{"id":110888,"date":"2023-10-17T03:10:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T01:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-openbsd-7-4"},"modified":"2023-10-17T03:10:16","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T01:10:16","slug":"vypusk-openbsd-7-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-openbsd-7-4","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea OpenBSD 7.4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost lansat\u0103 versiunea sistemului de operare UNIX-similar OpenBSD 7.4. Proiectul OpenBSD a fost fondat de Theo de Raadt \u00een 1995, dup\u0103 un conflict cu dezvoltatorii NetBSD, care a dus la restric\u021bionarea accesului lui Theo la depozitul CVS NetBSD. Dup\u0103 aceasta, Theo de Raadt, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un grup de sus\u021bin\u0103tori, a creat un nou sistem de operare deschis pe baza arborelui de cod surs\u0103 NetBSD, a c\u0103rui principale obiective de dezvoltare au fost portabilitatea (accept\u00e2nd 13 platforme hardware), standardizarea, func\u021bionarea corect\u0103, securitatea proactiv\u0103 \u0219i integrarea instrumentelor criptografice. Dimensiunea imaginii ISO complete de instalare a sistemului de baz\u0103 OpenBSD 7.4 este de 630 MB.       <\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 sistemul de operare \u00een sine, proiectul OpenBSD este cunoscut pentru componentele sale, care au fost adoptate \u00een alte sisteme \u0219i s-au dovedit a fi unele dintre cele mai sigure \u0219i de calitate solu\u021bii. Printre acestea se num\u0103r\u0103: LibreSSL (fork OpenSSL), OpenSSH, filtrul de pachete PF, demonii de rutare OpenBGPD \u0219i OpenOSPFD, serverul NTP OpenNTPD, serverul de po\u0219t\u0103 OpenSMTPD, multiplexorul de terminale text tmux (similar cu GNU screen), demonul identd cu implementarea protocoalelor IDENT, alternativa BSDL la pachetul GNU groff \u2014 mandoc, protocolul pentru organizarea sistemelor cu redundan\u021b\u0103 (Common Address Redundancy Protocol - CARP), un server http u\u0219or, utilitarul de sincronizare a fi\u0219ierelor OpenRSYNC.          <\/p>\n<p>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri principale:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitecturile amd64 \u0219i i386 au fost ad\u0103ugate componente pentru actualizarea microcodului procesorului AMD. Noile versiuni de microcod se instaleaz\u0103 automat la boot. Pentru distribu\u021bia fi\u0219ierelor binare cu microcod, a fost preg\u0103tit portul \u201eports\/sysutils\/firmware\/amd\u201d. Instalarea noului microcod se face cu ajutorul utilitarului fw_update. O sus\u021binere similar\u0103 pentru actualizarea microcodului pentru procesoarele Intel a fost implementat\u0103 \u00een 2018 \u0219i oferit\u0103 \u00een versiunea OpenBSD 6.3.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru nucleu \u0219i spa\u021biul utilizatorului au fost incluse mecanisme de protec\u021bie IBT (Indirect Branch Tracking, amd64) \u0219i BTI (Branch Target Identification, arm64), concepute pentru a bloca \u00eenc\u0103lcarea ordinii normale de execu\u021bie (control flow) ca urmare a utiliz\u0103rii exploit-urilor care modific\u0103 pointerii func\u021biilor stoca\u021bi \u00een memorie (protec\u021bia implementat\u0103 nu permite codului mali\u021bios s\u0103 efectueze o tranzi\u021bie \u00een mijlocul unei func\u021bii).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele cu arhitectur\u0103 arm64, pentru protec\u021bia spa\u021biului utilizatorului, a fost activat\u0103 autentificarea pointerilor (Pointer Authentication). Tehnologia permite utilizarea instruc\u021biunilor specializate ARM64 pentru a verifica adresele de retur cu ajutorul semn\u0103turilor digitale, care sunt stocate \u00een bi\u021bii superiori neutiliza\u021bi ai pointerului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Set\u0103rile compilatorului de sistem clang, precum \u0219i clang \u0219i gcc din porturi, au fost modificate pentru a aplica mecanismele de protec\u021bie men\u021bionate mai sus, ceea ce a \u00eent\u0103rit semnificativ securitatea tuturor aplica\u021biilor de baz\u0103 \u0219i majoritatea aplica\u021biilor din porturi \u00eempotriva exploiturilor care folosesc tehnici de programare orientate pe restituire (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming). Atunci c\u00e2nd se folose\u0219te