{"id":107802,"date":"2023-04-11T12:48:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T10:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107802"},"modified":"2023-04-12T10:36:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T08:36:30","slug":"reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea FreeBSD 13.2 cu suport pentru Netlink \u0219i WireGuard","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 11 luni de dezvoltare, a fost lansat\u0103 versiunea FreeBSD 13.2. Imaginile de instalare au fost create pentru arhitecturile amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0219i riscv64. De asemenea, au fost preg\u0103tite compil\u0103ri pentru sisteme de virtualizare (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0219i medii cloud Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0219i Vagrant.    <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri cheie:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a crea snapshot-uri ale sistemelor de fi\u0219iere UFS \u0219i FFS, pe care este activat jurnalizarea (soft updates). De asemenea, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru salvarea \u00een fundal a dump-urilor (rularea dump cu flag-ul &#171;-L&#187;) con\u021bin\u00e2nd sisteme de fi\u0219iere UFS montate atunci c\u00e2nd jurnalizarea este activat\u0103. Dintre func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile care nu sunt disponibile atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 jurnalizarea, r\u0103m\u00e2ne verificarea integrit\u0103\u021bii \u00een fundal prin intermediul utilitarului fsck.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen compunerea principal\u0103 a fost acceptat driverul wg care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivel de nucleu, implement\u00e2nd interfa\u021ba de re\u021bea pentru  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"248\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard. Pentru a utiliza algoritmii criptografici necesari driverului, a fost extins API-ul subsistemului criptografic din nucleul FreeBSD, \u00een care a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o leg\u0103tur\u0103 ce permite utilizarea prin standardul api criptografic a algoritmilor care nu sunt sus\u021binu\u021bi \u00een FreeBSD din biblioteca libsodium. \u00cen timpul dezvolt\u0103rii, a fost efectuat\u0103, de asemenea, o optimizare pentru a echilibra uniform sarcinile de criptare \u0219i decriptare a pachetelor pe nuclee CPU, ceea ce a permis reducerea cheltuielilor \u00een cazul proces\u0103rii pachetelor WireGuard.\n<p>\u00cencercarea anterioar\u0103 de a include WireGuard \u00een FreeBSD a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een 2020, dar a fost \u00eencheiat\u0103 \u00eentr-un scandal, \u00een urma c\u0103ruia codul deja ad\u0103ugat a fost \u0219ters din cauza calit\u0103\u021bii slabe, a lucrului neglijent cu buffer-ele, utiliz\u0103rii stub-urilor \u00een locul verific\u0103rilor, implement\u0103rii incomplete a protocolului \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rii licen\u021bei GPL. Noua implementare a fost preg\u0103tit\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 de echipele principale de dezvoltare FreeBSD \u0219i WireGuard cu participarea lui Jason Donenfeld, autorul VPN-ului WireGuard, \u0219i a lui John Baldwin, un cunoscut dezvoltator FreeBSD. \u00cenainte de acceptarea noului cod, cu sprijinul organiza\u021biei FreeBSD Foundation, a avut loc o revizuire complet\u0103 a modific\u0103rilor.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat suportul pentru protocolul de comunica\u021bie Netlink (RFC 3549), utilizat \u00een Linux pentru organizarea interac\u021biunii \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i procesele din spa\u021biul utilizatorului. Proiectul se limiteaz\u0103 la suportul familiei de opera\u021bii NETLINK_ROUTE pentru gestionarea st\u0103rii subsistemului de re\u021bea din nucleu, ceea ce permite utilizarea utilitarului ip din pachetul iproute2 pentru gestionarea interfe\u021belor de re\u021bea, configurarea <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"adreselor IP\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"865\">adreselor IP<\/a>, gestionarea rut\u0103rii \u0219i manipularea obiectelor nexthop, care stocheaz\u0103 date despre starea utilizat\u0103 pentru transmiterea pachetului la destina\u021bia dorit\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru toate fi\u0219ierele executabile ale sistemului de baz\u0103 pe platformele pe 64 de bi\u021bi, a fost activat\u0103 \u00een mod implicit randomizarea spa\u021biului de adresare (ASLR, Address Space Layout Randomization). Pentru a dezactiva selectiv ASLR, se pot folosi comenzile &#171;proccontrol -m aslr -s disable&#187; sau &#171;elfctl -e +noaslr&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen ipfw, c\u0103utarea adreselor MAC este realizat\u0103 prin utilizarea tabelelor de baz\u0103 (Radix table), ceea ce permite crearea de tabele cu adrese MAC \u0219i utilizarea acestora pentru filtrarea traficului. De exemplu:       ipfw table 1 create type mac     ipfw table 1 add 11:22:33:44:55:66\/48     ipfw add skipto tablearg src-mac &#8216;table(1)&#8217;      ipfw add deny src-mac &#8216;table(1, 100)&#8217;     ipfw add deny lookup dst-mac 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate \u0219i disponibile pentru desc\u0103rcare prin loader.conf modulele nucleului dpdk_lpm4 \u0219i dpdk_lpm6 cu implementarea algoritmului de c\u0103utare a rutelor DIR-24-8 pentru IPv4\/IPv6, care permite optimizarea func\u021biilor de rutare pentru gazde cu tabele de rutare foarte mari (\u00een teste, s-a observat o cre\u0219tere a vitezei la nivelul de 25%). Pentru configurarea modulelor, se poate folosi utilitarul standard route (a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea FIB_ALGO).