{"id":104807,"date":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5"},"modified":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","modified_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea filtrului de pachete nftables 1.0.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost publicat release-ul filtrului de pachete nftables 1.0.5, care unific\u0103 interfe\u021bele de filtrare a pachetelor pentru IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0219i poduri de re\u021bea (destinat s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u0219i ebtables). De asemenea, a fost publicat release-ul bibliotecii asociate libnftnl 1.2.3, care ofer\u0103 un API de nivel sc\u0103zut pentru interac\u021biunea cu subsistemul nf_tables.       <\/p>\n<p>Pachetul nftables include componente ale filtrului de pachete care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, \u00een timp ce, la nivel de nucleu, func\u021bionarea este asigurat\u0103 de subsistemul nf_tables, parte a nucleului Linux \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu versiunea 3.13. La nivel de nucleu se ofer\u0103 doar o interfa\u021b\u0103 general\u0103, independent\u0103 de protocolul specific, care asigur\u0103 func\u021bii de baz\u0103 pentru extragerea datelor din pachete, executarea opera\u021biunilor cu datele \u0219i gestionarea fluxului.    <\/p>\n<p>Regulile de filtrare \u0219i handler-ii specifici pentru protocoale sunt compilate \u00een bytecode \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, dup\u0103 care acest bytecode este \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u00een nucleu prin intermediul interfe\u021bei Netlink \u0219i executat \u00een nucleu \u00eentr-un mod special <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4326\">ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103<\/a>, similar cu BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Aceast\u0103 abordare permite reducerea semnificativ\u0103 a dimensiunii codului de filtrare care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivel de nucleu \u0219i mutarea tuturor func\u021biilor de analiz\u0103 a regulilor \u0219i logica de func\u021bionare cu protocoalele \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului.    <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri principale:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen optimizatorul de reguli, invocat prin op\u021biunea &#171;-o\/&#8212;optimize&#187;, au fost rezolvate problemele legate de combinarea regulilor, listelor map \u0219i set.          # cat ruleset.nft       table ip x {              chain y {                      type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy drop;                      ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80                      ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90              }       }         # nft -o -c -f ruleset.nft       Combinare:       ruleset.nft:4:3-52:                ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80       ruleset.nft:5:3-52:                ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90       \u00een:              snat to ip saddr . tcp dport map { 1.1.1.1 . 8000 : 4.4.4.4 . 80, 2.2.2.2 . 8001 : 5.5.5.5 . 90 }\n<li class=\"l\"> La unirea elementelor ethernet \u0219i vlan s-a asigurat definirea unei liste dinamice set, populat\u0103 pe baza parametrilor c\u0103ii pachetului.         add table netdev x       add chain netdev x y { type filter hook ingress device enp0s25 priority 0;   }       add set netdev x macset { typeof ether daddr . vlan id; flags   dynamic,timeout; }       add rule netdev x y update @macset { ether daddr . vlan id timeout 60s }            add rule netdev x y ether saddr . vlan id { 0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 42,   0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 4095 } counter accept\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost stabilit modul de afi\u0219are a regulilor cu liste map care con\u021bin m\u0103\u0219ti \u00een numele interfe\u021belor.         table inet filter {          chain INPUT {              iifname vmap {                  &#171;eth0&#187; : jump input_lan,                  &#171;wg*&#187; : jump input_vpn              }          }          chain input_lan {}          chain input_vpn {}       }\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost eliminate regresiile care duceau la analizarea sintactic\u0103 incorect\u0103 a regulilor corecte.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost rezolvate problemele cu procesarea lent\u0103 \u0219i fuzionarea automat\u0103 a listelor mari cu elemente care definesc intervale de valori.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a eliminat oprirea nea\u0219teptat\u0103 la ad\u0103ugarea elementelor \u00eentr-o list\u0103 set incorect\u0103.    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57619\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.5, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.3, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.5, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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