tehnica ROP, atacatorul nu \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 plaseze propria sa cod \u00een memorie, ci opereaz\u0103 cu buc\u0103\u021bi de instruc\u021biuni ma\u0219in\u0103 deja existente \u00een bibliotecile \u00eenc\u0103rcate, care se termin\u0103 cu instruc\u021biunea de returnare a controlului (de obicei, este vorba despre finalurile func\u021biilor de bibliotec\u0103). Func\u021bionarea exploitului const\u0103 \u00een construirea unei secven\u021be de apeluri de astfel de bucle (\u201egadgets\u201d) pentru a ob\u021bine func\u021bionalitatea dorit\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou apel de sistem kqueue1, care se deosebe\u0219te de kqueue prin transmiterea flag-urilor. \u00cen prezent, \u00een kqueue1 este suportat doar flag-ul O_CLOEXEC (close-on-exec) pentru \u00eenchiderea automat\u0103 a descriptorilor de fi\u0219iere \u00een procesul fiu dup\u0103 apelul exec().\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitecturile amd64 \u0219i i386 a fost implementat suportul pentru pseud Dispozitivul dt pentru organizarea tras\u0103rii dinamice a sistemului \u0219i aplica\u021biilor. Pentru inserarea \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor personalizate \u00een log-ul ktrace a fost ad\u0103ugat apelul de sistem utrace.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost transferate corec\u021bii din FreeBSD care elimin\u0103 comportamentele nedefinite la utilizarea sistemelor de fi\u0219iere MS-DOS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Op\u021biunea de montare softdep, utilizat\u0103 pentru scrierea grupat\u0103 am\u00e2nat\u0103 a metadatelor, a fost dezactivat\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Programelor protejate prin apelul de sistem unveil li se permite salvarea core dump-urilor \u00een directorul de lucru curent.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura ARM64 a fost activat\u0103 posibilitatea de a trece \u00een st\u0103ri ad\u00e2nci de inactivitate (idle), disponibile \u00een cipurile Apple M1\/M2, pentru economisirea energiei \u0219i implementarea modului de a\u0219teptare.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o protec\u021bie de ocolire \u00eempotriva vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii Zenbleed \u00een procesoarele AMD.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit suportul pentru sistemele multiprocesor (SMP). Func\u021bia arprequest(), codul de procesare a pachetelor ARP primite \u0219i implementarea determin\u0103rii nodurilor adiacente au fost deblocate \u00een stiva IPv6.\n<li class=\"l\"> Interfa\u021ba de sincronizare a tabelelor filtrului de pachete pfsync a fost rescris\u0103 pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi gestionarea blocajelor \u0219i compatibilitatea cu viitoarele lucr\u0103ri de paralelizare a stivei de re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementarea framework-ului drm (Direct Rendering Manager) a fost sincronizat\u0103 cu nucleul Linux 6.1.55 (versiunea anterioar\u0103 - 6.1.15). A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 func\u021bionarea pe sistemele cu procesoare Intel bazate pe microarhitecturile Alder Lake \u0219i Raptor Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri aduse hypervisor-ului VMM. \u00cen vmd a fost implementat suportul pentru modelul multiprocesor pentru dispozitivele virtio de bloc \u0219i de re\u021bea. Dispozitivul virtio de bloc a primit suport pentru input\/output vectorial \u00een modul zero-copy. Accesul sistemelor gazd\u0103 la modurile p-state ale procesoarelor AMD a fost restric\u021bionat. Proprietarii <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2146\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a> au voie s\u0103 suprascrie nucleul de boot prin vmctl.\n<li class=\"l\"> Un nou fi\u0219ier header uchar.h a fost ad\u0103ugat cu tipurile char32_t \u0219i char16_t \u0219i func\u021biile c32rtomb(), mbrtoc32(), c16rtomb() \u0219i mbrtoc16(), definite \u00een standardul C11.\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021biei malloc i-a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea \u201eD\u201d pentru a determina scurgerile de memorie cu ajutorul ktrace (\u201eMALLOC_OPTIONS=D ktrace -tu program\u201d) \u0219i kdump (\u201ekdump -u malloc ...\u201d).