{"id":106211,"date":"2022-12-21T15:37:51","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T13:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vtoroj-prototip-platformy-alp-idushhej-na-smenu-suse-linux-enterprise"},"modified":"2022-12-21T15:37:51","modified_gmt":"2022-12-21T13:37:51","slug":"vtoroj-prototip-platformy-alp-idushhej-na-smenu-suse-linux-enterprise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vtoroj-prototip-platformy-alp-idushhej-na-smenu-suse-linux-enterprise","title":{"rendered":"Al doilea prototip al platformei ALP, care \u00eenlocuie\u0219te SUSE Linux Enterprise","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania SUSE a publicat al doilea prototip al platformei ALP \u201ePunta Baretti\u201d (Adaptable Linux Platform), pozi\u021bionat\u0103 ca o continuare a dezvolt\u0103rii distribu\u021biei SUSE Linux Enterprise. Principala caracteristic\u0103 distinctiv\u0103 a ALP este divizarea bazei fundamentale a distribu\u021biei \u00een dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi: un \u201ehost OS\u201d redus pentru a func\u021biona pe hardware \u0219i un strat de suport pentru aplica\u021bii, destinat rul\u0103rii \u00een containere \u0219i ma\u0219ini virtuale. Versiunile sunt preg\u0103tite pentru arhitectura x86_64. ALP este dezvoltat ini\u021bial printr-un proces deschis de dezvoltare, \u00een care versiunile intermediare \u0219i rezultatele test\u0103rii sunt public disponibile pentru to\u021bi cei interesa\u021bi.     <\/p>\n<p>Arhitectura ALP se bazeaz\u0103 pe dezvoltarea unui mediu \u201ehost OS\u201d, minim necesar pentru a sus\u021bine \u0219i gestiona echipamentele. Toate aplica\u021biile \u0219i componentele spa\u021biului utilizator sunt propuse s\u0103 fie rulate nu \u00eentr-un mediu mixt, ci \u00een containere separate sau \u00een <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lne ma\u0161ini\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4272\">virtu\u00e1lne ma\u0161ini<\/a>, executate deasupra \u201ehost OS\u201d \u0219i izolate una de cealalt\u0103. O astfel de organizare va permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 se concentreze asupra aplica\u021biilor \u0219i s\u0103 abstreag\u0103 fluxurile de lucru, separ\u00e2ndu-le de mediul sistemic de nivel sc\u0103zut \u0219i de echipament.      <\/p>\n<p>Ca baz\u0103 pentru \u201ehost OS\u201d este folosit produsul SLE Micro, bazat pe rezultatele proiectului MicroOS. Pentru gestionarea centralizat\u0103 sunt oferite sisteme de gestionare a configura\u021biei Salt (preinstalat) \u0219i Ansible (op\u021biune). Pentru lansarea containerelor izolate sunt disponibile instrumentele Podman \u0219i K3s (Kubernetes). Printre componentele sistemice, scoase \u00een containere, se num\u0103r\u0103 yast2, podman, k3s, cockpit, GDM (GNOME Display Manager) \u0219i KVM.     <\/p>\n<p>Printre caracteristicile mediului sistemic se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 utilizarea, \u00een mod implicit, a cript\u0103rii complete a discului (FDE, Full Disk Encryption) cu posibilitatea de stocare a cheilor \u00een TPM. Parti\u021bia de baz\u0103 este montat\u0103 \u00een modul doar pentru citire \u0219i nu se modific\u0103 \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii. \u00cen mediu se aplic\u0103 mecanismul de instalare atomic\u0103 a actualiz\u0103rilor. Spre deosebire de actualiz\u0103rile atomice bazate pe ostree \u0219i snap, utilizate \u00een Fedora \u0219i Ubuntu, \u00een ALP, \u00een loc de construirea de imagini atomice separate \u0219i desf\u0103\u0219urarea unei infrastructuri suplimentare de livrare, se utilizeaz\u0103 managerul de pachete standard \u0219i mecanismul de instantanee \u00een FS Btrfs.     <\/p>\n<p>Se preconizeaz\u0103 un mod configurabil de instalare automat\u0103 a actualiz\u0103rilor (de exemplu, se poate activa auto-instalarea doar a corec\u021biilor pentru vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile critice sau se poate reveni la confirmarea manual\u0103 a instal\u0103rii actualiz\u0103rilor). Pentru actualizarea nucleului Linux f\u0103r\u0103 repornire \u0219i suspendarea activit\u0103\u021bii, sunt acceptate patch-uri live. Pentru men\u021binerea rezilien\u021bei sistemului (self-healing), se realizeaz\u0103 fixarea ultimei st\u0103ri stabile prin intermediul snapshot-urilor Btrfs (\u00een caz de detectare a anomaliilor dup\u0103 aplicarea actualiz\u0103rilor sau modificarea set\u0103rilor, sistemul este automat revertat la starea anterioar\u0103).    <\/p>\n<p>Platforma utilizeaz\u0103 un stiv\u0103 software multi-versiune \u2014 datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii containerelor, diferite versiuni de instrumente \u0219i aplica\u021bii pot fi utilizate simultan. De exemplu, aplica\u021biile care depind de diferite versiuni de Python, Java \u0219i Node.js pot fi rulate, separ\u00e2nd dependen\u021bele incompatibile. Dependen\u021bele de baz\u0103 sunt furnizate sub form\u0103 de seturi BCI (Base Container Images). Utilizatorul poate crea, actualiza \u0219i \u0219terge stive software f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta alte medii.      <\/p>\n<p>Principalele modific\u0103ri \u00een al doilea prototip ALP:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost activat instalatorul D-Installer, care are o interfa\u021b\u0103 utilizator separat\u0103 de componentele interne YaST \u0219i permite utilizarea diferitelor frontend-uri, inclusiv un frontend pentru gestionarea instal\u0103rii printr-o interfa\u021b\u0103 web. Interfa\u021ba de baz\u0103 pentru gestionarea instal\u0103rii este construit\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd tehnologii web \u0219i include un procesator care ofer\u0103 acces la apelurile D-Bus prin HTTP \u0219i interfa\u021ba web propriu-zis\u0103. Interfa\u021ba web este scris\u0103 \u00een JavaScript folosind cadrul React \u0219i componentele PatternFly. Pentru a asigura securitatea, D-Installer suport\u0103 instalarea pe parti\u021bii criptate \u0219i permite utilizarea TPM (Trusted Platform Module) pentru decriptarea parti\u021biei de boot, folosind \u00een locul parolelor chei stocate \u00een cipul TPM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Se asigur\u0103 executarea unor clien\u021bi YaST (bootloader, iSCSIClient, Kdump, firewall etc.) \u00een containere separate. Au fost implementate dou\u0103 tipuri de containere \u2014 cele de control pentru a lucra cu YaST \u00een modul text, \u00een GUI \u0219i prin interfa\u021ba web, \u0219i cele de testare pentru a efectua test\u0103ri automatizate. O serie de module sunt, de asemenea, adaptate pentru utilizarea \u00een sisteme cu actualiz\u0103ri tranzac\u021bionale. Pentru integrarea cu openQA, a fost propus\u0103 biblioteca libyui-rest-api cu implementarea REST API.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat\u0103 executarea \u00eentr-un container al platformei Cockpit, pe baza c\u0103ruia este construit\u0103 interfa\u021ba web a configuratorului \u0219i instalatorului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Este asigurat\u0103 posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii cript\u0103rii complete a discului (FDE, Full Disk Encryption) \u00een instal\u0103rile pe echipamente obi\u0219nuite, nu doar \u00een sistemele de virtualizare \u0219i \u00een sistemele cloud.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ca bootloader principal este utilizat GRUB2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate configura\u021bii pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea de containere pentru construirea unui firewall (firewalld-container) \u0219i pentru gestionarea centralizat\u0103 a sistemelor \u0219i clusterelor (warewulf-container).        <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58367\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f SUSE \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b ALP &#171;Punta Baretti&#187; (Adaptable Linux Platform), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 SUSE Linux Enterprise. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c ALP \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e &#171;host OS&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f SUSE \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b ALP &quot;Punta Baretti&quot; 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