{"id":102208,"date":"2021-11-03T21:36:40","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T19:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/nachalos-beta-testirovanie-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9"},"modified":"2021-11-03T21:36:40","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T19:36:40","slug":"nachalos-beta-testirovanie-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/nachalos-beta-testirovanie-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","title":{"rendered":"A \u00eenceput testarea beta a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Red Hat a lansat prima versiune beta a distribu\u021biei Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Imaginile de instalare sunt preg\u0103tite pentru utilizatorii \u00eenregistra\u021bi pe Red Hat Customer Portal (pentru evaluarea func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii, pot fi folosite \u0219i imaginile ISO CentOS Stream 9). Repositoarele cu pachete sunt disponibile f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii pentru arhitecturile x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0219i Aarch64 (ARM64). Codul surs\u0103 al pachetelor rpm pentru Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 este disponibil \u00een repositoul Git CentOS. Lansarea este a\u0219teptat\u0103 \u00een prima jum\u0103tate a anului viitor. Conform ciclului de suport de 10 ani, RHEL 9 va beneficia de asisten\u021b\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2032. Actualiz\u0103rile pentru RHEL 7 vor continua s\u0103 fie lansate p\u00e2n\u0103 la 30 iunie 2024, iar pentru RHEL 8 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 31 mai 2029.     <\/p>\n<p>Distribu\u021bia Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 se remarc\u0103 prin trecerea la un proces de dezvoltare mai deschis. Spre deosebire de ramurile anterioare, baza de pachete CentOS Stream 9 a fost utilizat\u0103 ca baz\u0103 pentru construirea distribu\u021biei. CentOS Stream este pozi\u021bionat ca un proiect upstream pentru RHEL, oferind participan\u021bilor externi posibilitatea de a controla preg\u0103tirea pachetelor pentru RHEL, de a propune modific\u0103ri \u0219i de a influen\u021ba deciziile luate. \u00cen trecut, un instantaneu al unei versiuni Fedora era folosit ca baz\u0103 pentru o nou\u0103 ramur\u0103 RHEL, care era rafinat\u0103 \u0219i stabilizat\u0103 \u00een spatele u\u0219ilor \u00eenchise, f\u0103r\u0103 posibilitatea de a controla procesul de dezvoltare \u0219i deciziile luate. Acum, pe baza unui instantaneu Fedora, contribu\u021bia comunit\u0103\u021bii formeaz\u0103 ramura CentOS Stream, \u00een care se realizaz\u0103 lucr\u0103rile preg\u0103titoare pentru a crea baza unei noi ramuri semnificative RHEL.      <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri cheie:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Medii de sistem \u0219i instrumentele de compilare au fost actualizate. GCC 11 a fost utilizat pentru compilarea pachetelor. Biblioteca standard C a fost actualizat\u0103 la glibc 2.34. Pachetul cu nucleul Linux a fost construit pe baza versiunii 5.14. Managerul de pachete RPM a fost actualizat la versiunea 4.16, cu suport pentru controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii prin fapolicyd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Migrarea distribu\u021biei pe Python 3 a fost finalizat\u0103. Ramura Python 3.9 a fost propus\u0103 implicit. Livrarea Python 2 a fost suspendat\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\">  Desktop-ul se bazeaz\u0103 pe GNOME 40 (\u00een RHEL 8 a fost livrat GNOME 3.28) \u0219i biblioteca GTK 4. \u00cen GNOME 40, desktop-urile virtuale \u00een modul de prezentare (Activities Overview) au fost mutate \u00een orientare orizontal\u0103 \u0219i sunt prezentate ca o secven\u021b\u0103 de derulare continu\u0103, de la st\u00e2nga la dreapta. Pe fiecare desktop, afi\u0219at \u00een modul de prezentare, sunt prezentate clar feroneriile existente, pentru care se aplic\u0103 panoramarea \u0219i scalarea dinamic\u0103 la interac\u021biunea utilizatorului. Se asigur\u0103 o tranzi\u021bie f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eentreruperi \u00eentre lista de programe \u0219i desktop-urile virtuale.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen GNOME este utilizat managerul power-profiles-daemon, care ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a comuta rapid \u00eentre modul de economisire a energiei, modul de consum echilibrat \u0219i modul de performan\u021b\u0103 maxim\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Toate fluxurile audio au fost migrate la serverul multimedia PipeWire, care este acum utilizat \u00een mod implicit \u00een loc de PulseAudio \u0219i JACK. Utilizarea PipeWire permite, \u00een edi\u021bia desktop obi\u0219nuit\u0103, s\u0103 ofere capabilit\u0103\u021bi profesionale de prelucrare a sunetului, s\u0103 elimine fragmentarea \u0219i s\u0103 unifice infrastructura audio pentru diferite aplica\u021bii.