Organiza\u021bia de ap\u0103rare a drepturilor Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), care ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie legal\u0103 proiectelor libere \u0219i promoveaz\u0103 respectarea licen\u021bei GPL, a anun\u021bat \u00eencetarea oric\u0103rei utiliz\u0103ri a platformei pentru dezvoltarea colaborativ\u0103 a codului GitHub \u0219i a \u00eendemnat dezvoltatorii altor proiecte deschise s\u0103 urmeze exemplul s\u0103u. Organiza\u021bia a lansat, de asemenea, o ini\u021biativ\u0103 destinat\u0103 s\u0103 simplifice migrarea proiectelor de pe GitHub c\u0103tre alternative mai deschise, cum ar fi CodeBerg (bazat pe Gitea) \u0219i SourceHut, sau implementarea propriilor servicii de dezvoltare pe serverele lor, bazate pe platforme deschise, cum ar fi Gitea sau GitLab Community Edition. <\/p>\n
Ini\u021biativa a fost impulsionat\u0103 de SFC datorit\u0103 refuzului GitHub \u0219i Microsoft de a aborda aspectele etice \u0219i legale legate de utilizarea codului surs\u0103 al software-ului liber ca baz\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea unui model de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 \u00een serviciul comercial GitHub Copilot. Reprezentan\u021bii SFC au \u00eencercat s\u0103 clarifice dac\u0103 modelul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 creat este un obiect al drepturilor de autor \u0219i, dac\u0103 da, cui \u00eei apar\u021bin aceste drepturi \u0219i cum se coreleaz\u0103 cu drepturile asupra codului pe baza c\u0103ruia a fost construit modelul. De asemenea, nu este clar dac\u0103 un bloc de cod generat \u00een GitHub Copilot, care repet\u0103 codul din proiectele utilizate pentru construirea modelului, poate fi considerat o lucrare derivat\u0103 \u0219i dac\u0103 includerea acestor blocuri \u00een software-ul proprietar poate fi considerat\u0103 o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a licen\u021belor copyleft. <\/p>\n
Reprezentan\u021bilor Microsoft \u0219i GitHub li s-au adresat \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre ce norme legale stau la baza afirma\u021biilor directorului GitHub conform c\u0103rora antrenarea modelului de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 pe date disponibile public se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een categoria utiliz\u0103rii de bun\u0103-credin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 procesarea codului \u00een GitHub Copilot poate fi considerat\u0103 similar\u0103 cu utilizarea unui compilator. De asemenea, Microsoft a fost solicitat\u0103 s\u0103 furnizeze o list\u0103 de licen\u021be \u0219i un detaliu al numelui repozitoriilor utilizate pentru antrenarea modelului. <\/p>\n
A fost pus\u0103 de asemenea \u00eentrebarea cum se coreleaz\u0103 afirma\u021bia c\u0103 antrenarea modelului este permis\u0103 pe orice cod, f\u0103r\u0103 a se \u021bine cont de licen\u021bele utilizate, cu faptul c\u0103 pentru antrenarea GitHub Copilot a fost folosit doar cod din software-ul open source \u0219i c\u0103 antrenarea nu include cod din reposituri \u00eenchise \u0219i produse proprietare ale companiei, precum Windows \u0219i MS Office. Dac\u0103 antrenarea modelului pe orice cod este o utilizare corect\u0103, atunci de ce Microsoft \u00ee\u0219i valorizeaz\u0103 proprietatea intelectual\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t cea a dezvoltatorilor de software open source. <\/p>\n
Compania Microsoft a evitat s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 \u0219i nu a furnizat o analiz\u0103 juridic\u0103 ce confirm\u0103 legitimitatea afirma\u021biilor sale despre utilizarea corect\u0103. Au fost f\u0103cute \u00eencerc\u0103ri de a ob\u021bine informa\u021biile necesare \u00eencep\u00e2nd din luna iulie a anului trecut. La \u00eenceput, reprezentan\u021bii Microsoft \u0219i GitHub au promis c\u0103 vor r\u0103spunde \u00een cel mai scurt timp, dar nu au oferit un r\u0103spuns. Dup\u0103 \u0219ase luni, a fost ini\u021biat\u0103 o discu\u021bie public\u0103 despre problemele legale \u0219i etice poten\u021biale \u00een sistemele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103, dar reprezentan\u021bii Microsoft au ignorat invita\u021bia de a participa. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, dup\u0103 un an, reprezentan\u021bii Microsoft au refuzat direct s\u0103 discute aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, explic\u00e2nd c\u0103 discu\u021bia este inutil\u0103, deoarece este pu\u021bin probabil s\u0103 schimbe pozi\u021bia SFC. <\/p>\n
Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 reclama\u021biile legate de proiectul GitHub Copilot, se semnaleaz\u0103 \u0219i urm\u0103toarele probleme GitHub: <\/p>\n
Se observ\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103 organiza\u021bia SFC a suspendat primirea de noi proiecte \u00een r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u care nu inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 migreze din GitHub. Pentru proiectele deja incluse \u00een SFC, ie\u0219irea din GitHub nu este impus\u0103, dar organiza\u021bia este preg\u0103tit\u0103 s\u0103 le ofere toate resursele \u0219i suportul necesar \u00een cazul \u00een care decid s\u0103 treac\u0103 pe o alt\u0103 platform\u0103. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bile de ap\u0103rare a drepturilor, organiza\u021bia SFC se ocup\u0103 de acumularea de fonduri sponsorizate \u0219i ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie juridic\u0103 proiectelor libere, prelu\u00e2nd responsabilit\u0103\u021bile de colectare a dona\u021biilor \u0219i gestionare a activelor proiectelor, ceea ce scap\u0103 dezvoltatorii de responsabilitatea personal\u0103 \u00een cazul litigii. Printre proiectele dezvoltate cu sprijinul SFC se num\u0103r\u0103 Git, CoreBoot, Wine, Samba, OpenWrt, QEMU, Mercurial, BusyBox, Inkscape \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 aproximativ o duzin\u0103 de proiecte libere. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438 GPL, 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Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"