{"id":105257,"date":"2022-10-06T15:36:38","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T13:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-llvm-razvivaet-sredstva-dlya-bezopasnoj-raboty-s-buferami-v-c"},"modified":"2022-10-06T15:36:38","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T13:36:38","slug":"proekt-llvm-razvivaet-sredstva-dlya-bezopasnoj-raboty-s-buferami-v-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/proekt-llvm-razvivaet-sredstva-dlya-bezopasnoj-raboty-s-buferami-v-c","title":{"rendered":"Proiectul LLVM dezvolt\u0103 instrumente pentru lucru sigur cu buffer-e \u00een C++","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dezvoltatorii proiectului LLVM au propus o serie de modific\u0103ri menite s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 securitatea proiectelor critice scrise \u00een C++ \u0219i s\u0103 ofere mijloace pentru excluderea erorilor cauzate de dep\u0103\u0219irea limitelor acceptabile ale bufferelor. Lucr\u0103rile se concentreaz\u0103 pe dou\u0103 direc\u021bii: furnizarea unui model de dezvoltare care s\u0103 permit\u0103 lucrul \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103 cu buffere \u0219i \u00eentreprinderea de m\u0103suri pentru \u00eent\u0103rirea protec\u021biei bibliotecii standard de func\u021bii libc++.    <\/p>\n<p>Modelul propus de programare sigur\u0103 pentru C++ preconizeaz\u0103 utilizarea claselor oferite de biblioteca standard atunci c\u00e2nd se lucreaz\u0103 cu buffere, \u00een locul manipul\u0103rii unor pointeri brut. De exemplu, se sugereaz\u0103 utilizarea claselor std::array, std::vector \u0219i std::span, \u00een care va fi ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o verificare a dep\u0103\u0219irii limitelor memoriei alocate, efectuat\u0103 \u00een timpul execu\u021biei.     <\/p>\n<p>Pentru a combate tehnicile periculoase de programare \u00een clang, se propune emiterea de avertismente ale compilatorului pentru toate opera\u021biile aritmetice cu pointeri, asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu avertismentele linter-ului clang-tidy, ce sunt produce cu flag-ul \u2018cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic\u2019, al c\u0103rui suport va fi disponibil \u00een versiunea LLVM 16. Pentru a activa astfel de avertismente, clang va ad\u0103uga un flag separat, care nu va fi activat \u00een mod implicit.    <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen libc++, se preconizeaz\u0103 implementarea unui mod op\u021bional de protec\u021bie sporit\u0103, \u00een care anumite situa\u021bii care duc la comportamente nedefinite vor fi monitorizate \u00een timpul execu\u021biei. De exemplu, \u00een clasele std::span \u0219i std::vector va fi urm\u0103rit accesul dincolo de zona de memorie alocat\u0103, iar \u00een cazul \u00een care va fi detectat, programul se va \u00eenchide necontrolat. Dezvoltatorii consider\u0103 c\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea unor astfel de modific\u0103ri va men\u021bine conformitatea libc++ cu standardele C++, deoarece alegerea metodei de tratare a cazurilor de comportament nedefinit revine dezvoltatorilor bibliotecii, care pot interpreta inclusiv comportamentele nedefinite ca fiind erori, ce necesit\u0103 \u00eenchiderea programului.     <\/p>\n<p>Verific\u0103rile efectuate \u00een timpul execu\u021biei \u00een libc++ sunt planificate s\u0103 fie \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een categorii care pot fi activate individual. Unele dintre verific\u0103rile propuse, care nu complic\u0103 opera\u021biile sau nu modific\u0103 ABI, au fost deja implementate \u00een cadrul modului de siguran\u021b\u0103 libc++ (safe mode).    <\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, se planific\u0103 preg\u0103tirea unui instrument pentru corectarea codului, care va permite \u00eenlocuirea variabilelor cu pointere brute cu containere \u0219i aplicarea de manipulatoare alternative \u00een situa\u021biile \u00een care containerul nu poate \u00eenlocui direct pointerul (de exemplu, construc\u021bia \u2018if(array_pointer)\u2019 poate fi transformat\u0103 \u00een \u2018if(span.data())\u2019. Corect\u0103rile pot fi aplicate nu doar variabilelor locale, ci \u0219i parametrilor de tip cu pointere.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57876\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 LLVM \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 C++ \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 libc++. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 LLVM \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 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