{"id":102446,"date":"2021-12-02T21:36:39","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T19:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimost-v-mozilla-nss-pozvolyayushhaya-vypolnit-kod-pri-obrabotke-sertifikatov"},"modified":"2021-12-02T21:36:39","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T19:36:39","slug":"uyazvimost-v-mozilla-nss-pozvolyayushhaya-vypolnit-kod-pri-obrabotke-sertifikatov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/uyazvimost-v-mozilla-nss-pozvolyayushhaya-vypolnit-kod-pri-obrabotke-sertifikatov","title":{"rendered":"O vulnerabilitate \u00een Mozilla NSS care permite executarea de cod la procesarea certificatelor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen setul de biblioteci criptografice NSS (Network Security Services), dezvoltate de Mozilla, a fost descoperit\u0103 o vulnerabilitate critic\u0103 (CVE-2021-43527), care poate permite executarea codului r\u0103u inten\u021bionat \u00een timpul proces\u0103rii semn\u0103turilor digitale DSA sau RSA-PSS, specificate folosind metoda de codare DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules). Problema, denumit\u0103 BigSig, a fost remediat\u0103 \u00een versiunile NSS 3.73 \u0219i NSS ESR 3.68.1. Actualiz\u0103rile pachetelor \u00een distribu\u021bii sunt disponibile pentru Debian, RHEL, Ubuntu, SUSE, Arch Linux, Gentoo, FreeBSD. Actualiz\u0103rile pentru Fedora nu sunt \u00eenc\u0103 disponibile.    <\/p>\n<p> Problema apare \u00een aplica\u021biile care utilizeaz\u0103 NSS pentru procesarea semn\u0103turilor digitale CMS, S\/MIME, PKCS #7 \u0219i PKCS #12, sau \u00een timpul verific\u0103rii certificatelor \u00een implement\u0103rile TLS, X.509, OCSP \u0219i CRL. Vulnerabilitatea poate ap\u0103rea \u00een diverse aplica\u021bii client \u0219i server care suport\u0103 TLS, DTLS \u0219i S\/MIME, \u00een clien\u021bi de email \u0219i cititoare PDF care folosesc apelul NSS CERT_VerifyCertificate() pentru a verifica semn\u0103turile digitale.     <\/p>\n<p>Printre aplica\u021biile vulnerabile se num\u0103r\u0103 LibreOffice, Evolution \u0219i Evince. Poten\u021bial, problema poate afecta \u0219i proiecte precum Pidgin, Apache OpenOffice, Suricata, Curl, Chrony, Red Hat Directory Server, Red Hat Certificate System, mod_nss pentru serverul http Apache, Oracle Communications Messaging Server, Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition. Totu\u0219i, vulnerabilitatea nu afecteaz\u0103 Firefox, Thunderbird \u0219i Tor Browser, care folosesc o bibliotec\u0103 separat\u0103 mozilla::pkix pentru verificare, parte integrant\u0103 a NSS. Browserele bazate pe Chromium nu sunt afectate (dac\u0103 nu au fost construite special cu NSS), care au folosit NSS p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2015, dar care au fost ulterior migrate la BoringSSL.    <\/p>\n<p>Vulnerabilitatea este cauzat\u0103 de o eroare \u00een codul de verificare a certificatelor \u00een func\u021bia vfy_CreateContext din fi\u0219ierul secvfy.c. Eroarea apare at\u00e2t la citirea certificatului client de pe server, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een timpul proces\u0103rii <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"serverul\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3028\">serverul<\/a> certificatelor clien\u021bilor. \u00cen timpul proces\u0103rii semn\u0103turii digitale, codificat\u0103 prin metoda DER, NSS decodeaz\u0103 semn\u0103tura \u00eentr-un buffer de dimensiune fix\u0103 \u0219i transmite acest buffer modulului PKCS #11. \u00cen timpul proces\u0103rii ulterioare, pentru semn\u0103turile DSA \u0219i RSA-PSS, dimensiunea nu este verificat\u0103 corect, ceea ce duce la overflow-ul buffer-ului alocat pentru structura VFYContextStr, dac\u0103 dimensiunea semn\u0103turii digitale dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 16384 bi\u021bi (bufferul este alocat la 2048 octe\u021bi, dar nu este verificat c\u0103 semn\u0103tura poate fi mai mare).    <\/p>\n<p>Codul vulnerabil este urm\u0103rit din 2003, \u00eens\u0103 nu a reprezentat o amenin\u021bare p\u00e2n\u0103 la refactorizarea efectuat\u0103 \u00een 2012. \u00cen 2017, la implementarea suportului RSA-PSS, s-a comis aceea\u0219i gre\u0219eal\u0103. Pentru a desf\u0103\u0219ura un atac, nu este necesar\u0103 generarea costisitoare din punct de vedere al resurselor a unor chei specifice pentru a ob\u021bine datele necesare, deoarece dep\u0103\u0219irea are loc \u00eenainte de verificarea validit\u0103\u021bii semn\u0103turii digitale. Partea de date care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te limitele este scris\u0103 \u00een zona de memorie care con\u021bine pointeurii func\u021biilor, ceea ce simplific\u0103 crearea exploiturilor func\u021bionale.    <\/p>\n<p>Vulnerabilitatea a fost identificat\u0103 de cercet\u0103torii de la Google Project Zero \u00een timpul experimentelor cu noi metode de testare fuzzing \u0219i este o bun\u0103 demonstra\u021bie a modului \u00een care, \u00eentr-un proiect cunoscut \u0219i bine testat, pot r\u0103m\u00e2ne neobservate timp \u00eendelungat vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi triviale:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Codul NSS este \u00eenso\u021bit de o echip\u0103 de exper\u021bi responsabili pentru securitate, care aplic\u0103 metode moderne de testare \u0219i analiz\u0103 a erorilor. Exist\u0103 mai multe programe care ofer\u0103 recompense substan\u021biale pentru identificarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor \u00een NSS.\n<li class=\"l\">  NSS a fost unul dintre primele proiecte care s-au al\u0103turat ini\u021biativei Google oss-fuzz \u0219i a fost, de asemenea, testat \u00een sistemul de fuzzing-teste dezvoltat de Mozilla bazat pe libFuzzer.\n<li class=\"l\"> Codul bibliotecii a fost verificat de mai multe ori \u00een diferite analizoare statice, inclusiv de serviciul Coverity care monitorizeaz\u0103 din 2008.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2015, NSS a fost utilizat \u00een Google Chrome \u0219i, independent de Mozilla, a fost verificat de echipa Google (din 2015, Chrome a trecut la BoringSSL, dar suportul pentru portul bazat pe NSS este men\u021binut).    <\/ul>\n<p>Principalele probleme pentru care vulnerabilitatea a r\u0103mas neobservat\u0103 o perioad\u0103 lung\u0103 de timp:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Biblioteca modular NSS \u0219i testarea fuzzing au fost efectuate nu \u00een ansamblu, ci la nivelul componentelor individuale. De exemplu, a fost verificat separat codul de decodare DER \u0219i prelucrarea certificatelor \u2014 \u00een timpul fuzzing-ului, ar fi putut s\u0103 fie ob\u021binut un certificat care s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la manifestarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii discutate, dar verificarea acestuia nu ajungea la codul de validare \u0219i problema nu se descoperea.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen testarea fuzzing, s-au impus restric\u021bii stricte asupra dimensiunii ie\u0219irii (10.000 de octe\u021bi) \u00een absen\u021ba unor limit\u0103ri similare \u00een NSS (multe structuri \u00een mod normal puteau avea dimensiuni mai mari de 10.000 de octe\u021bi, a\u0219a c\u0103 pentru identificarea problemelor era necesar un volum mai mare de date de intrare). Pentru o verificare complet\u0103, limita ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fie de 224-1 octe\u021bi (16 MB), ceea ce corespunde dimensiunii maxime a certificatului admisibile \u00een TLS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Reprezentare gre\u0219it\u0103 a acoperirii codului prin testarea fuzzing. Codul vulnerabil a fost testat activ, dar folosind fuzzere care nu erau capabile s\u0103 genereze datele de intrare necesare. De exemplu, fuzzerul tls_server_target a utilizat un set predefinit de certificate gata f\u0103cute, ceea ce a limitat verificarea codului de validare a certificatului doar la mesajele TLS \u0219i la schimb\u0103rile de stare ale protocolului.    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56268\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a NSS (Network Security Services), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Mozilla, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2021-43527), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 DSA \u0438\u043b\u0438 RSA-PSS, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f BigSig, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 NSS 3.73 \u0438 NSS ESR 3.68.1. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 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\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 Mozilla NSS, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a NSS (Network Security Services), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Mozilla, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 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