{"id":105238,"date":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah"},"modified":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","slug":"razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","title":{"rendered":"Dezvoltatorii Debian au aprobat livrarea firmware-urilor proprietare \u00een suporturile de instalare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Au fost publicate rezultatele votului general (GR, rezolu\u021bie general\u0103) al dezvoltatorilor proiectului Debian, care se ocup\u0103 de \u00eentre\u021binerea pachetelor \u0219i a infrastructurii, \u00een care a fost discutat\u0103 problema furniz\u0103rii firmware-ului proprietar \u00een imaginile oficiale de instalare \u0219i \u00een versiunile live. \u00cen vot a fost ales al cincilea punct \u201eModificarea contractului public pentru furnizarea firmware-urilor nelibere \u00een instalator cu oferirea unor imagini de instalare unificate\u201d. <\/p>\n

Varianta aleas\u0103 implic\u0103 modificarea Contractului Social Debian, care define\u0219te principiile fundamentale ale proiectului \u0219i angajamentele acestuia fa\u021b\u0103 de comunitate. \u00cen punctul cinci din contractul social, care con\u021bine cerin\u021ba de a respecta standardele software-ului liber, va fi ad\u0103ugat un comentariu conform c\u0103ruia suporturile oficiale Debian pot include firmware-uri care nu fac parte din sistemul Debian, dac\u0103 acest lucru este necesar pentru a asigura func\u021bionarea distribu\u021biei pe hardware-ul pentru care sunt necesare asemenea firmware-uri. <\/p>\n

Imaginile oficiale de instalare \u0219i versiunile live Debian vor include pachete din sec\u021biunea \u201enon-free-firmware\u201d, \u00een care componentele legate de firmware au fost mutate din acel repository non-free. \u00cen cazul \u00een care exist\u0103 echipamente pentru care sunt necesare firmware externe, utilizarea firmware-ului proprietar necesar va fi inclus\u0103 \u00een mod implicit. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, pentru utilizatorii care prefer\u0103 doar software liber, \u00een etapa de \u00eenc\u0103rcare va fi oferit\u0103 op\u021biunea de a dezactiva utilizarea firmware-ului neiber. <\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, instalatorul \u0219i imaginea live vor oferi informa\u021bii despre tipul de firmware-uri \u00eenc\u0103rcate. Datele despre firmware-urile utilizate vor fi de asemenea salvate \u00een sistemul instalat pentru ca utilizatorul s\u0103 poat\u0103 ob\u021bine informa\u021bii despre firmware-urile folosite ulterior. Dac\u0103 firmware-urile sunt necesare pentru func\u021bionarea hardware-ului dup\u0103 instalare, sistemul va propune de asemenea, \u00een mod implicit, ad\u0103ugarea \u00een fi\u0219ierul sources.list a depozitului non-free-firmware, ceea ce va permite primirea actualiz\u0103rilor de firmware cu remedieri de vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i erori importante. Imaginile cu firmware-uri proprietare vor fi livrate ca suporturi oficiale, care vor \u00eenlocui imaginile anterioare f\u0103r\u0103 firmware-uri ne-libere. <\/p>\n

Problema livr\u0103rii firmware-urilor a devenit actual\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t produc\u0103torii de echipamente apeleaz\u0103 tot mai des la utilizarea firmware-urilor externe, \u00eenc\u0103rcate de sistemul de operare, \u00een loc s\u0103 livreze firmware-uri \u00een memorie permanent\u0103 pe dispozitivele \u00een sine. Aceste firmware-uri externe sunt necesare multor adaptoare moderne grafice, audio \u0219i de re\u021bea. Totu\u0219i, este neclar \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 livrarea firmware-urilor proprietary se aliniaz\u0103 cerin\u021bei de a livra doar software liber \u00een versiunile de baz\u0103 Debian, deoarece firmware-urile sunt executate pe dispozitive hardware, nu \u00een sistem, \u0219i se refer\u0103 la echipamente. Pe computerele moderne, dotate chiar \u0219i cu distribu\u021bii complet libere, sunt executate firmware-uri \u00eencorporate \u00een echipament. Diferen\u021ba const\u0103 doar \u00een faptul c\u0103 unele firmware-uri sunt \u00eenc\u0103rcate de sistemul de operare, \u00een timp ce altele sunt deja programate \u00een ROM sau memorie Flash. <\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, firmware-urile proprietary nu au fost incluse \u00een imagini oficiale de instalare Debian \u0219i au fost furnizate \u00eentr-un depozit separat non-free. Versiunile de instalare cu firmware-uri proprietary au statut neoficial \u0219i sunt distribuite separat, ceea ce duce la confuzie \u0219i creeaz\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi pentru utilizatori, deoarece, \u00een multe cazuri, func\u021bionarea complet\u0103 a echipamentului modern poate fi ob\u021binut\u0103 numai dup\u0103 instalarea firmware-urilor proprietary. Proiectul Debian a gestionat \u0219i preg\u0103tirea versiunilor neoficiale cu firmware-uri proprietary, ceea ce a necesitat o cheltuial\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 de resurse pentru a crea, testa \u0219i publica versiunile neoficiale, care dublau versiunile oficiale. <\/p>\n

A ap\u0103rut o situa\u021bie \u00een care versiunile neoficiale sunt mai preferate de utilizatori, dac\u0103 doresc s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 suport normal pentru echipamentul lor, iar instalarea versiunilor oficiale recomandate duce adesea la probleme de suport pentru echipamente. \u00cen plus, utilizarea versiunilor neoficiale \u00eempiedic\u0103 realizarea idealului de a oferi doar software open source \u0219i, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vrea, contribuie la popularizarea software-ului proprietary, deoarece utilizatorul prime\u0219te \u00eempreun\u0103 cu firmware-urile \u0219i depozitul conectat non-free cu alt software nesolid.
\n
Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (GR, general resolution) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Debian, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442 «\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a». \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Dezvoltatorii Debian au aprobat livrarea firmware-ului proprietar pe mediile de instalare | ProHoster","description":"Au fost publicate rezultatele votului general (GR, rezolu\u021bie general\u0103) al dezvoltatorilor proiectului Debian, care particip\u0103 la \u00eentre\u021binerea pachetelor \u0219i men\u021binerea infrastructurii, \u00een care s-a discutat despre furnizarea acestora.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 Debian \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (GR, general resolution) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Debian, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2022-10-02T13:36:41+00:00","article:modified_time":"2022-10-02T13:36:41+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105238"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105238\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}