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen mod implicit, meniul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare GRUB este ascuns dac\u0103 RHEL este singura distribu\u021bie instalat\u0103 \u00een sistem \u0219i dac\u0103 ultima \u00eenc\u0103rcare a avut loc f\u0103r\u0103 erori. Pentru a afi\u0219a meniul \u00een timpul \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii, trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi ap\u0103sat\u0103 tasta Shift sau s\u0103 ap\u0103sa\u021bi de mai multe ori tasta Esc sau F8. Printre modific\u0103rile din bootloader se remarc\u0103 plasarea fi\u0219ierelor de configura\u021bie GRUB pentru toate arhitecturile \u00eentr-un singur director \/boot\/grub2\/ (fi\u0219ierul \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/redhat\/grub.cfg este acum un link simbolic c\u0103tre \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg), adic\u0103 aceea\u0219i sistem instalat poate fi \u00eenc\u0103rcat at\u00e2t folosind EFI, c\u00e2t \u0219i BIOS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentele pentru suportul diverselor limbi sunt incluse \u00een pachetele langpacks, care permit ajustarea nivelului de suport lingvistic instalat. De exemplu, pachetul langpacks-core-font ofer\u0103 doar fonturi, langpacks-core con\u021bine localizarea pentru glibc, fontul de baz\u0103 \u0219i metoda de introducere, iar langpacks include traduceri, fonturi suplimentare \u0219i dic\u021bionare pentru verificarea ortografic\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru instalarea simultan\u0103 a diferitelor versiuni de software \u0219i pentru o frecven\u021b\u0103 mai mare a actualiz\u0103rilor, se folosesc componentele Application Streams, care acum pot fi generate folosind toate op\u021biunile de distribuire a pachetelor acceptate \u00een RHEL, inclusiv pachetele RPM, module (grpupate \u00een seturi de module de pachete rpm), SCL (Software Collection) \u0219i Flatpak.\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentele au fost actualizate pentru a asigura securitatea. Distribu\u021bia a implementat o nou\u0103 ramur\u0103 a bibliotecii criptografice OpenSSL 3.0. Au fost activate prin intermediul configura\u021biei algoritmi criptografici mai moderni \u0219i mai siguri (de exemplu, utilizarea SHA-1 \u00een TLS, DTLS, SSH, IKEv2 \u0219i Kerberos este interzis\u0103, iar TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.0, RC4, Camellia, DSA, 3DES \u0219i FFDHE-1024 sunt dezactivate). Pachetul OpenSSH a fost actualizat la versiunea 8.6p1. Cyrus SASL a fost mutat pe backend GDBM \u00een loc de Berkeley DB. \u00cen bibliotecile NSS (Network Security Services) suportul formatului DBM (Berkeley DB) a fost \u00eencheiat. GnuTLS a fost actualizat la versiunea 3.7.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Performan\u021ba SELinux a fost semnificativ \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 \u0219i consumul de memorie a fost redus. \u00cen \/etc\/selinux\/config a fost eliminat\u0103 suportul pentru setarea \u201eSELINUX=disabled\u201d pentru a dezactiva SELinux (aceast\u0103 setare acum doar dezactiveaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea politicilor, iar pentru dezactivarea efectiv\u0103 a func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii SELinux este necesar\u0103 transmiterea parametrului \u201eselinux=0\u201d c\u0103tre nucleu).\n<li class=\"l\"> Suport experimental ad\u0103ugat <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"185\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard.\n<li class=\"l\"> Accesul prin SSH sub utilizatorul root este interzis implicit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Instruments de gestionare a filtrului de pachete iptables-nft (utilit\u0103\u021bile iptables, ip6tables, ebtables \u0219i arptables) \u0219i ipset au fost declarate \u00eenvechite. Pentru gestionarea firewall-ului este acum recomandat s\u0103 se foloseasc\u0103 nftables.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost inclus un nou demon mptcpd pentru configurarea MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), o extensie a protocolului TCP pentru a permite func\u021bionarea conexiunilor TCP cu livrarea pachetelor simultan pe mai multe rute prin diferite interfe\u021be de re\u021bea, legate la diferite adrese IP. Utilizarea mptcpd permite configurarea MPTCP f\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea utilitarului iproute2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetul network-scripts a fost eliminat, iar pentru configurarea conexiunilor de re\u021bea se recomand\u0103 utilizarea NetworkManager. Suportul pentru formatul de configurare ifcfg a fost p\u0103strat, dar NetworkManager utilizeaz\u0103 implicit un format bazat pe fi\u0219ier keyfile.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost incluse noi versiuni de compilatoare \u0219i instrumente pentru dezvoltatori: GCC 11.2, LLVM\/Clang 12.0.1, Rust 1.54, Go 1.16.6, Node.js 16, OpenJDK 17, Perl 5.32, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, Ruby 3.0, Git 2.31, Subversion 1.14, binutils 2.35, CMake 3.20.2, Maven 3.6, Ant 1.10.