{"id":114160,"date":"2024-03-06T18:25:47","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T16:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/microsoft-pereimenoval-distributiv-cbl-mariner-v-azure-linux-i-opublikoval-azure-sphere-os-24-03"},"modified":"2024-03-06T18:25:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T16:25:47","slug":"microsoft-pereimenoval-distributiv-cbl-mariner-v-azure-linux-i-opublikoval-azure-sphere-os-24-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/microsoft-pereimenoval-distributiv-cbl-mariner-v-azure-linux-i-opublikoval-azure-sphere-os-24-03","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft a redenumit distribu\u021bia CBL-Mariner \u00een Azure Linux \u0219i a publicat Azure Sphere OS pe 24.03","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Microsoft a redenumit distribu\u021bia CBL-Mariner \u00een Azure Linux. Anterior, numele Azure Linux era folosit pentru o compunere specializat\u0103, instalat\u0103 \u00een Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), iar platforma general\u0103 pentru crearea distribu\u021biilor s-a dezvoltat sub numele CBL-Mariner (Common Base Linux Mariner). Cu c\u00e2teva zile \u00een urm\u0103, Microsoft a redenumit depozitul CBL-Mariner \u00een azurelinux, a schimbat numele utilitarelor \u0219i a \u00eenlocuit men\u021biunile CBL-Mariner din documenta\u021bie cu Azure Linux. Ulterior, a fost format\u0103 prima versiune a platformei cu noul nume \u2014 Azure Linux 2.0.20240301, \u00een care au fost eliminate erorile \u0219i vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile acumulate \u00een aplica\u021bii.    <\/p>\n<p>Proiectul vizeaz\u0103 unificarea solu\u021biilor Linux utilizate \u00een Microsoft \u0219i simplificarea \u00eentre\u021binerii sistemelor Linux de diverse tipuri la zi. Printre altele, distribu\u021bia este utilizat\u0103 \u00een infrastructura cloud, sistemele edge \u0219i diferite servicii Microsoft. Dezvolt\u0103rile proiectului sunt distribuite sub licen\u021ba MIT. Pachetele sunt formate pentru arhitecturile aarch64 \u0219i x86_64. Imaginea ISO de boot a fost preg\u0103tit\u0103 (860 MB) pentru arhitectura x86_64.        <\/p>\n<p>Distribu\u021bia Azure Linux ofer\u0103 un set mic standard de pachete de baz\u0103, care constituie o funda\u021bie universal\u0103 pentru crearea umpluturii containerelor, a mediilor gazd\u0103 \u0219i a serviciilor care ruleaz\u0103 \u00een infrastructuri cloud \u0219i pe dispozitive edge. Solu\u021bii mai complexe \u0219i specializate pot fi create prin ad\u0103ugarea de pachete suplimentare peste Azure Linux, dar funda\u021bia pentru toate aceste sisteme r\u0103m\u00e2ne neschimbat\u0103, ceea ce simplific\u0103 \u00eentre\u021binerea \u0219i preg\u0103tirea actualiz\u0103rilor.       <\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, Azure Linux este utilizat ca baz\u0103 pentru mini-distribu\u021bia WSLg, care ofer\u0103 componentele stivei grafice pentru a organiza rularea aplica\u021biilor GUI Linux \u00een medii bazate pe subsistemul WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux). Func\u021bionalitatea extins\u0103 \u00een WSLg este realizat\u0103 prin includerea de pachete suplimentare cu compozit. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"serverul\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2995\">serverul<\/a> Weston, XWayland, PulseAudio \u0219i FreeRDP.      <\/p>\n<p>Sistemul de compilare Azure Linux permite generarea at\u00e2t a pachetelor RPM individuale pe baza fi\u0219ierelor SPEC \u0219i a codului surs\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i a imaginilor sistemului monolitice, formate cu ajutorul instrumentului rpm-ostree \u0219i actualizate atomic f\u0103r\u0103 a fi desf\u0103cute \u00een pachete separate. Prin urmare, sunt sus\u021binute dou\u0103 modele de livrare a actualiz\u0103rilor: prin actualizarea pachetelor individuale \u0219i prin reconstruc\u021bia \u0219i actualizarea \u00eentregii imagini de sistem. Este disponibil un depozit care include aproximativ 3000 de pachete RPM deja compilate, care pot fi utilizate pentru a compune propriile imagini bazate pe fi\u0219ierul de configurare.     <\/p>\n<p>Platforma de baz\u0103 include doar cele mai necesare componente \u0219i este optimizat\u0103 pentru un consum minim de memorie \u0219i spa\u021biu pe disc, precum \u0219i pentru o vitez\u0103 ridicat\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Proiectul utilizeaz\u0103 abordarea \u201emaxim\u0103 securitate \u00een mod implicit\u201d, ceea ce implic\u0103 activarea diferitelor mecanisme suplimentare pentru a spori protec\u021bia:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Filtrarea apelurilor de sistem utiliz\u00e2nd mecanismul seccomp.\n<li class=\"l\"> Criptarea parti\u021biilor de disc.\n<li class=\"l\"> Verificarea pachetelor prin semn\u0103tur\u0103 digital\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Randomizarea spa\u021biului de adrese.\n<li class=\"l\"> Protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva atacurilor legate de linkuri simbolice, mmap, \/dev\/mem \u0219i \/dev\/kmem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Modul doar pentru citire \u0219i interzicerea execut\u0103rii codului \u00een zonele de memorie \u00een care sunt plasate segmentele cu datele nucleului \u0219i modulelor.\n<li class=\"l\"> Op\u021biunea de a interzice \u00eenc\u0103rcarea modulelor nucleului dup\u0103 ini\u021bializarea sistemului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilizarea iptables pentru filtrarea pachetelor de re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Activarea \u00een timpul compil\u0103rii a modurilor de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva suprascrierii stivei, suprascrierilor de buffer \u0219i problemelor cu formatarea \u0219irurilor (_FORTIFY_SOURCE, -fstack-protector, -Wformat-security, relro).   <\/ul>\n<p>Pentru gestionarea serviciilor \u0219i a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii se utilizeaz\u0103 managerul de sistem systemd. Pentru gestionarea pachetelor sunt furnizate manageri de pachete RPM \u0219i DNF. Serverul SSH nu este activat implicit. Pentru instalarea distribu\u021biei este disponibil un instalator, care poate func\u021biona at\u00e2t \u00een modul text, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een modul grafic. Instalatorul ofer\u0103 op\u021biunea de instalare cu un set complet sau de baz\u0103 de pachete, oferind o interfa\u021b\u0103 pentru alegerea parti\u021biei de disc, alegerea numelui gazd\u0103 \u0219i crearea utilizatorilor.    <\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 modific\u0103rile legate de CBL-Mariner \u0219i Azure Linux, compania Microsoft a lansat, de asemenea, o nou\u0103 versiune a platformei Azure Sphere 24.03, construit\u0103 pe baza nucleului Linux, destinate cre\u0103rii de dispozitive pentru internetul lucrurilor bazate pe microcontrolere (MCU, unitate de microcontroler) energetic eficiente, cu subsisteme periferice integrate. Una dintre caracteristicile platformei este subsystemul Pluton, menit s\u0103 ofere resurse hardware pentru criptare, stocarea cheilor private \u0219i realizarea de opera\u021bii criptografice complexe. Pluton include un procesor specializat dedicat, un motor criptografic, un generator hardware de numere aleatorii \u0219i un depozit izolat pentru chei.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60740\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 CBL-Mariner \u0432 Azure Linux. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f Azure Linux \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c CBL-Mariner (Common Base Linux Mariner). \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 Microsoft \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 CBL-Mariner \u0432 azurelinux, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 CBL-Mariner \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 CBL-Mariner \u0432 Azure Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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