{"id":103194,"date":"2022-02-05T15:36:52","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T13:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij"},"modified":"2022-02-05T15:36:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-05T13:36:55","slug":"reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea sistemului de operare Qubes 4.1, care folose\u0219te virtualizarea pentru izolarea aplica\u021biilor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 aproape patru ani de dezvoltare, a fost lansat\u0103 versiunea 4.1 a sistemului de operare Qubes, care realizeaz\u0103 ideea utiliz\u0103rii hipervizorului pentru izolarea strict\u0103 a aplica\u021biilor \u0219i componentelor sistemului de operare (fiecare clas\u0103 de aplica\u021bii \u0219i servicii de sistem ruleaz\u0103 \u00een ma\u0219ini virtuale separate). Este necesar un sistem cu 6 GB RAM \u0219i un CPU pe 64 de bi\u021bi Intel sau AMD cu suport pentru tehnologiile VT-x cu EPT\/AMD-v cu RVI \u0219i VT-d\/AMD IOMMU, iar o GPU Intel este recomandat\u0103 (GPU-urile NVIDIA \u0219i AMD nu au fost testate suficient de bine). Dimensiunea imaginii de instalare este de 6 GB.        <\/p>\n<p>Aplica\u021biile din Qubes sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een clase \u00een func\u021bie de importan\u021ba datelor procesate \u0219i a sarcinilor desf\u0103\u0219urate. Fiecare clas\u0103 de aplica\u021bii (de exemplu, munc\u0103, divertisment, opera\u021biuni bancare), precum \u0219i serviciile de sistem (subsystema de re\u021bea, firewall, gestionarea stoc\u0103rii, stack USB etc.), func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een ma\u0219ini virtuale separate, lansate utiliz\u00e2nd hipervizorul Xen. Aceste aplica\u021bii sunt disponibile \u00een cadrul acelea\u0219i sesiuni de lucru \u0219i sunt eviden\u021biate printr-o ram\u0103 de culoare diferit\u0103. Fiecare mediu are acces read-only la sistemul de fi\u0219iere r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 de baz\u0103 \u0219i la stocarea local\u0103, care nu se suprapune cu stoc\u0103rile altor medii; pentru a organiza interac\u021biunea aplica\u021biilor se folose\u0219te un serviciu special.   <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lansarea sistemului de operare Qubes 4.1, care folose\u0219te virtualizarea pentru izolarea aplica\u021biilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/14cb7933489192c6d652e485c441b1ad.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>  <\/p>\n<p>Ca baz\u0103 pentru formarea mediilor virtuale poate fi utilizat\u0103 baza de pachete Fedora \u0219i Debian, de asemenea, comunitatea suport\u0103 \u0219abloane pentru Ubuntu, Gentoo \u0219i Arch Linux. Este posibil\u0103 organizarea accesului la aplica\u021biile dintr-o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 cu Windows, precum \u0219i crearea <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2089\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a> pe baza Whonix pentru a asigura un acces anonim prin Tor. Interfa\u021ba utilizatorului este construit\u0103 pe baza Xfce. C\u00e2nd utilizatorul porne\u0219te o aplica\u021bie din meniu, aceast\u0103 aplica\u021bie se porne\u0219te \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103. Con\u021binutul mediilor virtuale este determinat de un set de \u0219abloane.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lansarea sistemului de operare Qubes 4.1, care folose\u0219te virtualizarea pentru izolarea aplica\u021biilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/d1d2d570180a1c29653bad0e795d226c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lansarea sistemului de operare Qubes 4.1, care folose\u0219te virtualizarea pentru izolarea aplica\u021biilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/7512630ac4acb9d7f249d4cedb82b748.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri principale:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a utiliza un mediu GUI Domain separat cu componente pentru asigurarea func\u021bion\u0103rii interfe\u021bei grafice. Anterior, \u00een medii virtuale pentru fiecare clas\u0103 de aplica\u021bii se lansa un server X separat, un manager de feronerie simplificat \u0219i un driver video stub, care transmina ie\u0219irea \u00een mediu de control \u00eentr-un mod compus, \u00eens\u0103 componentele stivei grafice, managerul de feronerie al desktop-ului principal, instrumentele de gestionare a ecranului \u0219i driverele grafice erau executate \u00een principalul mediu de control Dom0. Acum func\u021biile legate de grafic\u0103 pot fi externalizate din Dom0 \u00eentr-un mediu separat de GUI Domain \u0219i separate de componentele de control al sistemului. \u00cen Dom0 a r\u0103mas doar un proces de fundal special pentru a oferi acces la anumite pagini de memorie. Suportul pentru GUI Domain este deocamdat\u0103 experimental \u0219i nu este activat din start.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport experimental pentru Audio Domain, un mediu separat pentru execu\u021bia sunetului <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3791\">server<\/a>, permi\u021b\u00e2nd extragerea componentelor pentru prelucrarea sunetului din Dom0.