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetele serverului au fost actualizate: Apache HTTP Server 2.4, nginx 1.20, Varnish Cache 6.5, Squid 5.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost actualizate sistemele de baze de date MariaDB 10.5, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 13, Redis 6.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru compilarea emulatorului QEMU, Clang este utilizat \u00een mod implicit, permi\u021b\u00e2nd aplicarea unor mecanisme suplimentare de protec\u021bie \u00een hipervizorul KVM, cum ar fi SafeStack pentru protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva metodelor de exploatare bazate pe programare orientat\u0103 pe return\u0103ri (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming).\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021biile consolei web au fost extinse: au fost ad\u0103ugate metrice suplimentare de performan\u021b\u0103 pentru identificarea punctelor slabe (CPU, memorie, disc, resurse de re\u021bea), exportul metricilor a fost simplificat pentru vizualizare cu ajutorul Grafana, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea de gestionare a patch-urilor live pentru kernel \u0219i a fost oferit\u0103 suport pentru autentificarea prin carduri inteligente (inclusiv pentru sudo \u0219i SSH).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen SSSD (System Security Services Daemon) a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit nivelul de detaliere al jurnalelor, de exemplu, acum este ata\u0219at timpul de finalizare a sarcinii la evenimente \u0219i este reflectat fluxul de autentificare. Au fost ad\u0103ugate func\u021bii de c\u0103utare pentru analizarea problemelor de configurare \u0219i performan\u021b\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) a fost extins pentru a verifica integritatea componentelor sistemului de operare prin semn\u0103turi digitale \u0219i hash-uri.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen mod implicit, este activat\u0103 o ierarhie unificat\u0103 de cgroup (cgroup v2). Cgroups v2 pot fi utilizate, de exemplu, pentru a limita consumul de memorie, resurse CPU \u0219i input\/output. Principala diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre cgroups v2 \u0219i v1 este aplicarea unei ierarhii comune de cgroups pentru toate tipurile de resurse, \u00een locul unor ierarhii separate pentru distribuirea resurselor CPU, pentru reglementarea consumului de memorie \u0219i pentru input\/output. Ierarhiile separate au dus la dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een organizarea interac\u021biunilor \u00eentre gestionari \u0219i la costuri suplimentare cu resursele nucleului \u00een aplicarea regulilor pentru un proces, men\u021bionat \u00een diferite ierarhii.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru sincronizarea timpului exact bazat pe protocolul NTS (Network Time Security), care utilizeaz\u0103 elemente ale infrastructurii cu cheie public\u0103 (PKI) \u0219i permite utilizarea TLS \u0219i cript\u0103rii autentificate AEAD (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data) pentru protec\u021bia criptografic\u0103 a interac\u021biunii clientului \u0219i <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3765\">server<\/a> prin protocolul NTP (Network Time Protocol). Serverul NTP chrony a fost actualizat la versiunea 4.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate noi roluri sistemice Ansible pentru automatizarea instal\u0103rii, configur\u0103rii \u0219i rularii Postfix, Microsoft SQL Server, tuneluri VPN \u0219i serviciul timesync. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 un nou rol Ansible pentru suportul parti\u021biilor LVM (Logical Volume Manager) VDO (Virtual Data Optimizer).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost asigurat suport experimental (Technology Preview) pentru KTLS (implementarea TLS la nivel de nucleu), Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions), DAX (Direct Access) pentru ext4 \u0219i XFS, suport pentru AMD SEV \u0219i SEV-ES \u00een hipervizorul KVM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sunt incluse modific\u0103rile legate de traducerea codului, documenta\u021biei \u0219i resurselor web dezvoltate \u00een Red Hat, pentru a utiliza o terminologie mai incluziv\u0103, renun\u021b\u00e2nd la utilizarea cuvintelor master, slave, blacklist \u0219i whitelist.     <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56095\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 Red Hat Customer Portal (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c iso-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b CentOS Stream 9). \u0420\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64 (ARM64). \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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