\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitatii make i s-a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru variabila ${.VARIABLES} pentru a afi\u0219a numele tuturor variabilelor globale setate.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul kdump a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea \u201e-u\u201d pentru a selecta puncte de trasare utrace dup\u0103 o etichet\u0103 dat\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarul openrsync a fost actualizat cu op\u021biunile &#171;&#8212;size-only&#187; \u0219i &#171;&#8212;ignore-times&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen cron \u0219i crontab a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru decalaje aleatorii atunci c\u00e2nd se specific\u0103 intervale de valori cu un pas definit, ceea ce permite evitarea solicit\u0103rii simultane a resurselor de pe ma\u0219ini diferite care au regulile cron identice. De exemplu, specificarea &#171;0~59\/30&#187; sau &#171;~ \/30&#187; \u00een c\u00e2mpul minutelor va duce la rularea comenzii de dou\u0103 ori pe or\u0103 prin intervale alese aleatoriu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitatii wsconsctl i s-a ad\u0103ugat posibilitatea de a mapa butoanele pentru ap\u0103s\u0103rile cu dou\u0103 sau trei degete pe touchpad.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru noul hardware \u0219i includerea de noi drivere.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 instalarea pe sistemele cu procesoare armv7 \u0219i arm64.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru \u00eenc\u0103rcarea fi\u0219ierelor din parti\u021bia sistemului EFI (EFI System Partition).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen installer, a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit suportul pentru RAID-uri software (softraid). A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea de a plasa parti\u021bia r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 \u00een softraid pe sistemele riscv64 \u0219i arm64. Softraid a fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een ramdisk pentru arhitectura powerpc64. Pentru arm64, a fost implementat suportul pentru criptarea discurilor (Guided Disk Encryption).\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021biei malloc i s-a ad\u0103ugat o verificare pentru toate blocurile din lista de eliberare \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 a memoriei pentru a identifica situa\u021biile de scriere \u00een zona de memorie eliberat\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru a executa comanda shutdown, acum este necesar\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea utilizatorului \u00een grupul &#171;_shutdown&#187;, ceea ce permite separarea atribu\u021biilor legate de oprirea sistemului \u0219i citirea direct\u0103 de pe dispozitivele de stocare.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prin apelul de sistem unveil, utilitarul patch este limitat la accesul doar la directorul curent, directorul fi\u0219ierelor temporare \u0219i la fi\u0219ierele enumerate \u00een linia de comand\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat sysctl net.inet6.icmp6.nd6_queued pentru a ar\u0103ta num\u0103rul de pachete care a\u0219teapt\u0103 un r\u0103spuns ND6 (asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu ARP).\n<li class=\"l\"> La configurarea adresei IPv6 pe interfa\u021ba de re\u021bea, s-a asigurat trimiterea unui anun\u021b c\u0103tre routerele adiacente printr-o adres\u0103 multicast.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport ini\u021bial pentru TSO (TCP Segmentation Offload) \u0219i LRO (TCP Large Receive Offload) pentru procesarea segmentelor \u0219i combinarea pachetelor pe partea pl\u0103cii de re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cenc\u0103rcarea din nucleul regulilor filtrului de pachete pf prin utilitarul pfctl a fost accelerat\u0103. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 procesarea ac\u021biunilor &#171;keep state&#187; \u0219i &#171;nat-to&#187; pentru mesajele de eroare returnate prin ICMP.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost dezactivat\u0103 calcularea sumelor de control IP, TCP \u0219i UDP pentru interfe\u021bele loopback.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport ini\u021bial <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"243\">VPN<\/a> IPsec, care depinde de rutare (route-based).