Pe 25 august 1991, dup\u0103 cinci luni de dezvoltare, studentul de 21 de ani Linus Torvalds a anun\u021bat \u00eentr-o conferin\u021b\u0103 de teleconferin\u021b\u0103 pe comp.os.minix crearea unui prototip func\u021bional al noului sistem de operare Linux, pentru care a fost marcat\u0103 finalizarea port\u0103rii bash 1.08 \u0219i gcc 1.40. Prima lansare public\u0103 a nucleului Linux a fost prezentat\u0103 pe 17 septembrie. Nucleul 0.0.1 avea o dimensiune de 62 KB \u00een format comprimat \u0219i con\u021binea aproximativ 10.000 de linii de cod surs\u0103. Nucleul modern Linux are peste 28 milioane de linii de cod. Potrivit unui studiu realizat \u00een 2010 la comanda Uniunii Europene, costul aproximativ al dezvolt\u0103rii de la zero a unui proiect similar nucleului modern Linux ar fi dep\u0103\u0219it un miliard de dolari SUA (calculul a fost efectuat c\u00e2nd nucleul avea 13 milioane de linii de cod); alte estim\u0103ri sugereaz\u0103 mai mult de 3 miliarde. <\/p>\n
Nucleul Linux a fost creat sub influen\u021ba sistemului de operare MINIX, care nu-l mul\u021bumea pe Linus din cauza licen\u021bei sale restrictive. Ulterior, c\u00e2nd Linux a devenit un proiect bine-cunoscut, adversarii au \u00eencercat s\u0103-l acuze pe Linus de copierea direct\u0103 a codului unor subsisteme MINIX. Atacul a fost respins de Andrew Tanenbaum, autorul MINIX, care a desemnat unul dintre studen\u021bi s\u0103 efectueze o compara\u021bie detaliat\u0103 \u00eentre codul Minix \u0219i primele versiuni publice ale Linux. Rezultatele studiului au ar\u0103tat doar patru suprapuneri nesemnificative ale blocurilor de cod, cauzate de cerin\u021bele POSIX \u0219i ANSI C. <\/p>\n
Ini\u021bial, Linus a inten\u021bionat s\u0103 numeasc\u0103 nucleul Freax, de la cuvintele \u201efree\u201d, \u201efreak\u201d \u0219i X (Unix). \u00cens\u0103 numele \u201eLinux\u201d a fost dat nucleului cu ajutorul lui Ari Lemke, care, la cererea lui Linus, a pus nucleul pe serverul FTP al universit\u0103\u021bii, numind directorul arhivei nu \u201efreax\u201d, a\u0219a cum ceruse Torvalds, ci \u201elinux\u201d. Este demn de remarcat c\u0103 antreprenorul William Della Croce a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze marca Linux \u0219i dorea s\u0103 colecteze redeven\u021be \u00een timp, dar ulterior \u0219i-a schimbat opinia \u0219i a cedat toate drepturile asupra m\u0103rcii lui Linus. Mascota oficial\u0103 a nucleului Linux, pinguinul Tux, a fost ales \u00een urma unei competi\u021bii care a avut loc \u00een 1996. Numele Tux se deschifreaz\u0103 ca Torvalds UniX. <\/p>\n
Dinamica cre\u0219terii bazei de cod (num\u0103rul de linii de cod surs\u0103) a nucleului: <\/p>\n
Progresul dezvolt\u0103rii nucleului: <\/p>\n
68% din toate modific\u0103rile din nucleu au fost realizate de 20 dintre cele mai active companii. De exemplu, \u00een dezvoltarea nucleului 5.13, 10% din toate modific\u0103rile au fost preg\u0103tite de compania Intel, 6.5% de Huawei, 5.9% de Red Hat, 5.7% de Linaro, 4.9% de Google, 4.8% de AMD, 3.1% de NVIDIA, 2.8% de Facebook, 2.3% de SUSE, 2.1% de IBM, 1.9% de Oracle, 1.5% de ARM, 1.4% de Canonical. 13.2% din modific\u0103ri au fost preg\u0103tite de participan\u021bi independen\u021bi sau dezvoltatori care nu \u0219i-au declarat \u00een mod explicit munca pentru anumite companii. 1.3% din modific\u0103ri au fost realizate de studen\u021bi, dintre care unii erau la studii post-universitare \u0219i reprezentan\u021bi ai institu\u021biilor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de linii de cod ad\u0103ugate \u00een nucleul 5.13, compania AMD conduce cu o cot\u0103 de 20.2% (driverul amdgpu con\u021bine aproximativ 3 milioane de linii de cod, reprezent\u00e2nd aproximativ 10% din dimensiunea total\u0103 a nucleului - 2.4 milioane de linii vin din fi\u0219ierele de antet generate automat cu date pentru registrii GPU). 25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Nucleul Linux a \u00eemplinit 30 de ani | ProHoster","description":"Pe 25 august 1991, dup\u0103 cinci luni de dezvoltare, studentul de 21 de ani Linus Torvalds a anun\u021bat \u00een conferin\u021ba online comp.os.minix crearea unui prototip func\u021bional al noului sistem de operare 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Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"