{"id":102963,"date":"2022-01-14T15:36:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/%d1%8d%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%82-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%bc%d1%83%d0%bb%d1%8f%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%bc%d0%b5"},"modified":"2022-01-14T15:36:46","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:36:46","slug":"eksperiment-po-simulyaczii-polnorazme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/eksperiment-po-simulyaczii-polnorazme","title":{"rendered":"Experiment de simulare a unei re\u021bele Tor de dimensiuni complete","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cercet\u0103torii de la Universitatea Waterloo \u0219i Laboratorul de Cercetare al Marinei Statelor Unite au prezentat rezultatele dezvolt\u0103rii unui simulator pentru re\u021beaua Tor, comparabil cu num\u0103rul de noduri \u0219i utilizatori din re\u021beaua principal\u0103 Tor, care permite desf\u0103\u0219urarea de experimente apropiate de condi\u021biile reale. Instrumentele \u0219i metodologia de modelare a re\u021belei preg\u0103tite \u00een cadrul experimentului au permis simularea pe un computer cu 4 TB de RAM a func\u021bion\u0103rii unei re\u021bele formate din 6489 de noduri Tor, la care sunt conectate simultan 792 de mii de utilizatori virtuali.     <\/p>\n<p>Se observ\u0103 c\u0103 aceasta este prima simulare la scar\u0103 complet\u0103 a re\u021belei Tor, num\u0103rul de noduri fiind corespunz\u0103tor re\u021belei reale (re\u021beaua de lucru Tor cuprinde aproximativ 6000 de noduri \u0219i 2 milioane de utilizatori conecta\u021bi). O simulare complet\u0103 a re\u021belei Tor este deosebit de interesant\u0103 din perspectiva identific\u0103rii blocajelor, model\u0103rii comportamentului \u00een urma atacurilor, test\u0103rii de noi metode de optimizare \u00een condi\u021bii reale \u0219i verific\u0103rii conceptelor legate de asigurarea securit\u0103\u021bii.     <\/p>\n<p>Cu un simulator complet, dezvoltatorii Tor se pot abate de la practica desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii experimentelor \u00een re\u021beaua principal\u0103 sau pe noduri active, care creeaz\u0103 riscuri suplimentare pentru confiden\u021bialitatea utilizatorilor \u0219i nu exclud apari\u021bia defec\u021biunilor. De exemplu, \u00een urm\u0103toarele luni se a\u0219teapt\u0103 implementarea \u00een Tor a unui nou protocol de gestionare a suprasolicit\u0103rii, iar simularea va permite studierea aprofundat\u0103 a func\u021bion\u0103rii acestuia \u00eenainte de desf\u0103\u0219urarea sa \u00een re\u021beaua real\u0103.    <\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 eliminarea influen\u021bei experimentelor asupra confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i fiabilit\u0103\u021bii re\u021belei principale Tor, existen\u021ba unor re\u021bele de testare separate va oferi oportunitatea de a testa \u0219i de a ajusta rapid codul nou \u00een procesul de dezvoltare, de a implementa imediat modific\u0103rile pentru toate nodurile \u0219i utilizatorii f\u0103r\u0103 a a\u0219tepta finalizarea unor implement\u0103ri intermediare \u00eendelungate, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 se creeze \u0219i s\u0103 se testeze mai rapid prototipuri cu realizarea de noi idei.      <\/p>\n<p>Se lucreaz\u0103 la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea instrumentarului, care, conform dezvoltatorilor, va reduce consumul de resurse de 10 ori \u0219i va permite simularea func\u021bion\u0103rii unor re\u021bele superioare re\u021belei reale pe acela\u0219i echipament, ceea ce poate fi necesar pentru identificarea problemelor poten\u021biale legate de scalarea Tor. \u00cen timpul lucr\u0103rilor, au fost create \u0219i c\u00e2teva metode noi de modelare a re\u021belei, care permit prognozarea schimb\u0103rii st\u0103rii re\u021belei \u00een timp \u0219i utilizarea generatoarelor de trafic de fundal pentru a simula activitatea utilizatorilor.        <\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii au studiat, de asemenea, corela\u021bia \u00eentre dimensiunea re\u021belei simulate \u0219i credibilitatea proiec\u021biei rezultatelor experimentelor pe re\u021beaua real\u0103. \u00cen timpul dezvolt\u0103rii Tor, verificarea preliminar\u0103 a modific\u0103rilor \u0219i optimiz\u0103rilor aduse se face \u00een re\u021bele de testare mici, care con\u021bin semnificativ mai pu\u021bine noduri \u0219i utilizatori dec\u00e2t re\u021beaua real\u0103. S-a constatat c\u0103 erorile statistice ale prognozelor ob\u021binute \u00een urma simul\u0103rilor mici pot fi compensate prin repetarea multipl\u0103 a experimentelor independente cu seturi de date diferite, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103, cu c\u00e2t re\u021beaua simulat\u0103 este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t sunt necesare mai pu\u021bine teste repetate pentru a ob\u021bine concluzii statistic semnificative.    <\/p>\n<p>Pentru modelarea \u0219i simularea re\u021belei Tor, cercet\u0103torii dezvolt\u0103 mai multe proiecte open-source, distribuite sub licen\u021ba BSD:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shadow \u2014 un simulator universal de re\u021bea, care permite rularea codului aplica\u021biilor de re\u021bea reale pentru a recrea func\u021bionarea sistemelor distribuite cu mii de procese de re\u021bea. Pentru simularea sistemelor bazate pe aplica\u021bii reale, nemodificate, \u00een Shadow se folose\u0219te tehnica de emulare a apelurilor de sistem. Interac\u021biunea de re\u021bea a aplica\u021biilor \u00een mediul simulat se realizeaz\u0103 prin desf\u0103\u0219urarea <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"196\">VPN<\/a> \u0219i utilizarea simulatoarelor de protocoale de re\u021bea tipice (TCP, UDP). Este suportat modelarea personalizabil\u0103 a caracteristicilor re\u021belei virtuale, cum ar fi pierderea pachetelor \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2rzierile \u00een livrare. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 experimentele cu Tor, a fost efectuat\u0103 o \u00eencercare de a dezvolta un plugin pentru Shadow pentru simularea re\u021belei Bitcoin, dar acest proiect nu a evoluat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tornettools \u2014 un instrument pentru generarea de modele realiste ale re\u021belei Tor, care pot fi rulate \u00een mediul Shadow, precum \u0219i pentru ini\u021bierea \u0219i configurarea procesului de simulare, acumularea \u0219i vizualizarea rezultatelor. Ca \u0219abloane pentru generarea re\u021belei pot fi utilizate metrici care reflect\u0103 func\u021bionarea re\u021belei reale Tor.\n<li class=\"l\"> TGen \u2014 un generator de fluxuri de trafic bazat pe parametrii specifica\u021bi de utilizator (dimensiune, \u00eent\u00e2rzieri, num\u0103r de fluxuri etc.). Schemele de formare a traficului pot fi definite at\u00e2t pe baza unor scenarii speciale \u00een format GraphML, c\u00e2t \u0219i prin modele probabilistice Markov pentru distribu\u021bia fluxurilor TCP \u0219i a pachetelor.\n<li class=\"l\"> OnionTrace \u2014 un instrument pentru monitorizarea performan\u021bei \u0219i a evenimentelor \u00een re\u021beaua simulat Tor, precum \u0219i pentru \u00eenregistrarea \u0219i redarea informa\u021biilor despre formarea lan\u021burilor de noduri Tor \u0219i legarea acestora de fluxurile de trafic.              <\/ul>\n<p>              <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"CyCXtOmT9Cw\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/CyCXtOmT9Cw\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56507\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Tor, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e Tor \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441 4 \u0422\u0411 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 6489 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 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