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen bgpd a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru Flowspec (RFC5575, deocamdat\u0103 sprijin\u0103 doar anun\u021barea regulilor flowspec). Implementarea ASPA (Autonomous System Provider Authorization) a fost adus\u0103 \u00een conformitate cu specifica\u021biile draft-ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification-16 \u0219i draft-ietf-sidrops-aspa-profile-16 \u0219i a fost adaptat\u0103 pentru utilizarea tabelelor de c\u0103utare care nu depind de AFI (Address Family Indicator).\n<li class=\"l\"> Performan\u021ba rpki-client a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 cu 30-50%. A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru comprimarea gzip \u0219i deflate.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetele LibreSSL \u0219i OpenSSH au fost actualizate. O privire detaliat\u0103 asupra \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birilor poate fi g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een recenziile LibreSSL 3.8.0, OpenSSH 9.4 \u0219i OpenSSH 9.5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Num\u0103rul de porturi pentru arhitectura AMD64 a ajuns la 11845 (a fost 11764), pentru aarch64 &#8212; 11508 (a fost 11561), pentru i386 &#8212; 10603 (a fost 10572). Printre versiunile aplica\u021biilor din porturi:\n<ul>\n<li>Asterisk 16.30.1, 18.19.0b, 20.4.0      <\/li>\n<li>Audacity 3.3.3      <\/li>\n<li>CMake 3.27.5      <\/li>\n<li>Chromium 117.0.5938.149      <\/li>\n<li>Emacs 29.1      <\/li>\n<li>FFmpeg 4.4.4      <\/li>\n<li>GCC 8.4.0 \u0219i 11.2.0      <\/li>\n<li>GHC 9.2.7      <\/li>\n<li>GNOME 44      <\/li>\n<li>Go 1.21.1      <\/li>\n<li>JDK 8u382, 11.0.20 \u0219i 17.0.8      <\/li>\n<li>KDE Applications 23.08.0      <\/li>\n<li>KDE Frameworks 5.110.0      <\/li>\n<li>Krita 5.1.5      <\/li>\n<li>LLVM\/Clang 13.0.0 \u0219i 16.0.6      <\/li>\n<li>LibreOffice 7.6.2.1      <\/li>\n<li>Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4, 5.3.6 \u0219i 5.4.6      <\/li>\n<li>MariaDB 10.9.6      <\/li>\n<li>Mono 6.12.0.199      <\/li>\n<li>Mozilla Firefox 118.0.1 \u0219i ESR 115.3.1      <\/li>\n<li>Mozilla Thunderbird 115.3.1      <\/li>\n<li>Mutt 2.2.12 \u0219i NeoMutt 20230517      <\/li>\n<li>Node.js 18.18.0      <\/li>\n<li>OpenLDAP 2.6.6      <\/li>\n<li>PHP 7.4.33, 8.0.30, 8.1.24 \u0219i 8.2.11      <\/li>\n<li>Postfix 3.7.3      <\/li>\n<li>PostgreSQL 15.4      <\/li>\n<li>Python 2.7.18, 3.9.18, 3.10.13 \u0219i 3.11.5      <\/li>\n<li>Qt 5.15.10 \u0219i 6.5.2      <\/li>\n<li>R 4.2.3      <\/li>\n<li>Ruby 3.0.6, 3.1.4 \u0219i 3.2.2      <\/li>\n<li>Rust 1.72.1      <\/li>\n<li>SQLite 3.42.0      <\/li>\n<li>Shotcut 23.07.29      <\/li>\n<li>Sudo 1.9.14.2      <\/li>\n<li>Suricata 6.0.12      <\/li>\n<li>Tcl\/Tk 8.5.19 \u0219i 8.6.13      <\/li>\n<li>TeX Live 2022      <\/li>\n<li>Vim 9.0.1897 \u0219i Neovim 0.9.1      <\/li>\n<li>Xfce 4.18    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentele de la ter\u021bi care intr\u0103 \u00een compunerea OpenBSD 7.3 au fost actualizate:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Stiva grafic\u0103 Xenocara bazat\u0103 pe X.Org 7.7 cu xserver 21.1.8 + patch-uri, freetype 2.13.0, fontconfig 2.14.2, Mesa 22.3.7, xterm 378, xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.2.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    LLVM\/Clang 13.0.0 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    GCC 4.2.1 (+ patch-uri) \u0219i 3.3.6 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Perl 5.36.1 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    NSD 4.7.0  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Unbound 1.18  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Ncurses 5.7  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Binutils 2.17 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Gdb 6.3 (+ patch)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Awk 12.9.2023  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Expat 2.5.0.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=59942\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 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\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 NetBSD \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 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