{"id":103995,"date":"2022-05-10T15:36:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T13:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kompaniya-microsoft-opublikovala-linux-distributiv-cbl-mariner-2-0"},"modified":"2022-05-10T15:36:38","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T13:36:38","slug":"kompaniya-microsoft-opublikovala-linux-distributiv-cbl-mariner-2-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/kompaniya-microsoft-opublikovala-linux-distributiv-cbl-mariner-2-0","title":{"rendered":"Compania Microsoft a publicat distribu\u021bia Linux CBL-Mariner 2.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Compania Microsoft a publicat prima actualizare stabil\u0103 a noului s\u0103u ramuri de distribu\u021bie CBL-Mariner 2.0 (Common Base Linux Mariner), care se dezvolt\u0103 ca o platform\u0103 de baz\u0103 universal\u0103 pentru medii Linux utilizate \u00een infrastructuri de cloud, sisteme edge \u0219i diferite servicii Microsoft. Proiectul vizeaz\u0103 unificarea solu\u021biilor Linux folosite \u00een Microsoft \u0219i simplificarea men\u021binerii sistemelor Linux de diferite tipuri la zi. Contribu\u021biile proiectului sunt distribuite sub licen\u021ba MIT. Pachetele sunt construite pentru arhitecturile aarch64 \u0219i x86_64. <\/p>\n

Noua versiune este remarcabil\u0103 datorit\u0103 unei actualiz\u0103ri semnificative a versiunilor software. Printre acestea, au fost actualizate versiunile nucleului Linux 5.15 (\u00een ramura 1.0 a fost folosit nucleul 5.4), systemd 250, glibc 2.35, GCC 11.2, clang 12, Python 3.9, ruby 3.1.2, rpm 4.17, qemu 6.1, perl 5.34, ostree 2022.1. Repositorul de baz\u0103 include componente pentru construc\u021bia interfe\u021bei grafice, cum ar fi Wayland 1.20, Mesa 21.0, GTK 3.24 \u0219i X.Org Server 1.20.10, care anterior erau livrate \u00eentr-un repository separat coreui. Au fost ad\u0103ugate construiri ale nucleului cu patch-uri PREEMPT_RT pentru utilizare \u00een sisteme care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een timp real. <\/p>\n

Distribu\u021bia CBL-Mariner ofer\u0103 un set standard mic de pachete de baz\u0103, care serve\u0219te ca fundament universal pentru crearea de con\u021binut pentru containere, medii gazd\u0103 \u0219i servicii care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een infrastructuri cloud \u0219i pe dispozitive edge. Solu\u021biile mai complexe \u0219i specializate pot fi create prin ad\u0103ugarea de pachete suplimentare peste CBL-Mariner, dar baza tuturor acestor sisteme r\u0103m\u00e2ne neschimbat\u0103, ceea ce simplific\u0103 \u00eentre\u021binerea \u0219i preg\u0103tirea actualiz\u0103rilor. De exemplu, CBL-Mariner este utilizat ca baz\u0103 pentru mini-distribu\u021bia WSLg, care ofer\u0103 componente ale stivei grafice pentru a organiza rularea aplica\u021biilor GUI Linux \u00een medii bazate pe subsistemul WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux). Func\u021bionalitatea extins\u0103 \u00een WSLg este realizat\u0103 prin includerea de pachete suplimentare cu compozit. serverul<\/a> Weston, XWayland, PulseAudio \u0219i FreeRDP. <\/p>\n

Sistemul de compilare CBL-Mariner permite generarea at\u00e2t a pachetelor RPM individuale pe baza fi\u0219ierelor SPEC \u0219i a codului surs\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i a imaginilor de sistem monolitice, create cu ajutorul instrumentului rpm-ostree \u0219i actualizate atomic f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea \u00een pachete separate. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, sunt sus\u021binute dou\u0103 modele de livrare a actualiz\u0103rilor: fie prin actualizarea pachetelor individuale, fie prin reconstruirea \u0219i actualizarea \u00eentregii imagini de sistem. Este disponibil un repository care include aproximativ 3000 de pachete RPM deja compilate, care pot fi utilizate pentru a compune propriile imagini pe baza fi\u0219ierului de configurare. <\/p>\n

Distribu\u021bia include doar cele mai necesare componente \u0219i este optimizat\u0103 pentru minimizarea consumului de memorie \u0219i spa\u021biu pe disc, precum \u0219i pentru viteze de \u00eenc\u0103rcare ridicate. De asemenea, distribu\u021bia se remarc\u0103 prin includerea diferitelor mecanisme suplimentare pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea securit\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen proiect este aplicat\u0103 abordarea \u201emaxim\u0103 securitate implicit\u0103\u201d. Se ofer\u0103 posibilitatea filtr\u0103rii apelurilor de sistem prin intermediul mecanismului seccomp, criptarea parti\u021biilor de disc, verificarea pachetelor prin semn\u0103tur\u0103 digital\u0103. <\/p>\n

Sunt activate modurile de randomizare a spa\u021biului de adrese suportate \u00een nucleul Linux, precum \u0219i mecanismele de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva atacurilor legate de link-uri simbolice, mmap, \/dev\/mem \u0219i \/dev\/kmem. Pentru regiunile de memorie care con\u021bin segmente cu datele nucleului \u0219i modulelor, este stabilit un mod de doar citire \u0219i este interzis\u0103 executarea codului. Op\u021bional, este disponibil\u0103 op\u021biunea de a interzice \u00eenc\u0103rcarea modulelor nucleului dup\u0103 ini\u021bializarea sistemului. Pentru filtrarea pachetelor de re\u021bea este utilizat instrumentul iptables. \u00cen procesul de compilare, modurile de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva scurgerilor de stiv\u0103, suprascrierilor de bufere \u0219i problemelor de formatare a \u0219irurilor (_FORTIFY_SOURCE, -fstack-protector, -Wformat-security, relro) sunt activate implicit. <\/p>\n

Pentru gestionarea serviciilor \u0219i a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii se utilizeaz\u0103 managerul de sistem systemd. Pentru gestionarea pachetelor sunt furnizate manageri de pachete RPM \u0219i DNF. Serverul SSH nu este activat implicit. Pentru instalarea distribu\u021biei este disponibil un instalator, care poate func\u021biona at\u00e2t \u00een modul text, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een modul grafic. Instalatorul ofer\u0103 op\u021biunea de instalare cu un set complet sau de baz\u0103 de pachete, oferind o interfa\u021b\u0103 pentru alegerea parti\u021biei de disc, alegerea numelui gazd\u0103 \u0219i crearea utilizatorilor.
\n
Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 CBL-Mariner 2.0 (Common Base Linux Mariner), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, edge-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 Microsoft. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Microsoft Linux-\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Compania Microsoft a publicat distribu\u021bia Linux CBL-Mariner 2.0 | 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\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 CBL-Mariner 2.0 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 CBL-Mariner 2.0 (Common Base Linux Mariner), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 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