{"id":102342,"date":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1"},"modified":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea filtrului de pachete nftables 1.0.1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost publicat\u0103 lansarea filtrului de pachete nftables 1.0.1, care unific\u0103 interfe\u021bele de filtrare a pachetelor pentru IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0219i pun\u021bi de re\u021bea (destinat\u0103 \u00eenlocuirii iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u0219i ebtables). Modific\u0103rile necesare func\u021bion\u0103rii lans\u0103rii nftables 1.0.1 sunt incluse \u00een nucleul Linux 5.16-rc1.      <\/p>\n<p>Pachetul nftables include componente ale filtrului de pachete care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, \u00een timp ce, la nivel de nucleu, func\u021bionarea este asigurat\u0103 de subsistemul nf_tables, parte a nucleului Linux \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu versiunea 3.13. La nivel de nucleu se ofer\u0103 doar o interfa\u021b\u0103 general\u0103, independent\u0103 de protocolul specific, care asigur\u0103 func\u021bii de baz\u0103 pentru extragerea datelor din pachete, executarea opera\u021biunilor cu datele \u0219i gestionarea fluxului.    <\/p>\n<p>Regulile de filtrare \u0219i handler-ii specifici pentru protocoale sunt compilate \u00een bytecode \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, dup\u0103 care acest bytecode este \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u00een nucleu prin intermediul interfe\u021bei Netlink \u0219i executat \u00een nucleu \u00eentr-un mod special <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4318\">ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103<\/a>, similar cu BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Aceast\u0103 abordare permite reducerea semnificativ\u0103 a dimensiunii codului de filtrare care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivel de nucleu \u0219i mutarea tuturor func\u021biilor de analiz\u0103 a regulilor \u0219i logica de func\u021bionare cu protocoalele \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului.    <\/p>\n<p>Nout\u0103\u021bi principale:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Consumul de memorie a fost redus atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eencarc\u0103 liste mari de seturi \u0219i h\u0103r\u021bi.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cenc\u0103rcarea seturilor \u0219i h\u0103r\u021bilor a fost accelerat\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Accelerarea afi\u015f\u0103rii tabelelor selectate \u0219i a lan\u021burilor \u00een seturi mari de reguli. De exemplu, timpul de execu\u021bie al comenzii &#171;nft list ruleset&#187; pentru a afi\u0219a un set de reguli de 100.000 de linii este de 3,049 secunde, iar c\u00e2nd se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 doar tabelele nat \u0219i filter (&#171;nft list table nat&#187;, &#171;nft list table filter&#187;) se reduce la 1,969 \u0219i 0,697 secunde.\n<li class=\"l\"> Executarea interog\u0103rilor cu op\u021biunea &#171;\u2014terse&#187; a fost accelerat\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se proceseaz\u0103 reguli cu seturi \u0219i liste map mari.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a oferit posibilitatea filtr\u0103rii traficului din lan\u021bul &#171;egress&#187;, care este procesat la acela\u0219i nivel cu prelucr\u0103torul egress din lan\u021bul netdev (hook egress), adic\u0103 \u00een faza \u00een care driverul prime\u0219te un pachet de la stiva de re\u021bea a nucleului.       table netdev filter {          chain egress {                  type filter hook egress devices = { eth0, eth1 } priority 0;                  meta priority set ip saddr map { 192.168.10.2 : abcd:2,   192.168.10.3 : abcd:3 }          }    }\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost permis\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea \u0219i modificarea byte-urilor din antetul \u0219i con\u021binutul pachetului conform unui offset specificat.      # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 0x14000000 counter    # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 set 0x14000000 counter    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56192\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.1, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.1 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.16-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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