Steve McIntyre, who held the position of Debian project leader for several years, has proposed rethinking Debian's approach to the delivery of proprietary firmware, which is currently not included in the official installation images and is supplied in a separate non-free repository. In Steve's opinion, the pursuit of the ideal of providing only open-source software leads to unnecessary difficulties for users, who often have to install proprietary firmware if they wish to ensure their hardware functions properly. <\/p>\n
Proprietary firmware is placed in a separate non-free repository, alongside other packages distributed under non-free and open licenses. The non-free repository is not officially part of the Debian project, and packages from it cannot be included in installation and live builds. As a result, installation images containing proprietary firmware are built separately and categorized as unofficial, even though their development and maintenance is formally handled by the Debian project. <\/p>\n
Thus, a certain status quo has been reached within the community, combining the desire to provide only open-source software in the distribution and the users' need for firmware. There is also a small set of free firmware included in the official builds and the main repository, but such firmware is very scarce and often insufficient in most cases. <\/p>\n
The approach adopted in Debian creates many problems, including inconvenience for users and resource expenditure on building, testing, and distributing unofficial builds with closed firmware. The project presents official images as the main recommended builds, but this only confuses users, as they encounter hardware support issues during installation. The use of unofficial builds inadvertently promotes non-free software, as users receive the non-free repository alongside firmware, while if firmware were offered separately, the inclusion of the non-free repository could be avoided. <\/p>\n
\u00cen ultima vreme, produc\u0103torii apeleaz\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai des la utilizarea firmware-urilor externe, \u00eenc\u0103rcate de sistemul de operare, \u00een loc s\u0103 furnizeze firmware-uri \u00een memoria permanent\u0103 a dispozitivelor. Aceste firmware-uri externe sunt necesare pentru multe adaptoare moderne de grafic\u0103, sunet \u0219i re\u021bea. Totu\u0219i, \u00eentrebarea r\u0103m\u00e2ne ambigu\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te corelarea firmware-urilor cu cerin\u021ba de a furniza doar software liber, deoarece, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, firmware-urile sunt executate pe dispozitive hardware, nu \u00een sistem, \u0219i se refer\u0103 la echipament. Cu aceea\u0219i u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103, pe computerele moderne echipate chiar \u0219i cu distribu\u021bii complet libere, ruleaz\u0103 firmware-uri integrate \u00een hardware. Diferen\u021ba const\u0103 doar \u00een faptul c\u0103 unele firmware-uri sunt \u00eenc\u0103rcate de sistemul de operare, iar altele sunt deja scrise \u00een ROM sau memorie flash. <\/p>\n
Steve a adus \u00een discu\u021bie cinci op\u021biuni principale pentru livrarea firmware-urilor \u00een Debian, care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie supuse la vot deschis de c\u0103tre dezvoltatori: <\/p>\n
S\u0103 p\u0103str\u0103m totul a\u0219a cum este, livr\u00e2nd firmware-uri \u00eenchise doar \u00een anumite pachete neoficiale.\n
S\u0103 \u00eencet\u0103m furnizarea pachetelor neoficiale cu firmware-uri netrecute prin liber \u0219i s\u0103 aducem distribu\u021bia \u00een conformitate cu ideologia proiectului de a livra doar software liber.\n
S\u0103 transform\u0103m pachetele neoficiale cu firmware-uri \u00een oficiale \u0219i s\u0103 le livr\u0103m simultan \u0219i \u00eentr-un singur loc cu pachetele care includ doar software liber, ceea ce va simplifica c\u0103utarea firmware-ului dorit de utilizator.\n
S\u0103 includem firmware-urile proprietare \u00een pachetele oficiale standard \u0219i s\u0103 renun\u021b\u0103m la livrarea pachetelor neoficiale separate. O dezavantaj a acestei abord\u0103ri este includerea repository-ului non-free \u00een mod implicit.\n
S\u0103 separ\u0103m firmware-urile proprietare din repository-urile non-free \u00eentr-un component separat non-free-firmware \u0219i s\u0103-l livr\u0103m \u00eentr-un alt repository, care nu necesit\u0103 activarea repository-ului non-free. S\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m \u00een regulile proiectului o excep\u021bie care s\u0103 permit\u0103 includerea componentului non-free-firmware \u00een pachetele de instalare standard. Astfel, va exista posibilitatea de a renun\u021ba la formarea unor pachete neoficiale separate, de a include firmware-urile \u00een pachetele standard \u0219i de a nu activa repository-ul non-free pentru utilizatori.\n
Steve propune adoptarea celui de-al cincilea punct, care va permite proiectului s\u0103 nu se abat\u0103 prea mult de la promovarea software-ului liber, dar, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, s\u0103 fac\u0103 produsul mai confortabil \u0219i util pentru utilizatori. \u00cen installer, se sugereaz\u0103 o separare clar\u0103 \u00eentre firmware-urile libere \u0219i cele proprietare, oferind utilizatorului ocazia de a face o alegere con\u0219tient\u0103 \u0219i inform\u00e2ndu-l despre faptul c\u0103 firmware-urile libere disponibile sus\u021bin echipamentul curent \u0219i dac\u0103 exist\u0103 proiecte pentru crearea de firmware-uri libere pentru dispozitivele existente. \u00cen etapa de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, se planific\u0103, de asemenea, ad\u0103ugarea unei set\u0103ri pentru dezactivarea pachetului cu firmware-uri proprietare. \n Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"