{"id":112431,"date":"2023-12-22T21:10:32","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T19:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/mayhem-ataka-iskazhayushhaya-bity-v-pamyati-dlya-obhoda-autentifikaczii-v-sudo-i-openssh"},"modified":"2023-12-22T21:10:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T19:10:33","slug":"mayhem-ataka-iskazhayushhaya-bity-v-pamyati-dlya-obhoda-autentifikaczii-v-sudo-i-openssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/mayhem-ataka-iskazhayushhaya-bity-v-pamyati-dlya-obhoda-autentifikaczii-v-sudo-i-openssh","title":{"rendered":"Mayhem \u2014 atac care distorsioneaz\u0103 bi\u021bi \u00een memorie pentru a ocoli autentificarea \u00een sudo \u0219i OpenSSH","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cercet\u0103torii de la Institutul Politehnic Worcester (SUA) au prezentat un nou tip de atac numit Mayhem, care folose\u0219te metoda distorsiunii bitilor \u00een memoria operativ\u0103 dinamic\u0103 Rowhammer pentru a modifica valorile variabilelor din stiv\u0103, utilizate \u00een program ca drapeluri pentru a decide succesul autentific\u0103rii \u0219i trecerea testelor de securitate. Exemple practice ale acestui atac sunt prezentate pentru a ocoli autentificarea \u00een SUDO, OpenSSH \u0219i MySQL, precum \u0219i pentru a modifica rezultatul testelor legate de securitate \u00een biblioteca OpenSSL.    <\/p>\n<p>Atacul poate fi aplicat aplica\u021biilor \u00een care verific\u0103rile folosesc compara\u021bia diferen\u021belor fa\u021b\u0103 de zero. Exemple de cod vulnerabil: int auth = 0; \/\/ codul de verificare, care schimb\u0103 valoarea auth \u00een cazul unei autentific\u0103ri reu\u0219ite if(auth != 0) return AUTH_SUCCESS; else return AUTH_FAILURE;      <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen contextul acestui exemplu, pentru un atac reu\u0219it este suficient s\u0103 se ob\u021bin\u0103 distorsionarea oric\u0103rui bit \u00een memorie, care corespunde variabilei de 32 de bi\u021bi auth din stiv\u0103. La distorsionarea oric\u0103rui bit din variabil\u0103, valoarea nu va mai fi zero \u0219i operatorul condi\u021bional va determina o autentificare reu\u0219it\u0103. Astfel de tipare de verificare sunt destul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u00een aplica\u021bii \u0219i se g\u0103sesc, de exemplu, \u00een SUDO, OpenSSH, MySQL \u0219i OpenSSL.       <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mayhem - atac care distorsioneaz\u0103 bitii din memorie pentru a ocoli autentificarea \u00een sudo \u0219i OpenSSH\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ef5dd9463837514f055f9f2610652fb9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>Atacul poate fi aplicat \u0219i pentru compara\u021bii de genul 'if(auth == 1)', dar \u00een acest caz desf\u0103\u0219urarea sa devine mai complicat\u0103, deoarece trebuie s\u0103 distorsionezi nu orice bit din 32, ci ultimul bit. Metoda poate fi folosit\u0103, de asemenea, pentru a influen\u021ba valorile variabilelor \u00een registrele procesorului, deoarece con\u021binutul registrelor poate fi temporar salvat \u00een stiv\u0103 la schimbarea contextului, apelarea func\u021biilor sau activarea handlerelor de semnal. \u00cen intervalul de timp \u00een care valorile registrelor se afl\u0103 \u00een memorie, este posibil s\u0103 se fac\u0103 distorsiuni \u00een aceast\u0103 memorie \u0219i astfel \u00een registru va fi restaurat\u0103 valoarea modificat\u0103.        <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mayhem - atac care distorsioneaz\u0103 bitii din memorie pentru a ocoli autentificarea \u00een sudo \u0219i OpenSSH\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/089c4ea98448b638ba630e55821fc32f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>Pentru distorsionarea bitilor se folose\u0219te una dintre variantele atacului din clasa RowHammer. Deoarece memoria DRAM reprezint\u0103 un aranjament bidimensional de celule, fiecare const\u00e2nd dintr-un condensator \u0219i un tranzistor, citirea continu\u0103 a acelea\u0219i zone de memorie duce la fluctua\u021bii de tensiune \u0219i anomalii care provoac\u0103 o pierdere mic\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a celulelor adiacente. Dac\u0103 intensitatea citirii este mare, o celul\u0103 adiacenta poate pierde o cantitate semnificativ\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, iar urm\u0103torul ciclu de regenerare nu va reu\u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei restabileasc\u0103 starea ini\u021bial\u0103, ceea ce va duce la modificarea valorii datelor stocate \u00een celul\u0103. Pentru a se proteja \u00eempotriva RowHammer, produc\u0103torii de cipuri au ad\u0103ugat mecanismul TRR (Target Row Refresh), care blocheaz\u0103 distorsionarea celulelor \u00een cazuri particulare, dar nu protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva tuturor variantelor de atac.       <\/p>\n<p>Pentru a proteja \u00eempotriva atacului Mayhem, se recomand\u0103 utilizarea \u00een compara\u021bii nu a evalu\u0103rii diferen\u021belor fa\u021b\u0103 de zero sau a confrunt\u0103rii cu unu, ci a verific\u0103rii coresponden\u021belor, folosind o valoare aleatoare de seed cu octe\u021bi nenuli. \u00cen acest caz, pentru a seta valoarea dorit\u0103 a variabilei, este necesar s\u0103 distorsionezi cu exactitate un num\u0103r semnificativ de bi\u021bi, ceea ce este nerealist, spre deosebire de distorsionarea unui singur bit. Exemplu de cod nu vulnerabil la atac: int auth = 0xbe406d1a; \/\/ codul de verificare, care seteaz\u0103 valoarea auth la 0x23ab8701 \u00een cazul unei autentific\u0103ri reu\u0219ite if(auth == 0x23ab8701) return AUTH_SUCCESS; else return AUTH_FAILURE;      <\/p>\n<p>Metoda de protec\u021bie specificat\u0103 a fost deja aplicat\u0103 de dezvoltatorii sudo \u0219i a fost inclus\u0103 \u00een versiunea 1.9.15 ca o corectare a vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii CVE-2023-42465. Prototipul codului pentru realizarea atacului urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie publicat dup\u0103 ce corec\u021biile vor fi efectuate \u00een proiectele vulnerabile principale.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60334\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0412\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0428\u0410) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 Mayhem, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 Rowhammer \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 SUDO, OpenSSH \u0438 MySQL, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":112432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0412\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0428\u0410) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f 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\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Mayhem \u2014 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 sudo \u0438 OpenSSH | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0412\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0428\u0410) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 Mayhem, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 Rowhammer \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/mayhem-ataka-iskazhayushhaya-bity-v-pamyati-dlya-obhoda-autentifikaczii-v-sudo-i-openssh","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2023-12-22T19:10:33+00:00","article:modified_time":"2023-12-22T19:10:33+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112431\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}