<p>Procesele de dezvoltare devin din ce \u00een ce mai complexe \u0219i depind de instrumente externe, ceea ce creeaz\u0103 condi\u021bii favorabile pentru atacurile legate nu de identificarea \u0219i exploatarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor \u00een produsul final, ci de compromiterea procesului de dezvoltare \u00een sine (atacuri \u201esupply chain\u201d, de obicei axate pe introducerea de modific\u0103ri mali\u021bioase \u00een procesul de scriere a codului, substituirea componentelor distribuite \u0219i a dependen\u021belor).       <\/p>\n<p>Cadrul ia \u00een considerare 8 tipuri de atacuri legate de amenin\u021b\u0103rile de introducere a modific\u0103rilor mali\u021bioase \u00een etapa de dezvoltare a codului, construc\u021bie, testare \u0219i distribu\u021bie a produsului.      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google a propus SLSA pentru a proteja \u00eempotriva modific\u0103rilor mali\u021bioase \u00een procesul de dezvoltare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/d99f0d7ebc6009bcecf21f65f77dcf65.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A. Introducerea \u00een codul surs\u0103 a modific\u0103rilor care con\u021bin backdoor-uri sau erori ascunse, care conduc la vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi.\n<p>Exemplu de atac: \u201eHypocrite Commits\u201d \u2014 \u00eencercarea de a introduce \u00een nucleul Linux patch-uri cu vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi.   <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie propus\u0103: revizuirea independent\u0103 a fiec\u0103rei modific\u0103ri de c\u0103tre doi dezvoltatori.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> B. Compromiterea platformei de gestionare a codului surs\u0103.\n<p>Exemplul unui atac: introducerea de commit-uri mali\u021bioase cu backdoor \u00een depozitul Git al proiectului PHP dup\u0103 scurgerea parolelor dezvoltatorilor.  <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie propus\u0103: cre\u0219terea securit\u0103\u021bii platformei de gestionare a codului (\u00een cazul PHP, atacul a fost realizat printr-o interfa\u021b\u0103 HTTPS pu\u021bin utilizat\u0103, care permitea trimiterea modific\u0103rilor la autentificare prin parol\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 verificarea cheii SSH, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 pentru hash-ul parolilor a fost utilizat MD5 nesigur).    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\">C. Introducerea modific\u0103rilor \u00een etapa de transmitere a codului c\u0103tre sistemul de construire sau integrarea continu\u0103 (se construie\u0219te un cod care nu corespunde cu codul din depozit).\n<p>Exemplul unui atac: introducerea unui backdoor \u00een Webmin prin modificarea infrastructurii de construire, care a dus la utilizarea fi\u0219ierelor cu cod diferite de cele din depozit.     <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie propus\u0103: verificarea integrit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i identificarea sursei de provenien\u021b\u0103 a codului pe sistemul de construire. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2636\">server<\/a>.      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> D. Compromiterea platformei de construire.\n<p>Exemplu de atac: atacul SolarWinds, \u00een cadrul c\u0103ruia, \u00een etapa de construire, a fost asigurat un backdoor \u00een produsul SolarWinds Orion.  <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie propus\u0103: implementarea unor m\u0103suri extinse de securitate pentru platforma de construire.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> E. Promovarea codului mali\u021bios prin dependen\u021be de calitate sc\u0103zut\u0103.\n<p>Exemplu de atac: inserarea unui backdoor \u00een biblioteca popular\u0103 event-stream, prin ad\u0103ugarea unei dependen\u021be inofensive, cu ulterior includerea \u00een una dintre actualiz\u0103rile acestei dependen\u021be a codului mali\u021bios (modificarea mali\u021bioas\u0103 nu a fost reflectat\u0103 \u00een depozitul git, fiind prezent\u0103 doar \u00een pachetul MNP final).    <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie propus\u0103: aplicarea recursiv\u0103 a cerin\u021belor SLSA pentru toate dependen\u021bele (\u00een cazul event-stream, verificarea ar fi eviden\u021biat construc\u021bia codului care nu se conforma cu con\u021binutul depozitului principal Git).    \t  <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> F. \u00cenc\u0103rcarea artefactelor care nu au fost create \u00een sistemul CI\/CD.\n<p>Exemplu de atac: ad\u0103ugarea codului mali\u021bios \u00een scriptul CodeCov, care permitea atacatorilor s\u0103 extrag\u0103 informa\u021bii stocate \u00een mediile sistemelor de integrare continu\u0103 ale clien\u021bilor.    <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie propus\u0103: monitorizarea sursei \u0219i integrit\u0103\u021bii artefactelor (\u00een cazul CodeCov, ar fi putut fi identificat faptul c\u0103 scriptul Bash Uploader livrat de site-ul codecov.io nu corespunde codului din depozitul proiectului).    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> G. Compromiterea depozitului de pachete.\n<p>Exemplu de atac: cercet\u0103torii au reu\u0219it s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219oare oglinzi ale unor depozite populare de pachete cu scopul de a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi prin acestea pachete mali\u021bioase.    <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie propus\u0103: verificarea c\u0103 artefactele distribuite au fost construite din sursele enun\u021bate.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> H. Introducerea \u00een confuzie a utilizatorului pentru a instala un pachet gre\u0219it.\n<p>Exemplu de atac: utilizarea type squatting (NPM, RubyGems, PyPI) pentru a plasa \u00een depozite pachete care seam\u0103n\u0103 \u00een scriere cu aplica\u021bii populare (de exemplu, coffe-script \u00een loc de coffee-script).      <\/ul>\n<p>Pentru a bloca amenin\u021b\u0103rile marcate, SLSA ofer\u0103 un set de recomand\u0103ri, precum \u0219i instrumente pentru automatizarea cre\u0103rii de metadate pentru audit. SLSA generalizeaz\u0103 metodele tipice de atac \u0219i introduce conceptul de niveluri de protec\u021bie. Fiecare nivel impune cerin\u021be specifice pentru infrastructur\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd garantarea integrit\u0103\u021bii artifactelor utilizate \u00een dezvoltare. Cu c\u00e2t nivelul SLSA suportat este mai ridicat, cu at\u00e2t mai multe m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie sunt implementate \u0219i cu at\u00e2t infrastructura este mai bine protejat\u0103 \u00eempotriva atacurilor tipice.     <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 1 \u2014 cere ca procesul de compilare s\u0103 fie complet automatizat \u0219i s\u0103 genereze metadate (\u201eprovenance\u201d) despre cum sunt create artefactele, inclusiv informa\u021bii despre codul surs\u0103, dependen\u021be \u0219i procesul de compilare (pentru GitHub Actions a fost propus un exemplu de generator de metadate pentru audit). SLSA 1 nu include elemente de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva introducerii de modific\u0103ri mali\u021bioase, ci doar identific\u0103 \u00een mod simplu codul \u0219i ofer\u0103 metadate pentru gestionarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i analiza riscurilor.\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 2 \u2014 extinde primul nivel prin cerin\u021ba de utilizare a unui sistem de gestionare a versiunilor \u0219i a serviciilor de compilare care genereaz\u0103 metadate autentificate. Aplicarea SLSA 2 permite urm\u0103rirea originii codului \u0219i \u00eempiedic\u0103 introducerea de modific\u0103ri neautorizate \u00een cod, \u00een cazul utiliz\u0103rii serviciilor de compilare de \u00eencredere.\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 3 \u2014 confirm\u0103 c\u0103 codul surs\u0103 \u0219i platforma de compilare \u00eendeplinesc cerin\u021bele standardelor care garanteaz\u0103 posibilitatea de auditare a codului \u0219i asigurarea integrit\u0103\u021bii metadatelor furnizate. Se presupune c\u0103 auditorii pot certifica platformele \u00een func\u021bie de conformitatea cu cerin\u021bele standardelor.\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 4 \u2014 cel mai \u00eenalt nivel, care completeaz\u0103 nivelurile anterioare cu urm\u0103toarele cerin\u021be:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Recenzarea obligatorie a tuturor modific\u0103rilor de c\u0103tre doi dezvoltatori diferi\u021bi.\n<li class=\"l\"> To\u021bi pa\u0219ii de construire, codul \u0219i dependen\u021bele trebuie declarate complet, toate dependen\u021bele trebuie extrase \u0219i verificate individual, iar procesul de construire trebuie s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare f\u0103r\u0103 acces la re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aplicarea procesului de compilare repetabil \u2014 capacitatea de a repeta procesul de compilare independent \u0219i de a verifica c\u0103 fi\u0219ierul executabil a fost compilat din codurile surs\u0103 furnizate.        <\/ul>\n<p>      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google a propus SLSA pentru a proteja \u00eempotriva modific\u0103rilor mali\u021bioase \u00een procesul de dezvoltare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/3f0bdd24afeec562582d8410b490e705.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55345\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0451\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":100533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0451\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 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