\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementarea sistemului de fi\u0219iere ZFS a fost actualizat\u0103 la versiunea OpenZFS 2.1.9. \u00cen scriptul de start zfskeys, a fost asigurat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea automat\u0103 a cheilor stocate \u00een FS ZFS. A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou script RC zpoolreguid pentru a atribui un identificator GUID unuia sau mai multor zpool (de exemplu, util pentru medii de virtualizare cu date partajate).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen hypervisorul Bhyve \u0219i modulul vmm, a fost implementat suportul pentru ata\u0219area la sistemul gazd\u0103 a mai mult de 15 CPU virtuali (reglat prin sysctl hw.vmm.maxcpu). \u00cen utilitarul bhyve, a fost implementat\u0103 emularea dispozitivului virtio-input, prin care pot fi injectate evenimente de intrare de la tastatur\u0103 \u0219i mouse \u00een sistemul gazd\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen KTLS, implementarea protocolului TLS, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul nucleului FreeBSD, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru accelerarea hardware a TLS 1.3 prin delegarea c\u0103tre placa de re\u021bea a unor opera\u021bii legate de procesarea pachetelor criptate. Anterior, o astfel de posibilitate era disponibil\u0103 pentru TLS 1.1 \u0219i TLS 1.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen scriptul de pornire growfs, la extinderea sistemului de fi\u0219iere r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103, s-a asigurat ad\u0103ugarea unei parti\u021bii de swap, \u00een cazul \u00een care aceast\u0103 parti\u021bie nu exista ini\u021bial (de exemplu, util\u0103 la instalarea pe o cart\u0103 SD a unei imagini de sistem gata). Un nou parametru growfs_swap_size a fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een rc.conf pentru gestionarea dimensiunii swap-ului.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen scriptul de pornire hostid s-a asigurat generarea unui UUID aleator \u00een cazul \u00een care fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/hostid este absent \u0219i nu se poate ob\u021bine UUID de la hardware. De asemenea, a fost ad\u0103ugat fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/machine-id cu o reprezentare compact\u0103 a identificatorului gazdei (f\u0103r\u0103 cratime).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen rc.conf au fost ad\u0103ugate variabilele defaultrouter_fibN \u0219i ipv6_defaultrouter_fibN, prin care se pot ad\u0103uga rute implicite \u00een tablourile FIB, diferite de cele primare.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen biblioteca libmd a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru hash-uri SHA-512\/224.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen biblioteca pthread a fost implementat suport pentru semantica func\u021biilor utilizate \u00een Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen kdump, a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru decodarea apelurilor de sistem Linux. \u00cen kdump \u0219i sysdecode a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru urm\u0103rirea apelurilor de sistem \u00een stil Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul killall a ap\u0103rut posibilitatea de a trimite semnale proceselor legate de un anumit terminal (de exemplu, &#171;killall -t pts\/1&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat utilitarul nproc pentru a afi\u0219a num\u0103rul de unit\u0103\u021bi de calcul disponibile procesului curent.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul pciconf a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru decodarea parametrilor ACS (Access Control Services).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen nucleu a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea SPLIT_KERNEL_DEBUG, care permite salvarea informa\u021biilor de depanare pentru nucleu \u0219i modulele sale \u00een fi\u0219iere separate.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen ABI Linux s-a finalizat aproape implementarea suportului pentru mecanismul vDSO (virtual dynamic shared objects), care ofer\u0103 un set limitat de apeluri de sistem accesibile \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului f\u0103r\u0103 schimbarea contextului. ABI Linux pe sistemele ARM64 a fost adus la paritate cu implementarea pentru arhitectura AMD64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul hardware-ului a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru monitorizarea performan\u021bei (hwpmc) pentru CPU-urile Intel Alder Lake. Driverul iwlwifi pentru pl\u0103cile de re\u021bea wireless Intel a fost actualizat pentru a include noi cipuri \u0219i standardul 802.11ac. A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul rtw88 pentru pl\u0103cile de re\u021bea wireless Realtek cu interfa\u021b\u0103 PCI. Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile stratului linuxkpi au fost extinse pentru utilizarea driverelor Linux \u00een FreeBSD.\n<li class=\"l\"> Biblioteca OpenSSL a fost actualizat\u0103 la versiunea 1.1.1t, LLVM\/Clang la versiunea 14.0.5, iar serverul \u0219i clientul SSH au fost actualiza\u021bi la OpenSSH 9.2p1 (\u00een versiunea anterioar\u0103 a fost utilizat\u0103 OpenSSH 8.8p1). De asemenea, au fost actualizate versiunile bc 6.2.4, expat 2.5.0, file 5.43, less 608, libarchive 3.6.2, sendmail 8.17.1, sqlite 3.40.1, unbound 1.17.1, zlib 1.2.13.    <\/ul>\n<p>De asemenea, a fost anun\u021bat trecerea \u00een categoria de deprecated \u0219i eliminarea, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu ramura FreeBSD 14.0, a parolelor unice OPIE, driverelor ce \u0219i cp, driverelor pentru pl\u0103cile cu interfa\u021b\u0103 ISA, utilitarilor mergemaster \u0219i minigzip, componentelor ATM \u00een netgraph (NgATM), procesului de fundal telnetd \u0219i clasei VINUM \u00een geom.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58946\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 11 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 13.2. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c UFS \u0438 FFS, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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