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat procesul de fundal qrexec-policy \u0219i un nou sistem de reguli pentru mecanismul RPC Qrexec, care permite executarea comenzilor \u00een contextul unor medii virtuale specifice. Sistemul de reguli Qrexec define\u0219te cine, ce \u0219i unde poate face \u00een Qubes. Noua variant\u0103 a regulilor se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-un format mai flexibil, o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 a performan\u021bei \u0219i un sistem de notific\u0103ri care faciliteaz\u0103 diagnosticarea problemelor. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a executa serviciile Qrexec sub form\u0103 de server, disponibil printr-un socket (server socket).\n<li class=\"l\"> Sunt propuse trei modele noi de medii virtuale bazate pe Gentoo Linux - minim, cu Xfce \u0219i cu GNOME.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost realizat\u0103 o nou\u0103 infrastructur\u0103 pentru suportul, compilarea automatizat\u0103 \u0219i testarea \u0219abloanelor suplimentare ale mediilor virtuale. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Gentoo, infrastructura ofer\u0103 suport pentru \u0219abloane din Arch Linux \u0219i testarea nucleului Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemul de construc\u021bie \u0219i testare a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit, fiind ad\u0103ugat suport pentru verificarea \u00een sistemul de integrare continu\u0103 bazat pe GitLab CI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost efectuate lucr\u0103ri pentru implementarea suportului pentru construc\u021bii repetabile ale mediilor bazate pe Debian, care pot fi utilizate pentru a confirma c\u0103 componentele Qubes sunt construite exact din codurile surs\u0103 specificate \u0219i nu con\u021bin modific\u0103ri neautorizate, a c\u0103ror introducere, de exemplu, poate fi realizat\u0103 printr-un atac asupra infrastructurii de construc\u021bie sau printr-o bre\u0219\u0103 \u00een compilator.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementarea firewall-ului a fost rescris\u0103.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lansarea sistemului de operare Qubes 4.1, care folose\u0219te virtualizarea pentru izolarea aplica\u021biilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/8c08509ca530f20cad5d8eb846850d86.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\">  Mediile sys-firewall \u0219i sys-usb sunt acum activate implicit \u00een modul \u201edisposable\u201d, adic\u0103 sunt unice \u0219i pot fi create la cerere.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit suportul pentru monitoarele cu densitate mare de pixeli.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru diferite forme de cursor.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat\u0103 o notificare pentru spa\u021biul liber insuficient pe disc.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru un mod paranoid de restaurare a copiilor de rezerv\u0103, \u00een care se folose\u0219te un mediu virtual de unic\u0103 folosin\u021b\u0103 pentru restaurare.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen installer a fost oferit\u0103 op\u021biunea de a alege \u00eentre Debian \u0219i Fedora pentru \u0219abloanele ma\u0219inilor virtuale.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat o nou\u0103 interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103 pentru gestionarea actualiz\u0103rilor.  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lansarea sistemului de operare Qubes 4.1, care folose\u0219te virtualizarea pentru izolarea aplica\u021biilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3a6c39d150b0c18eef06f377e25ca95f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 utilitarul Template Manager pentru instalarea, eliminarea \u0219i actualizarea \u0219abloanelor.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mecanismul de distribuire a \u0219abloanelor a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mediul de baz\u0103 Dom0 a fost actualizat la baza de pachete Fedora 32. \u0218abloanele pentru formarea mediilor virtuale au fost actualizate la Fedora 34, Debian 11 \u0219i Whonix 16. Implicit, este propus nucleul Linux 5.10. Hypervisorul Xen 4.14 \u0219i mediul grafic Xfce 4.14 au fost actualizate.    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56641\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Qubes 4.1, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0421 (\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 6 \u0413\u0431 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0438 64-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c CPU Intel \u0438\u043b\u0438 AMD \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 VT-x c EPT\/AMD-v c RVI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":103195,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 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