{"id":103453,"date":"2022-03-01T21:36:39","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T19:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-linux-distributiva-hyperbola-0-4-nachavshego-migracziyu-na-tehnologii-openbsd"},"modified":"2022-03-01T21:36:39","modified_gmt":"2022-03-01T19:36:39","slug":"vypusk-linux-distributiva-hyperbola-0-4-nachavshego-migracziyu-na-tehnologii-openbsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-linux-distributiva-hyperbola-0-4-nachavshego-migracziyu-na-tehnologii-openbsd","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea distribu\u021biei Linux Hyperbola 0.4, care a \u00eenceput migrarea pe tehnologiile OpenBSD.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 dou\u0103 ani \u0219i jum\u0103tate de la ultima lansare, a fost realizat release-ul proiectului Hyperbola GNU\/Linux-libre 0.4, care face parte din lista de distribu\u021bii complet libere sus\u021binut\u0103 de Funda\u021bia Software-ului Liber. Hyperbola se bazeaz\u0103 pe versiuni stabilizate ale bazei de pachete Arch Linux, cu transferul din Debian a unora dintre patch-uri pentru cre\u0219terea stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i securit\u0103\u021bii. Versiunile Hyperbola sunt disponibile pentru arhitecturile i686 \u0219i x86_64 (1.1 GB).    <\/p>\n<p>Proiectul se dezvolt\u0103 conform principiului KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 ofere utilizatorilor un mediu simplu, u\u0219or, stabil \u0219i sigur. Spre deosebire de modelul rolling de actualiz\u0103ri al Arch Linux, Hyperbola folose\u0219te modelul clasic de lansare, cu un ciclu lung de eliberare a actualiz\u0103rilor pentru versiunile deja lansate. Ca sistem de ini\u021bializare, se utilizeaz\u0103 sysvinit, cu portarea unor dezvolt\u0103ri din proiectele Devuan \u0219i Parabola (dezvoltatorii Hyperbola sunt \u00eempotriva systemd).     <\/p>\n<p>Distribu\u021bia include doar aplica\u021bii libere \u0219i vine cu un nucleu Linux-Libre, cur\u0103\u021bat de elementele neelibere ale firmware-ului binar. Repositorul proiectului con\u021bine 5257 pachete. Pentru a bloca instalarea pachetelor neeliberate se utilizeaz\u0103 o list\u0103 neagr\u0103 \u0219i blocarea la nivel de conflicte de dependen\u021be. Instalarea pachetelor din AUR nu este suportat\u0103.    <\/p>\n<p>Lansarea Hyperbola 0.4 este pozi\u021bionat\u0103 ca o etap\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie c\u0103tre migrarea anun\u021bat\u0103 anterior pe tehnologiile OpenBSD. \u00cen continuare, aten\u021bia principal\u0103 va fi acordat\u0103 proiectului HyperbolaBSD, care preconizeaz\u0103 crearea unei distribu\u021bii oferite sub licen\u021ba copyleft, dar bazat\u0103 pe un nucleu alternativ \u0219i un mediu de sistem, ramificate din OpenBSD. Sub licen\u021bele GPLv3 \u0219i LGPLv3, proiectul HyperbolaBSD va dezvolta componente proprii, destinate s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bile neeliberate sau incompatibile cu GPL din sistem.    <\/p>\n<p>Schimb\u0103rile principale din versiunea 0.4 sunt legate de cur\u0103\u021barea componentelor de care se poate dispensa \u0219i includerea \u00een pachet a unor alternative. De exemplu, a fost ad\u0103ugat desktop-ul Lumina, care poate func\u021biona f\u0103r\u0103 D-Bus, iar suportul pentru D-Bus a fost eliminat. De asemenea, a fost eliminat suportul pentru Bluetooth, PAM, elogind, PolicyKit, ConsoleKit, PulseAudio \u0219i Avahi. Componentele pentru Bluetooth au fost eliminate din cauza complexit\u0103\u021bii mari \u0219i a poten\u021bialelor probleme de securitate.     <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de sysvinit, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport experimental pentru sistemul de ini\u021bializare runit. Stiva grafic\u0103 a fost adaptat\u0103 la componentele Xenocara, care sunt dezvoltate \u00een OpenBSD (X.Org 7.7 cu x-server 1.20.13 + patch-uri). \u00cen loc de OpenSSL, este folosit\u0103 biblioteca LibreSSL. S-au eliminat systemd, Rust \u0219i Node.js \u0219i dependen\u021bele asociate.        <\/p>\n<p>Probleme cu Linux care au \u00eempins dezvoltatorii Hyperbola s\u0103 treac\u0103 la tehnologiile OpenBSD:     <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrarea \u00een nucleul Linux a unor mecanisme tehnice de protec\u021bie a drepturilor de autor (DRM), de exemplu, suportul pentru tehnologia de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva copiei con\u021binutului audio \u0219i video HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) a fost inclus \u00een nucleu.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\" id=\"rust\"> Dezvoltarea ini\u021biativei de a crea drivere pentru nucleul Linux \u00een limbajul Rust. Dezvoltatorii Hyperbola sunt nemul\u021bumi\u021bi de utilizarea unui depozit centralizat Cargo \u0219i de problemele legate de libertatea de distribuire a pachetelor Rust. \u00cen special, condi\u021biile de utilizare a m\u0103rcilor comerciale Rust \u0219i Cargo interzic p\u0103strarea numelui proiectului \u00een cazul modific\u0103rilor sau aplic\u0103rii patch-urilor (pachetul poate fi distribuit sub numele Rust \u0219i Cargo doar dac\u0103 este compilat din sursele originale, altfel se face necesar\u0103 ob\u021binerea unei permisiuni scrise prealabile din partea echipei Rust Core sau schimbarea numelui).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dezvoltarea nucleului Linux f\u0103r\u0103 a lua \u00een considerare securitatea (Grsecurity nu mai este un proiect liber, iar ini\u021biativa KSPP (Kernel Self Protection Project) este \u00een stagnare).    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Multe componente ale mediului utilizator GNU \u0219i utilitarele sistemului \u00eencep s\u0103 impun\u0103 utilizarea de func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi excesive f\u0103r\u0103 a oferi op\u021biuni de dezactivare \u00een timpul compil\u0103rii. Ca exemplu, se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 dependen\u021bele obligatorii de PulseAudio \u00een gnome-control-center, SystemD \u00een GNOME, Rust \u00een Firefox \u0219i Java \u00een gettext.      <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56781\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Hyperbola GNU\/Linux-libre 0.4, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0421\u041f\u041e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432. Hyperbola \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b Arch Linux \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 Debian \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 Hyperbola \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 i686 \u0438 x86_64 (1.1 \u0413\u0411). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Hyperbola GNU\/Linux-libre 0.4, 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