{"id":104459,"date":"2022-06-21T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T13:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah"},"modified":"2022-06-21T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T13:36:42","slug":"facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","title":{"rendered":"Facebook a prezentat mecanismul TMO, care permite economisirea a 20-32% din memoria serverelor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Inginerii de la Facebook (interzis \u00een RF) au publicat un raport despre implementarea tehnologiei TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading) anul trecut, care permite economisirea semnificativ\u0103 a memoriei opera\u021bionale pe servere prin mutarea datelor secundare care nu sunt necesare pentru execu\u021bie pe stoc\u0103ri mai ieftine, cum ar fi SSD-urile NVMe. Conform estim\u0103rilor Facebook, utilizarea TMO permite economisirea a \u00eentre 20 \u0219i 32% RAM pe fiecare server. Solu\u021bia este destinat\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii \u00een infrastructuri \u00een care aplica\u021biile sunt lansate \u00een containere izolate. Componentele TMO, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe partea nucleului, sunt deja incluse \u00een nucleul Linux. <\/p>\n

Pe partea nucleului Linux, func\u021bionarea tehnologiei este asigurat\u0103 de subsistemul PSI (Pressure Stall Information), disponibil \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu versiunea 4.20. PSI este deja utilizat \u00een diferite gestion\u0103ri ale lipsei de memorie \u0219i permite analiza informa\u021biilor despre timpul de a\u0219teptare pentru ob\u021binerea diferitelor resurse (CPU, memorie, intrare\/ie\u0219ire). Prin intermediul PSI, gestionarii din spa\u021biul utilizatorului pot evalua mai precis nivelul de utilizare a sistemului \u0219i natura \u00eencetinirilor, ceea ce permite identificarea devierilor \u00een stadiile incipiente, c\u00e2nd acestea \u00eenc\u0103 nu afecteaz\u0103 semnificativ performan\u021ba. <\/p>\n

\u00cen spa\u021biul utilizatorului, func\u021bionarea TMO este asigurat\u0103 de componenta Senpai, care, prin cgroup2, corecteaz\u0103 dinamic limita de memorie pentru containerele aplica\u021biilor \u00een func\u021bie de datele ob\u021binute din PSI. Senpai analizeaz\u0103 semnele de \u00eenceput ale lipsei de resurse prin PSI, evalueaz\u0103 sensibilitatea aplica\u021biilor la \u00eencetinirile accesului la memorie \u0219i \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 determine dimensiunea minim necesar\u0103 pentru container, la care datele necesare func\u021bion\u0103rii r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een RAM, iar datele asociate, aflate \u00een cache-ul de fi\u0219iere sau care nu sunt utilizate direct \u00een acel moment, sunt mutate \u00een zona de schimb.

\"Facebook<\/center> <\/p>\n

Astfel, esen\u021ba TMO este de a men\u021bine procesele \u00eentr-o diet\u0103 strict\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te consumul de memorie, for\u021b\u00e2nd transferul paginilor de memorie neutilizate \u00een zona de swap, a c\u0103ror \u00eenl\u0103turare nu afecteaz\u0103 semnificativ performan\u021ba (de exemplu, paginile cu cod utilizat doar la ini\u021bializare \u0219i datele utilizate o singur\u0103 dat\u0103 \u00een cache-ul de pe disc). Spre deosebire de eliminarea informa\u021biilor \u00een zona de swap ca r\u0103spuns la lipsa de memorie, \u00een TMO datele sunt eliminate pe baza unei prognoze anticipate. <\/p>\n

Ca unul dintre criteriile pentru eliminare se folose\u0219te absen\u021ba accesului la pagina de memorie timp de 5 minute. Aceste pagini sunt numite pagini de memorie rece (cold memory page) \u0219i constituie \u00een medie aproximativ 35% din memoria aplica\u021biilor (\u00een func\u021bie de tipul aplica\u021biilor, se observ\u0103 o varia\u021bie \u00eentre 19% \u0219i 65%). La eliminare se ia \u00een considerare activitatea asociat\u0103 cu paginile de memorie anonime (memoria alocat\u0103 de aplica\u021bie) \u0219i memoria utilizat\u0103 pentru cache-ul fi\u0219ierelor (alocat\u0103 de kernel). \u00cen unele aplica\u021bii, consumul principal este asociat cu memoria anonim\u0103, dar \u00een altele, cache-ul de fi\u0219iere are o mare importan\u021b\u0103. Pentru a evita un dezechilibru \u00een eliminarea memoriei \u00een cache, TMO aplic\u0103 un nou algoritm de swap, care elimin\u0103 paginile anonime \u0219i paginile asociate cu cache-ul de fi\u0219iere propor\u021bional. <\/p>\n

Eliminarea paginilor rareori utilizate \u00een memorie mai lent\u0103 nu afecteaz\u0103 semnificativ performan\u021ba, dar permite reducerea considerabil\u0103 a costurilor de echipament. Datele sunt eliminate pe SSD-uri sau \u00een zona comprimat\u0103 de swap din memoria RAM. Din punct de vedere al costului de stocare a unui byte de date, utilizarea NVMe SSD este de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 ori mai ieftin\u0103 dec\u00e2t utilizarea compresiei \u00een memoria RAM.

\"Facebook<\/center>
\n
Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Facebook (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0424) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0451\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a NVMe SSD-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 Facebook, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 TMO \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 20 \u0434\u043e 32% […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":104460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Facebook a prezentat mecanismul TMO, care permite economisirea a 20-32% din memorie pe servere | ProHoster","description":"Inginerii de la Facebook (interzis \u00een RF) au publicat un raport despre implementarea anul trecut a tehnologiei TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading), care permite economisirea semnificativ\u0103 a memoriei RAM pe 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\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Facebook (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0424) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2022-06-21T13:36:42+00:00","article:modified_time":"2022-06-21T13:36:42+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"104459","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2022-06-21 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